Kana marara emugodhi akanganisa pombi nekumhanya kukuru, apo kudziya kwepamusoro-soro mumusangano wemetallurgical kunoenderera mberi kugeza madziro emukati, uye kana iyo yakasimba acid solution mumusangano wemakemikari inoshatisa madziro epombi zuva nezuva - mapaipi esimbi akajairika anowanzo donha mushure memwedzi mishoma chete. Asi kune rudzi rwepombi inogona kurarama mu“purigatori yemaindasitiri” yakadaro isina kukuvadzwa, uye ikupfeka-resistant pombi yakagadzirwa nesilicon carbidesechinhu chikuru. Ndeupi rudzi rwehungwaru hwezvinhu hunovanza chikamu cheindasitiri chinoratidzika sechakajairika?
Iyo yakanyanya kusindimara kodhi yezvinhu kupfuura simbi
Nyaya yesilicon carbide yakatanga mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi 19 apo masayendisiti akawana netsaona iyi komisheni yakaoma achiedza kugadzira madhaimondi ekugadzira. Iyo yakanyanya kushomeka mumasikirwo uye inozivikanwa se "Moissanite", nepo iyo silicon carbide inoshandiswa muindasitiri nhasi ingangoita chibereko chekugadzira synthesis.
Chakavanzika chekugadzira silicon carbide pombi saka "inopokana nekugadzira" iri mune yavo yakasarudzika microstructure. Pasi pe electron microscope, makristasi esilicon carbide anoratidza tetrahedral chimiro chakafanana nedhaimani, neatomu imwe neimwe yesilicon yakakomberedzwa zvakasimba nemaatomu mana ecarbon, ichigadzira isingaputsika covalent bond network. Ichi chimiro chinopa kuoma kwechipiri chete kune diamond, ine Mohs kuoma kwe9.5, izvo zvinoreva kuti kunyange kuenderera kunoramba kukoromoka kwejecha requartz (Mohs kuoma kwe7) kwakaoma kusiya zvinyorwa.
Chinotonyanya kushomeka ndechekuti silicon carbide haina kuoma chete, asiwo inopokana nekupisa kwakanyanya. Pakupisa kwepamusoro kwe1400 ℃, inogona kuramba yakagadzikana yemagetsi zvivakwa, izvo zvinoita kuti iite zvakanaka mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya senge marasha ekufambisa poda musimbi metallurgy blast furnaces uye boiler slag discharge mumagetsi ekupisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, "inodzivirira" kukukurwa kweasidhi yakawanda uye alkalis, uye kushorwa uku kunonyanya kukosha mumapaipi akasimba ekuparadzira asidi muindasitiri yemakemikari.
Dhizaini uzivi kuti uwedzere hupenyu hwepombi kakapetwa kagumi
Kuomarara kwakapfava hakuna kukwana kutarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma maindasitiri. Mapombi emazuva ano esilicon carbide anopfeka-resistant anotora zvimiro zvine hungwaru anoumbwa: kazhinji iyo yekunze dhizaini yakajairwa kabhoni simbi inopa tsigiro yechimiro, yemukati layer isilicon carbide ceramic lining, uye mamwe mapaipi anoputirawo fiberglass kunze kuti iwedzere simba rose. Iyi dhizaini haingokwidziri kupfekedza kuramba mukana wesilicon carbide, asi zvakare inotsiva brittleness yezvinhu zveceramic.
Mainjiniya achaitawo "yakasiyana dhizaini" zvichienderana nekupfeka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvepombi. Semuenzaniso, kana iyo arc yekunze yegokora yakanyanya kupfekwa, yakakora silicon carbide lining ichashandiswa; Kana mapfekero emukati arc akareruka, anofanirwa kutetepa zvakafanira kuti ave nechokwadi chekusimba uye kudzivirira kutambisa zvinhu.
Iko kushandiswa kweiyo reaction sintering tekinoroji kunoita kuti silicon carbide mapaipi awedzere kukwana. Nekunyatso kudzora tembiricha uye mbishi reshiyo, zvinhu zvacho zvinokwanisa kuita dense dense neine zero porosity, uku uchiunza zvikamu zvegraphite kuti zvigadzire iyo yega-lubricating layer. Kana mvura yacho ichikwesha pombi, girafu rinogadzira firimu rinodzivirira, richiwedzera kuderedza kukweshana, kufanana nekuisa “nhumbi dzokurwa nadzo” papombi.
Kubva muindasitiri yeropa kusvika kugirini ramangwana
Mumaindasitiri anorema senge thermal power, migodhi, metallurgy, uye makemikari engineering, mapaipi masisitimu akafanana ne "industrial bloodline", uye kuvimbika kwavo kwakanangana nekuchengetedza kugadzirwa uye kugona. Mapombi esimbi echinyakare anowanzoda kutsiviwa mukati memwedzi mitatu munzvimbo dzakasimba dzekupfeka, nepo hupenyu hwesevhisi hwesilicon carbide inodzivirira mapombi hunogona kuwedzerwa nekanopfuura kagumi, zvichideredza zvakanyanya kuwanda kwekugadzirisa nguva.
Ichi chimiro chinogara kwenguva refu chinounzawo zvakakosha zvakatipoteredza. Kuderedza kutsiva kwepombi kunoreva kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimbi, uye matekinoroji ekunyungudutsa anoshandiswa mukugadzira (senge nzira yeESK) anogona kudzoreredza gasi remarara pakugadzira magetsi, kuwedzera kushandiswa kwesimba ne20%. Muminda ichiri kusimukira senge lithium bhatiri kugadzirwa uye midziyo yekudzivirira kwezvakatipoteredza, iyo corrosion uye kupfeka kuramba kwesilicon carbide mapaipi ari kutambawo basa rakakosha.
Kana tichitaura nezve kufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri, isu tinowanzo kutarisa kune izvo zvinoyevedza zvemhando yepamusoro zvigadzirwa, asi zviri nyore kufuratira "kuseri kwezviitiko magamba" senge silicon carbide kupfeka-inodzivirira pombi. Ndizvo chaizvo hunyanzvi uhu hunowedzera zvimiro zvezvinhu zvakakosha zvinotsigira kushanda kwakanaka kweindasitiri yemazuva ano. Kubva pamigodhi kuenda kumafekitari, kubva kumavira anopisa zvikuru kusvika kumashopu emakemikari, idzi 'superhard shield' dzisingatauriki dziri kubatsira kuchengetedzeka nekusimbaradza kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri nenzira yadzo.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-30-2025