Lapho udoti oluvela emayini luthinta ipayipi ngesivinini esikhulu, lapho udoti olushisa kakhulu endaweni yokusebenzela yensimbi luqhubeka nokugeza udonga lwangaphakathi, nalapho isixazululo se-asidi enamandla endaweni yokusebenzela yamakhemikhali sigqwala udonga lwamapayipi usuku nosuku – amapayipi ensimbi avamile avame ukuvuza ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Kodwa kukhona uhlobo lwepayipi olungasinda “ekuhlanzweni kwezimboni” okunjalo lungalimalanga, futhi luyi-ipayipi elingagugi elenziwe nge-silicon carbidenjengezinto eziyinhloko. Hlobo luni lobuhlakani bezinto ezibonakalayo olufihlwa yile ngxenye yezimboni ebonakala ijwayelekile?
Ikhodi yezinto eziqinile kunensimbi
Indaba ye-silicon carbide yaqala ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 lapho ososayensi bethola ngengozi le nhlanganisela eqinile ngenkathi bezama ukukhiqiza idayimane yokwenziwa. Ayivamile kakhulu ngokwemvelo futhi yaziwa ngokuthi “i-Moissanite”, kuyilapho i-silicon carbide esetshenziswa embonini namuhla cishe ingumkhiqizo wokwenziwa kokwenziwa.
Imfihlo yokwenza amapayipi e-silicon carbide “amelana nokukhiqizwa” itholakala esakhiweni sawo esiyingqayizivele. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope ye-electron, amakristalu e-silicon carbide abonisa isakhiwo se-tetrahedral esifana nedayimane, i-athomu ngayinye ye-silicon izungezwe ngokuqinile ama-athomu amane e-carbon, yakha inethiwekhi yesibopho se-covalent engaphuki. Lesi sakhiwo sinikeza ubulukhuni obulandela idayimane kuphela, obunobulukhuni be-Mohs obungu-9.5, okusho ukuthi ngisho nokuguguleka okuqhubekayo kwesihlabathi se-quartz (ubulukhuni be-Mohs obungu-7) kunzima ukushiya izinsalela.
Okungavamile nakakhulu ukuthi i-silicon carbide ayigcini nje ngokuba lukhuni, kodwa futhi imelana kakhulu namazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu lika-1400 ℃, isengagcina izakhiwo eziqinile zemishini, okwenza isebenze kahle ezimweni zokushisa okuphezulu njengokuthuthwa kwempuphu yamalahle ezitsheni zokuqhuma zensimbi kanye nokukhishwa kwe-boiler slag ekukhiqizeni amandla okushisa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, "ivikelekile" ekugugulekeni kwama-asidi amaningi nama-alkali, futhi lokhu kumelana nokugqwala kubaluleke kakhulu emipayipini yokudlulisa i-asidi enamandla embonini yamakhemikhali.
Ifilosofi yokuklama yokwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwamapayipi ngokuphindwe kayishumi
Ubulukhuni obulula abwanele ukubhekana nezimo zezimboni eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amapayipi esimanje amelana nokuguguleka kwe-silicon carbide asebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ezihlakaniphile: ngokuvamile ungqimba lwangaphandle luyinsimbi yekhabhoni evamile enikeza ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo, ungqimba lwangaphakathi luyi-silicon carbide ceramic lining, kanti amanye amapayipi aphinde asonge i-fiberglass ngaphandle ukuze athuthukise amandla aphelele. Lo mklamo awugcini nje ngokusebenzisa inzuzo yokumelana nokuguguleka kwe-silicon carbide, kodwa futhi ubuyisela ubuthakathaka bezinto zobumba.
Onjiniyela bazophinde benze "umklamo ohlukile" ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokuguguleka kwezingxenye ezahlukene zombhobho. Isibonelo, uma i-arc yangaphandle yendololwane iguguleke kakhulu, kuzosetshenziswa ulwelwesi lwe-silicon carbide olujiyile; Uma ukuguguleka kwe-arc yangaphakathi kulula, kufanele kuncishiswe ngokufanele ukuqinisekisa ukuqina nokugwema ukungcola kwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuthulisa ukusabela kwenza amapayipi e-silicon carbide aphelele kakhudlwana. Ngokulawula ngokunembile izinga lokushisa kanye nesilinganiso sezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinto zingafinyelela isimo esiminyene cishe esingenazo izimbobo, ngenkathi zethula izingxenye ze-graphite ukuze zakhe ungqimba oluzigcobayo. Lapho uketshezi lukhipha ipayipi, ungqimba lwe-graphite lwakha ifilimu evikelayo, okunciphisa kakhulu i-friction coefficient, njengokubeka "isivikelo sokugcoba" epayipini.
Kusukela ozalweni lwezimboni kuya esikhathini esizayo esiluhlaza
Ezimbonini ezisindayo njengamandla okushisa, izimayini, i-metallurgy, kanye nobunjiniyela bamakhemikhali, izinhlelo zamapayipi zifana "negazi lezimboni", futhi ukuthembeka kwazo kuhlobene ngqo nokuphepha kokukhiqiza kanye nokusebenza kahle. Amapayipi ensimbi endabuko avame ukudinga ukushintshwa zingakapheli izinyanga ezi-3 ezindaweni ezigugile kakhulu, kuyilapho impilo yokusebenza yamapayipi angagugi e-silicon carbide ingandiswa izikhathi ezingaphezu kweziyi-10, okunciphisa kakhulu imvamisa yokugcinwa kwesikhathi sokungasebenzi.
Lesi sici esihlala isikhathi eside siletha nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo. Ukunciphisa ukushintshwa kwamapayipi kusho ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuncibilikisa obusetshenziswa enqubweni yokukhiqiza (njengendlela ye-ESK) bungabuyisa igesi elahliwe ukuze kukhiqizwe ugesi, kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-20%. Emasimini asafufusa njengokukhiqiza ibhethri le-lithium kanye nemishini yokuvikela imvelo, ukugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kwamapayipi e-silicon carbide nakho kudlala indima ebalulekile.
Uma sikhuluma ngentuthuko yezimboni, sivame ukugxila kuleyo mikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ekhazimulayo, kodwa kalula singazinaki “amaqhawe angemuva kwezigcawu” njengamapayipi angagugi e-silicon carbide. Yilo kanye lo mbono omusha okhulisa izakhiwo zezinto eziyisisekelo ezisekela ukusebenza kahle kwemboni yesimanje. Kusukela ezimayini kuya ezimbonini, kusukela ezitsheni zokushisa okuphezulu kuya ezindaweni zokusebenzela zamakhemikhali, lezi ‘zivikelo eziqinile’ ezithule zinegalelo ekuphepheni nasekuzinzeni komkhiqizo wezimboni ngendlela yazo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-30-2025