Xa udaka oluludaka lomgodi luchaphazela umbhobho ngesantya esiphezulu, xa i-slag yobushushu obuphezulu kwindawo yokusebenzela yesinyithi iqhubeka nokuhlamba udonga lwangaphakathi, naxa isisombululo esinamandla seasidi kwindawo yokusebenzela yemichiza sitshayela udonga lombhobho usuku nosuku – imibhobho yentsimbi eqhelekileyo idla ngokuvuza emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kuphela. Kodwa kukho uhlobo lombhobho olunokuphila “kwindawo yentlambululo-miphefumlo” enjalo ngaphandle kokonakalisa, yaye luyingozi.umbhobho okwaziyo ukunxiba owenziwe ngesilicon carbidenjengeyona nto ingundoqo. Loluphi uhlobo lobukrelekrele bezinto ezifihlwa yile nxalenye yemizi-mveliso?
Ikhowudi yezinto ezinenkani kunentsimbi
Ibali le-silicon carbide laqala ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 xa izazinzulu zafumanisa ngempazamo le khompawundi inzima ngelixa bezama ukwenza idayimane yokwenziwa. Kunqabile kakhulu kwindalo kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi "Moissanite", ngelixa i-silicon carbide esetyenziswa kwishishini namhlanje iphantse ibe yimveliso yokwenziwa kokwenziwa.
Imfihlelo yokwenza imibhobho ye-silicon carbide ukuze "ixhathise ekwenzeni" ilele kwi-microstructure yayo ekhethekileyo. Ngaphantsi kwe-electron microscope, iikristale ze-silicon carbide zibonisa isakhiwo se-tetrahedral esifana nedayimani, kunye ne-athomu ye-silicon nganye ejikelezwe ngokuqinileyo zii-athom zekhabhoni ezine, zenza umnatha wonxibelelwano olungenakophuka. Esi sakhiwo sinika ubunzima besibini kuphela kwidayimane, kunye nobunzima be-Mohs be-9.5, oku kuthetha ukuba nokukhukuliseka okuqhubekayo kwesanti ye-quartz (ubunzima be-Mohs ye-7) kunzima ukushiya umkhondo.
Eyona nto inqabileyo ngakumbi kukuba i-silicon carbide ayinzima nje kuphela, kodwa ikwaxhathisa kakhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Kubushushu obuphezulu be-1400 ℃, isenokugcina iipropathi ezizinzileyo zoomatshini, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze kakuhle kwiimeko zobushushu obuphezulu obufana nokuthuthwa komgubo wamalahle kwiziko lokuqhushumba kwesinyithi kunye nokukhutshelwa kwe-boiler slag kwi-thermal power generation. Kwangaxeshanye, “ayikhuseleki” kukhukuliseko lweeasidi ezininzi kunye neealkali, kwaye oku kuxhathisa ukubola kuxabiseke ngakumbi kwimibhobho eyomeleleyo yokuhanjiswa kweasidi kwishishini lemichiza.
Yila ifilosofi yokwandisa ubomi bombhobho ngokuphindwe kalishumi
Ubulukhuni obulula akwanelanga ukumelana nemekobume yemizi-mveliso entsonkothileyo. Imibhobho yanamhlanje ye-silicon carbide ekwaziyo ukunxiba ithatha izinto ezikrelekrele ezidityanisiweyo: ngokwesiqhelo umaleko wangaphandle yintsimbi yekhabhoni eqhelekileyo ebonelela ngenkxaso yolwakhiwo, umaleko wangaphakathi yisilicon carbide lining ceramic, kwaye eminye imibhobho ikwasonga i-fiberglass ngaphandle ukomeleza amandla xa iyonke. Olu luyilo alunyusi nje kuphela inzuzo yokumelana nokunxiba kwe-silicon carbide, kodwa ikwahlawulela ubunkunkqele bemathiriyeli yeceramic.
Iinjineli ziya kuqhuba "uyilo olwahlukileyo" ngokusekwe kwinqanaba lokunxiba kweendawo ezahlukeneyo zombhobho. Umzekelo, ukuba i-arc yangaphandle ye-elbow igqithise kakhulu, i-silicon carbide lining etyebileyo iya kusetyenziswa; Ukuba ukunxiba kwi-arc yangaphakathi kulula, kufuneka kucuthwe ngokufanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kunye nokuphepha inkunkuma yezinto eziphathekayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji ye-reaction sintering yenza imibhobho ye-silicon carbide igqibelele ngakumbi. Ngokulawula ngokuchanekileyo umlinganiselo weqondo lobushushu kunye nemathiriyeli ekrwada, imathiriyeli inokufikelela kwimo exineneyo ngokuphantse ibe zero porosity, ngelixa ingenisa amacandelo egraphite ukwenza umaleko wokuzithambisa. Xa ulwelo lugungxula umbhobho, umaleko wegraphite wenza ifilimu ekhuselayo, nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi ukukhuhlana komlinganiso, njengokubeka “isikrweqe sokuthambisa” kumbhobho.
Ukusuka kwishishini legazi ukuya kwikamva eliluhlaza
Kumashishini anzima njengamandla okushisa, imigodi, i-metallurgy, kunye nobunjineli beekhemikhali, iinkqubo zemibhobho zifana ne "industrial bloodline", kwaye ukuthembeka kwabo kuhambelana ngqo nokhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Imibhobho yentsimbi yesiNtu isoloko ifuna ukutshintshwa kwisithuba seenyanga ezi-3 kwindawo eyomeleleyo yokunxiba, ngelixa ubomi benkonzo ye-silicon carbide imibhobho enganyangekiyo inokwandiswa ngamaxesha angaphezu kwe-10, ukunciphisa kakhulu ukuphindaphindeka kokugcinwa kwexesha lokuphumla.
Olu phawu luhlala ixesha elide luzisa iinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukunciphisa ukutshintshwa kwemibhobho kuthetha ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi, kunye nobuchwepheshe bokunyibilikisa obuphambili obusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokuvelisa (njengendlela ye-ESK) inokubuyisela inkunkuma yerhasi yokuvelisa amandla, ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-20%. Kwiindawo ezivelayo ezifana nokuveliswa kwebhetri ye-lithium kunye nezixhobo zokukhusela indalo, ukubola kunye nokumelana nokunxiba kwemibhobho ye-silicon carbide nayo idlala indima ebalulekileyo.
Xa sithetha ngenkqubela phambili yefektri, sihlala sigxila kwezo mveliso ziqaqambileyo zetekhnoloji ephezulu, kodwa ngokulula singawahoyi “amagorha angemva kwemiboniso” anje ngesilicon carbide wear-resistant pipe. Yiyo kanye le nto intsha eyandisa iipropati zezinto ezisisiseko ezixhasa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo koshishino lwanamhlanje. Ukusuka emigodini ukuya kwimizi-mveliso, ukusuka kwiziko lobushushu obuphezulu ukuya kwiindibano zocweyo zemichiza, ezi 'zikhuselo zinkulu zithe cwaka' zinegalelo kukhuseleko nozinzo lwemveliso yemizi-mveliso ngendlela yazo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-30-2025