'Super Hard Shield' Yobisika mu Mipaipi Yamafakitale: Chinsinsi cha Silicon Carbide Wear Restant Mapaipi

Pamene tailings slurry wa mgodi amakhudza payipi pa liwiro mkulu, pamene mkulu-kutentha slag mu msonkhano zitsulo akupitiriza kutsuka khoma lamkati, ndipo pamene amphamvu asidi njira mu msonkhano mankhwala dzimbiri chitoliro khoma tsiku ndi tsiku - mapaipi wamba zitsulo zambiri kutayikira patangotha miyezi yochepa. Koma pali mtundu wina wa payipi umene ungathe kukhalabe mu “purigatoriyo wamakampani” woterowo popanda kuvulazidwa, ndipo ndimapaipi osamva kuvala opangidwa ndi silicon carbidemonga core material. Ndi nzeru zamtundu wanji zomwe gawo la mafakitale lomwe likuwoneka ngati wamba limabisa?
Khodi yazinthu zamakani kuposa chitsulo
Nkhani ya silicon carbide inayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800 pamene asayansi adatulukira mwangozi gulu lolimbali poyesa kupanga diamondi yopangira. Ndizosowa kwambiri m'chilengedwe ndipo zimadziwika kuti "Moissanite", pamene silicon carbide yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani masiku ano imakhala yopangidwa ndi kupanga.
Chinsinsi chopanga mapaipi a silicon carbide "osamva kupanga" chagona mu mawonekedwe awo apadera. Pansi pa maikulosikopu ya ma elekitironi, makristalo a silicon carbide amawonetsa mawonekedwe a tetrahedral ofanana ndi diamondi, ndi atomu iliyonse ya silikoni yozunguliridwa ndi ma atomu anayi a kaboni, kupanga maukonde osasweka. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuuma kwachiwiri kokha kwa diamondi, ndi kuuma kwa Mohs kwa 9.5, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngakhale kukokoloka kosalekeza kwa mchenga wa quartz (Mohs kuuma kwa 7) kumakhala kovuta kusiya zizindikiro.
Chomwe chimakhala chosowa kwambiri ndichakuti silicon carbide sizovuta zokha, komanso zimalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1400 ℃, imatha kukhalabe yokhazikika pamakina, yomwe imapangitsa kuti izichita bwino pamikhalidwe yotentha kwambiri monga kunyamula ufa wa malasha mu ng'anjo zazitsulo zophulika ndi kutulutsa kotentha kwamagetsi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, "imateteza" kukokoloka kwa ma asidi ambiri ndi alkalis, ndipo kukana kwa dzimbiri kumeneku kumakhala kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri pamapaipi amphamvu opatsira asidi mumakampani opanga mankhwala.

Kupanga nzeru kuti muwonjezere moyo wamapaipi kakhumi
Kuuma kosavuta sikokwanira kuthana ndi zovuta zamakampani. Mapaipi amakono a silicon carbide osamva kuvala amatengera zida zanzeru zophatikizika: nthawi zambiri wosanjikiza wakunja ndi chitsulo wamba wa kaboni chomwe chimathandizira pamapangidwe, wosanjikiza wamkati ndi silicon carbide ceramic lining, ndipo mapaipi ena amakulunganso magalasi a fiberglass kunja kuti awonjezere mphamvu. Kapangidwe kameneka sikumangowonjezera mwayi wokana kuvala kwa silicon carbide, komanso kumathandizira kuwonongeka kwa zida za ceramic.
Mainjiniya adzachitanso "mapangidwe osiyanasiyana" kutengera kuchuluka kwa mavalidwe a magawo osiyanasiyana a mapaipi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbali yakunja ya chigongono yavala kwambiri, chitsulo cholimba cha silicon carbide chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito; Ngati mavalidwe amkati mwa arc ndi opepuka, amayenera kupatulidwa moyenera kuti atsimikizire kulimba komanso kupewa zinyalala zakuthupi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa reaction sintering kumapangitsa mapaipi a silicon carbide kukhala angwiro. Poyang'anira bwino kutentha ndi chiŵerengero cha zinthu zopangira, zinthuzo zimatha kukhala wandiweyani ndi pafupifupi ziro porosity, ndikuyambitsa zigawo za graphite kuti zikhale zosanjikiza zodzipaka mafuta. Madziwo akamayatsa payipi, graphite layer imapanga filimu yoteteza, kumachepetsa kugundana, monga kuyika “zida zothirira” paipiyo.
Kuchokera kumagazi amakampani kupita ku tsogolo lobiriwira
M'mafakitale olemera monga mphamvu yamafuta, migodi, zitsulo, ndi uinjiniya wamankhwala, machitidwe a mapaipi ali ngati "magazi amakampani", ndipo kudalirika kwawo kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi chitetezo chopanga komanso kuchita bwino. Mipope yachitsulo yachikhalidwe nthawi zambiri imayenera kusinthidwa mkati mwa miyezi itatu m'malo ovala mwamphamvu, pomwe moyo wautumiki wa mapaipi osamva kuvala a silicon carbide utha kuwonjezedwa kupitilira ka 10, ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kukonzanso nthawi yopuma.
Khalidwe lokhalitsali limabweretsanso phindu lalikulu la chilengedwe. Kuchepetsa m'malo mwa mapaipi kumatanthauza kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, ndipo matekinoloje apamwamba osungunula omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga (monga njira ya ESK) amatha kubwezeretsanso gasi wowonongeka kuti apange mphamvu, kukulitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 20%. M'magawo omwe akubwera monga kupanga batire ya lithiamu ndi zida zoteteza chilengedwe, kukana komanso kukana kwa mapaipi a silicon carbide nawonso akugwira ntchito yofunikira.
Tikamalankhula za kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale, nthawi zambiri timangoyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri, koma timangonyalanyaza "odziwika bwino" monga mapaipi osamva kuvala a silicon carbide. Ndizochita zatsopanozi zomwe zimakulitsa katundu wazinthu zofunikira zomwe zimathandizira kugwira ntchito bwino kwamakampani amakono. Kuchokera kumigodi kupita kumafakitale, kuchokera ku ng'anjo zotentha kwambiri kupita ku malo ochitirako mankhwala, 'zishango zolimba kwambiri' za zii zikuthandizira ku chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa kupanga mafakitale mwanjira yawoyawo.