Iyo umurizo ucukuye mu birombe bigira ingaruka ku muvuduko mwinshi, iyo ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane mu mahugurwa ya metallurgjiya bukomeje gukaraba urukuta rw'imbere, kandi iyo igisubizo gikomeye cya acide mu mahugurwa y’imiti cyangiza urukuta rw'umuyoboro umunsi ku wundi - imiyoboro isanzwe y'icyuma akenshi isohoka nyuma y'amezi make gusa. Ariko hari ubwoko bwumuyoboro ushobora kubaho muri "purgatori yinganda" idakomeretse, kandi ni aimiyoboro idashobora kwambara ikozwe muri karubide ya siliconnk'ibikoresho by'ibanze. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ubwenge ibintu bisa nkibisanzwe mu nganda bihisha?
Kode yibintu byinangiye kuruta ibyuma
Inkuru ya karibide ya silicon yatangiye mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 ubwo abahanga bavumburaga ku buryo butunguranye uru ruganda rukomeye bagerageza gukora diyama ikora. Ni gake cyane muri kamere kandi izwi nka "Moissanite", mugihe karbide ya silicon ikoreshwa mu nganda muri iki gihe hafi ya yose ni umusaruro wa synthesis.
Ibanga ryo gukora imiyoboro ya karubide ya silicon kuburyo "irwanya inganda" iri muri microstructure idasanzwe. Mikorosikopi ya elegitoronike, kristu ya kariside ya silicon yerekana imiterere ya tetrahedrale isa na diyama, hamwe na atome ya silicon yose ikikijwe cyane na atome enye za karubone, bigakora umuyoboro wa covalent udacika. Iyi miterere itanga ubukana bwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, hamwe na Mohs ubukana bwa 9.5, bivuze ko ndetse no gutwarwa nisuri ikomeza kumusenyi wa quartz (Mohs gukomera kwa 7) biragoye gusiga ibimenyetso.
Igitangaje cyane ni uko karbide ya silicon idakomeye gusa, ahubwo irwanya cyane ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 1400 ℃, burashobora kugumana imiterere yubukanishi butajegajega, bigatuma bukora neza mubihe by'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nko gutwara ifu yamakara mu itanura ry’ibyuma biturika hamwe no gusohora ibyuka mumashanyarazi. Muri icyo gihe, ni "ubudahangarwa" ku isuri ya acide na alkalis nyinshi, kandi uku kurwanya ruswa ni ingirakamaro cyane mu miyoboro ikomeye yohereza aside mu nganda z’imiti.
Shushanya filozofiya yo kongera umuyoboro ubuzima bwikubye inshuro icumi
Gukomera byoroshye ntabwo bihagije kugirango uhangane n’ibidukikije bigoye. Imiyoboro ya kijyambere ya silicon karbide yihanganira imyubakire yubaka ubwenge: mubisanzwe igice cyo hanze nicyuma gisanzwe cya karubone gitanga ubufasha bwububiko, igice cyimbere ni silicon karbide ceramic ceramic, kandi imiyoboro imwe nimwe ipfunyika fiberglass hanze kugirango yongere imbaraga muri rusange. Iki gishushanyo ntigikoresha gusa inyungu zo guhangana na karubide ya silicon, ahubwo inishyura ubwinshi bwibikoresho byubutaka.
Ba injeniyeri bazakora kandi "igishushanyo mbonera gitandukanye" hashingiwe ku ntera yo kwambara ibice bitandukanye byumuyoboro. Kurugero, niba arc yinyuma yinkokora yambarwa cyane, hazakoreshwa umurongo wa silikoni mwinshi wa karbide; Niba kwambara kuri arc y'imbere byoroheje, bigomba kunanurwa muburyo bukwiye kugirango birambe kandi birinde imyanda.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ya tekinoroji ituma imiyoboro ya silicon karbide itunganijwe neza. Mugucunga neza ubushyuhe nuburinganire bwibikoresho, ibikoresho birashobora kugera kumurongo wuzuye hamwe na zeru hafi ya zeru, mugihe utangiza ibice bya grafite kugirango ube urwego rwo kwisiga. Iyo amazi asukuye umuyoboro, igishushanyo cya grafite gikora firime ikingira, bikagabanya cyane coefficient de fraisement, nko gushyira "intwaro yo gusiga" kumuyoboro.
Kuva mumaraso yinganda kugeza ahazaza heza
Mu nganda zikomeye nk'amashanyarazi, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, metallurgie, hamwe n’ubuhanga mu bya shimi, sisitemu y'imiyoboro imeze nka "maraso y’inganda", kandi kwizerwa kwayo bifitanye isano n’umutekano n’umusaruro. Imiyoboro gakondo yicyuma ikenera gusimburwa mugihe cyamezi 3 ahantu heza ho kwambara, mugihe ubuzima bwumurimo wa silicon karbide imiyoboro idashobora kwihanganira irashobora kwongerwa inshuro zirenga 10, bikagabanya cyane inshuro zo gufata neza igihe.
Ibi biranga igihe kirekire nabyo bizana inyungu zidukikije. Kugabanya gusimbuza imiyoboro bisobanura kugabanya ikoreshwa ryibyuma, hamwe nubuhanga bugezweho bwo gushonga bukoreshwa mugikorwa cyo kubyaza umusaruro (nkuburyo bwa ESK) burashobora kugarura gaze yimyanda kubyara amashanyarazi, kongera ingufu za 20%. Mubice bigenda bigaragara nka batiri ya lithium nibikoresho byo kurengera ibidukikije, kwangirika no kwambara birwanya imiyoboro ya karubide ya silicon nayo igira uruhare runini.
Iyo tuvuze iterambere ryinganda, dukunze kwibanda kubicuruzwa bitangaje byubuhanga buhanitse, ariko twirengagiza byoroshye "inyuma yintwari" nka silicon karbide imiyoboro idashobora kwambara. Nukuri udushya twinshi twerekana ibintu byibikoresho byunganira imikorere yinganda zigezweho. Kuva mu birombe kugeza mu nganda, kuva mu ziko ry’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugeza ku mahugurwa y’imiti, izi 'ngabo zidasanzwe' zicecetse zigira uruhare mu mutekano no kuramba by’inganda mu buryo bwabo.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jul-30-2025