'Inkingi ikomeye cyane' yihishe mu miyoboro y'inganda: Ibanga ry'imiyoboro idakira silicon carbide

Iyo urutare rw'ibirombe rukoze ku muyoboro ku muvuduko mwinshi, iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi mu icupa ry'ibyuma bukomeje koza urukuta rw'imbere, kandi iyo aside ikomeye mu icupa ry'ibinyabutabire yangije urukuta rw'imiyoboro umunsi ku wundi - imiyoboro isanzwe y'ibyuma ikunze kuva amazi nyuma y'amezi make gusa. Ariko hari ubwoko bw'imiyoboro ishobora kurokoka muri "purgatory y'inganda" nk'iyo idakomeretse, kandi niumuyoboro udashira ukozwe muri karubide ya silikonink'ibikoresho by'ingenzi. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubwenge bw'ibikoresho iki gice gisa n'aho gisanzwe cy'inganda gihisha?
Kode y'ibikoresho irakomeye kurusha icyuma
Inkuru ya karubide ya silikoni yatangiye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo abahanga mu bya siyansi bavumburaga iyi mvange ikomeye mu gihe bageragezaga gukora diyama ikoze mu nganda. Ni gake cyane mu miterere yayo kandi izwi ku izina rya "Moissanite", mu gihe karubide ya silikoni ikoreshwa mu nganda muri iki gihe hafi ya yose ari umusaruro w'imvange y'ubukorano.
Ibanga ryo gukora imiyoboro ya silicon carbide "irwanya inganda" riri mu miterere yayo yihariye. Munsi ya mikorosikopi ya electron, kristu za silicon carbide zigaragaza imiterere ya tetrahedral isa na diyama, buri atome ya silicon izengurutswe cyane na atome enye za karuboni, zigakora urusobe rw'imigozi idacika. Iyi miterere iha ubukana bwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, ifite ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 9.5, bivuze ko no gushonga kw'umucanga wa quartz (ubukana bwa Mohs bwa 7) bigoye gusiga ibimenyetso.
Ikindi kidasanzwe ni uko karubide ya silikoni idakomeye gusa, ahubwo inarwanya cyane ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 1400 ℃, iracyashobora kugumana imiterere ihamye ya mekanike, bituma ikora neza mu bihe by'ubushyuhe bwinshi nko gutwara ifu y'amakara mu itanura ry'ibyuma bitwika ibyuma ndetse no gusohora ifu ya boiler mu ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi ashyushye. Muri icyo gihe, "irinzwe" no kwangirika kwa aside na alkali nyinshi, kandi uku kudakomera kwa corruption ni ingenzi cyane mu miyoboro ikomeye yo kohereza aside mu nganda z'imiti.

Filozofiya yo gushushanya izatuma ubuzima bw'imiyoboro bwikuba inshuro icumi
Ubukomere bworoshye ntibuhagije kugira ngo umuntu ahangane n’ibidukikije bigoye by’inganda. Imiyoboro ya none idashira ya silikoni ikoresha imiterere y’ubuhanga: ubusanzwe urwego rw’inyuma ni icyuma gisanzwe cya karuboni gitanga inkunga y’imiterere, urwego rw’imbere ni urwego rwa silikoni rwa keramike, kandi hari imiyoboro ipfunyikamo fiberglass inyuma kugira ngo yongere imbaraga muri rusange. Iyi miterere ntikoresha gusa inyungu ya silikoni mu kudashira, ahubwo inagabanya ubukana bw’ibikoresho bya silikoni.
Abahanga mu by'ubwubatsi bazakora kandi "igishushanyo mbonera gitandukanye" hashingiwe ku rugero rw'ubusaze bw'ibice bitandukanye by'umuyoboro. Urugero, niba agace k'inyuma k'inkokora kamaze gusaza cyane, hazakoreshwa agace ka silikoni kanini; Niba ubusaze bw'agace k'imbere ari bworoshye, kagomba kugabanywa neza kugira ngo karambe kandi hirindwe imyanda y'ibikoresho.
Gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo gusinya ibintu bituma imiyoboro ya silikoni irushaho kuba myiza. Mu kugenzura neza ubushyuhe n'ikigereranyo cy'ibikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho bishobora kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru nta porosity ifite, mu gihe binjiza ibice bya grafiti kugira ngo bikore urwego rwo kwisiga. Iyo amazi asukuye umuyoboro, urwego rwa grafiti rukora firime irinda, ikagabanya cyane friction coefficient, nko gushyira "igikingira cy'amavuta" ku muyoboro.
Kuva ku muryango w'inganda kugeza ku hazaza heza h'ibidukikije
Mu nganda zikomeye nko mu bushyuhe, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, n'ubuhanga mu by'imiti, imiyoboro y'amazi ni nk' "umuyoboro w'amaraso mu nganda", kandi kwizera kwayo bifitanye isano itaziguye n'umutekano n'imikorere myiza y'umusaruro. Imiyoboro gakondo y'ibyuma ikunze gukenera gusimburwa mu mezi 3 mu bice bikomeye byo kwangirika, mu gihe igihe cyo gukora imiyoboro idakira silicon carbide gishobora kongerwaho inshuro zirenga 10, bigabanyije cyane inshuro zo kutagira aho ikorera.
Iyi miterere irambye kandi izana inyungu zikomeye ku bidukikije. Kugabanya imiyoboro yo gusimbuza bivuze kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibyuma, kandi ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gushongesha ibyuma rikoreshwa mu gutunganya (nk'uburyo bwa ESK) rishobora kugarura imyuka yanduye kugira ngo ikoreshwe mu ngufu, bikongera ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ku kigero cya 20%. Mu nzego zikiri nshya nko gukora bateri za lithium no kurinda ibidukikije, ingese no kudashira kw'imiyoboro ya silicon carbide nabyo bigira uruhare runini.
Iyo tuvuze ku iterambere ry’inganda, akenshi twibanda ku bicuruzwa bigezweho by’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ariko tukareba byoroshye “intwari zihishe inyuma y’ibishushanyo mbonera” nk’imiyoboro idapfa kwangirika ya silicon carbide. Ni ubu buryo bushya bwongera imiterere y’ibikoresho by’ibanze bushyigikira imikorere myiza y’inganda zigezweho. Kuva mu birombe kugeza ku nganda, kuva ku ziko zishyuha cyane kugeza ku mazu akorerwamo imiti, izi “ngabo zikomeye” zitagira icyo zivuga zitanga umusanzu mu mutekano no mu kurambye k’umusaruro w’inganda mu buryo bwazo bwite.