Incazelo
Ama-hydrocycloneZinesimo se-cono-cylindrical, zinokungena kwe-tangential feed engxenyeni yesilinda kanye nendawo yokukhipha ku-axis ngayinye. Indawo yokukhipha engxenyeni yesilinda ibizwa ngokuthi i-vortex finder futhi idlulela esiphephweni ukuze inciphise ukugeleza kwe-short-circuit ngqo kusuka endaweni yokukhipha. Emaphethelweni e-conical kukhona indawo yesibili yokukhipha, i-spigot. Ukuze kuhlukaniswe usayizi, zombili izindawo zokukhipha ngokuvamile zivulekele emoyeni. Ama-hydrocyclone ngokuvamile asebenza ngokuqondile ne-spigot ekugcineni okuphansi, ngakho-ke umkhiqizo oqinile ubizwa ngokuthi i-underflow kanye nomkhiqizo omncane, okushiya i-vortex finder, i-overflow. Isithombe 1 sibonisa ngokwesiko ukugeleza okuyinhloko kanye nezici zokuklama zendlela evamilei-hydrocyclone: ama-vortices amabili, i-tangential feed inlet kanye ne-axial outlets. Ngaphandle kwesifunda esiseduze se-tangential inlet, ukunyakaza koketshezi ngaphakathi kwesiphepho kunokulingana kwe-radial. Uma enye noma zombili lezi outlets zivulekele umoya, indawo ephansi yokucindezela ibangela umongo wegesi eceleni kwe-axis eqondile, ngaphakathi kwe-vortex yangaphakathi.
Isithombe 1. Izici eziyinhloko ze-hydrocyclone.
Isimiso sokusebenza silula: uketshezi, oluthwala izinhlayiya ezilengayo, lungena esiphephweni ngendlela eqondile, lujikeleza phansi futhi lukhiqize insimu ye-centrifugal ekugelezeni kwe-vortex yamahhala. Izinhlayiya ezinkulu zihamba ngoketshezi ziye ngaphandle kwesiphephweni ngokunyakaza okujikelezayo, bese ziphuma nge-spigot ngengxenye yoketshezi. Ngenxa yendawo ekhawulelwe ye-spigot, i-vortex yangaphakathi, ejikeleza ngendlela efanayo ne-vortex yangaphandle kodwa egeleza phezulu, iyasungulwa futhi ishiye isiphephweni nge-vortex finder, ithwele iningi loketshezi nezinhlayiya ezincane nayo. Uma umthamo we-spigot udlula, umongo womoya uyavalwa futhi ukuphuma kwe-spigot kuyashintsha kusuka ku-spray efana nesambulela kube 'yintambo' kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezinto eziqinile kuya ekuchichimeni.
Ububanzi besigaba esiyisilinda yisona siguquguquki esikhulu esithinta usayizi wezinhlayiya ezingahlukaniswa, yize ububanzi bezindawo zokuphuma bungashintshwa ngokuzimela ukuze kushintshwe ukuhlukaniswa okufinyelelwe. Ngenkathi izisebenzi zokuqala zizama ngezivunguvungu ezincane njengobubanzi obungu-5 mm, ububanzi be-hydrocyclone yezentengiselwano njengamanje busukela ku-10 mm kuya ku-2.5 m, ngosayizi ohlukanisayo wezinhlayiya ezinobukhulu obungu-2700 kg m−3 obungu-1.5–300 μm, buncipha ngobuningi bezinhlayiya obukhuphukile. Ukwehla kwengcindezi yokusebenza kusuka kubha eyi-10 yobubanzi obuncane kuya kubha eyi-0.5 yamayunithi amakhulu. Ukuze kwandiswe umthamo, ezincane eziningiama-hydrocyclonekungahlukaniswa kusuka kumugqa owodwa wokuphakelayo.
Nakuba isimiso sokusebenza silula, izici eziningi zokusebenza kwazo azikaqondakali kahle, futhi ukukhethwa kanye nokubikezela kwe-hydrocyclone yokusebenza kwezimboni kusekelwe kakhulu emibonweni.
Ukuhlukaniswa
UBarry A. Wills, uJames A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., ku-Wills' Mineral Processing Technology (Uhlelo Lwesishiyagalombili), 2016
9.4.3 Ama-Hydrocyclones Uma kuqhathaniswa Nezikrini
Ama-hydrocyclone asevele ebusa ukuhlukaniswa lapho ebhekene nosayizi bezinhlayiya ezincane kumasekethe okugaya avaliwe (<200 µm). Kodwa-ke, intuthuko yakamuva kubuchwepheshe besikrini (Isahluko 8) ivuselele isithakazelo ekusebenziseni izikrini kumasekethe okugaya. Izikrini ziyahlukana ngokusekelwe kusayizi futhi azithonywanga ngqo ukusabalala kobuningi kumaminerali okuphakelayo. Lokhu kungaba yinzuzo. Izikrini nazo azinayo ingxenye ye-bypass, futhi njengoba Isibonelo 9.2 sibonisile, i-bypass ingaba nkulu kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-30% kuleso simo). Isibalo 9.8 sibonisa isibonelo somehluko ku-partition curve yezikrini ze-cyclone ne-cyclone. Idatha ivela ku-El Brocal concentrator ePeru ngokuhlolwa ngaphambi nangemva kokuba ama-hydrocyclone ethathelwe indawo yi-Derrick Stack Sizer® (bheka Isahluko 8) kusekethe yokugaya (Dündar et al., 2014). Ngokuhambisana nokulindela, uma kuqhathaniswa nesiphepho isikrini sasinokuhlukana okubukhali (umthamo we-curve uphakeme) kanye ne-bypass encane. Ukwanda kwamandla wesekethe yokugaya kubikwe ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuphuka ngemva kokusebenzisa isikrini. Lokhu kwabangelwa ukuqedwa kwe-bypass, kunciphisa inani lezinto ezincane ezithunyelwa emuva ezigayweni zokugaya ezivame ukuvikela imithelela yezinhlayiya nezinhlayiya.
Umfanekiso 9.8. Ama-partition curves eziphepho kanye nezikrini ku-grinding circuit ku-El Brocal concentrator.
(Kuthathwe ku-Dündar et al. (2014))
Nokho, ukushintsha akuyona indlela eyodwa: isibonelo samuva nje ukushintsha kusuka esikrinini kuya esivunguvungwini, ukuze kuzuze ukunciphisa usayizi okwengeziwe kwamaminerali ahlanganisiwe (Sasseville, 2015).
Inqubo kanye nomklamo we-Metallurgical
U-Eoin H. Macdonald, encwadini ethi Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, 2007
Ama-hydrocyclone
Ama-hydrocyclone ayizinithi ezikhethwayo zokulinganisa noma zokunciphisa inani elikhulu le-slurry ngentengo ephansi futhi ngoba athatha isikhala esincane kakhulu phansi noma i-headroom. Asebenza kahle kakhulu uma ephakelwa ngesivinini sokugeleza esilinganayo kanye nobuningi be-pulp futhi asetshenziswa ngawodwana noma ngamaqoqo ukuthola amandla adingekayo aphelele ekuhlukanisweni okudingekayo. Amakhono okulinganisa ancike emandleni e-centrifugal akhiqizwa yijubane lokugeleza okuphezulu kwe-tangential ngokusebenzisa iyunithi. I-vortex eyinhloko eyakhiwe yi-slurry engenayo isebenza ngokuzungeza phansi eduze kodonga lwekhoni yangaphakathi. Izinto eziqinile zikhishwa ngaphandle ngamandla e-centrifugal ukuze njengoba i-pulp isiya phansi ubuningi bayo bukhuphuke. Izingxenye eziqondile zejubane zisebenza phansi eduze kwezindonga zekhoni futhi zikhuphuke eduze kwe-axis. Ingxenye yeslime ehlukanisiwe kancane iphoqelelwa phezulu nge-vortex finder ukuze idlule ngokuvuleka ekugcineni okuphezulu kwekhoni. Indawo ephakathi noma imvilophu phakathi kokugeleza okubili ayinalo ijubane eliqondile futhi ihlukanisa izinto eziqinile ezihamba phansi kusuka ezintweni eziqinile ezihamba phezulu. Inqwaba yokugeleza idlula phezulu ngaphakathi kwe-vortex encane yangaphakathi futhi amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal aphonsa izinhlayiya ezinkulu ezincane ngaphandle ngaleyo ndlela zinikeze ukuhlukaniswa okuphumelelayo kobukhulu obuncane. Lezi zinhlayiya zibuyela ku-vortex yangaphandle futhi zibike futhi ku-jig feed.
I-geometry kanye nezimo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwephethini yokugeleza okujikelezayo kwephethini evamilei-hydrocycloneKuchazwe ku-Fig. 8.13. Izinguquko zokusebenza yi-pulp density, izinga lokugeleza kokudla, izici zezinto eziqinile, ingcindezi yokungena kokudla kanye nokwehla kwengcindezi ngesiphepho. Izinguquko zesiphepho ziyindawo yokungena kokudla, ububanzi nobude be-vortex finder, kanye nobubanzi bokukhishwa kwe-spigot. Inani le-drag coefficient nalo lithintwa yisimo; lapho inhlayiya ihluka kakhulu kusukela ku-sphericity, kulapho isici sayo somumo siba sincane futhi kulapho ukumelana kwayo nokuqina kukhulu khona. Indawo yokucindezeleka ebalulekile ingafinyelela kwezinye izinhlayiya zegolide ezinkulu njengo-200 mm ngobukhulu futhi ukuqapha ngokucophelela inqubo yokuhlela kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukuphinda kusetshenziswe ngokweqile kanye nokwakheka kwama-slime okubangelwa yilokhu. Ngokomlando, lapho kunganakwa kangako ekubuyiselweni kwama-150μNjengoba igolide ligcwele, ukuthwala igolide ezingxenyeni zeslime kubonakala sengathi yikona okubangele kakhulu ukulahlekelwa kwegolide okwabikwa ukuthi kuphakeme ngamaphesenti angama-40–60 emisebenzini eminingi yokubeka igolide.
8.13. I-geometry evamile kanye nezimo zokusebenza kwe-hydrocyclone.
Umfanekiso 8.14 (Ishadi Lokukhetha iWarman) ukukhetha kokuqala kwezishingishane zokuhlukanisa ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene be-D50 kusukela kuma-micron angu-9-18 kuya kuma-micron angu-33-76. Leli shadi, njengakwamanye amashadi anjalo okusebenza kwesishingishane, lisekelwe ekuphekeni okulawulwa ngokucophelela kohlobo oluthile. Lithatha okuqukethwe okuqinile okungu-2,700 kg/m3 emanzini njengesiqondiso sokuqala sokukhetha. Izishingishane ezinkulu ezinobubanzi zisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukuhlukaniswa okuqinile kodwa zidinga amanani aphezulu okuphakelayo ukuze kusebenze kahle. Ukuhlukaniswa okuncane ezinobukhulu obukhulu bokuphakelayo kudinga amaqoqo ezishingishane ezincane ezinobubanzi obusebenza ngokufanayo. Amapharamitha okuklama wokugcina wobukhulu obuseduze kumele anqunywe ngokuhlola, futhi kubalulekile ukukhetha isishingishane esiseduze nobubanzi ukuze noma yikuphi ukulungiswa okuncane okungadingeka kwenziwe ekuqaleni kokusebenza.
8.14. Ishadi lokukhetha lokuqala le-Warman.
Kuthiwa isiphepho i-CBC (circulating bed) sihlukanisa izinto zokudla zegolide ezifika ku-5 mm ububanzi futhi sithola ukudla okuphezulu okuqhubekayo okuvela emanzini angaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuhlukaniswa kwenzeka cishe cisheDAma-micron angu-50/150 asekelwe ku-silica yobuningi obungu-2.65. Kuthiwa ukugeleza kwamanzi kwesiphepho se-CBC kuvunyelwe kakhulu ukuhlukaniswa ngenxa yejika layo lokusatshalaliswa kosayizi elibushelelezi kanye nokususwa cishe okuphelele kwezinhlayiya ezincane. Kodwa-ke, yize lolu hlelo kuthiwa lukhiqiza ukugxila okuyinhloko okuphezulu kwezimbiwa ezisindayo ngesikhathi esisodwa kusuka ekudleni okude kakhulu (isb. izihlabathi zamaminerali), azikho izibalo zokusebenza ezinjalo ezitholakalayo zezinto zokuphakelwa kwe-alluvial eziqukethe igolide elincane neliqhekekile. Ithebula 8.5 linikeza idatha yobuchwepheshe ye-AKWama-hydrocycloneamaphuzu okusika aphakathi kwama-micron angu-30 no-100.
Ithebula 8.5. Idatha yobuchwepheshe yama-hydrocyclone e-AKW
| Uhlobo (KRS) | Ububanzi (mm) | Ukwehla kwengcindezi | Umthamo | Iphuzu lokusika (ama-micron) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Udaka (m3/ihora) | Izinto eziqinile (ubuningi be-t/h). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30–50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11–30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18–60 | 15 | 40–60 |
| (RWN)6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40–140 | 40 | 50–100 |
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokushintsha i-iron ore kanye nokwahlukanisa
A. Jankovic, ku-Iron Ore, 2015
8.3.3.1 Abahlukanisi be-Hydrocyclone
I-hydrocyclone, ebizwa nangokuthi i-cyclone, iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa elisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukusheshisa izinga lokuhlala kwezinhlayiya ze-slurry kanye nezinhlayiya ezihlukene ngokuya ngobukhulu, ukuma, kanye namandla adonsela phansi athile. Isetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yamaminerali, kanti ukusetshenziswa kwayo okuyinhloko ekucubungulweni kwamaminerali kuyindlela yokuhlukanisa, eye yabonakala isebenza kahle kakhulu ngobukhulu bokuhlukanisa okuncane. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emisebenzini yokugaya ese-closed-circuit kodwa ithole ezinye izindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa, njengokususa i-sliming, degritting, kanye nokuqina.
I-hydrocyclone evamile (Isithombe 8.12a) yakhiwa isitsha esinomumo ofana ne-cone, esivulekile esiqongweni saso, noma ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi, esihlanganiswe nesigaba esiyisilinda, esinendawo yokungena yokuphakelayo e-tangential. Ingxenye ephezulu yesigaba esiyisilinda ivaliwe ngepuleti lapho kudlula khona ipayipi lokugcwala elifakwe nge-axial. Ipayipi lelulwa emzimbeni wesiphepho ngesigaba esifushane, esisuswayo esaziwa ngokuthi i-vortex finder, esivimbela ukufinyela kokuphakelayo ngqo ekugcwaleni. Ukudla kwethulwa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokusebenzisa ukungena kwe-tangential, okunikeza ukunyakaza okujikelezayo ku-pulp. Lokhu kudala i-vortex esiphephoni, ene-zone yokucindezela okuphansi eceleni kwe-axis eqondile, njengoba kuboniswe ku-Figure 8.12b. I-air-core ikhula eceleni kwe-axis, evame ukuxhunywa emoyeni ngokuvulwa kwe-apex, kodwa ngokwengxenye idalwe umoya oncibilikisiwe ophuma esixazululweni endaweni yokucindezela okuphansi. Amandla e-centrifugal asheshisa izinga lokuhlala kwezinhlayiya, ngaleyo ndlela ahlukanise izinhlayiya ngokobukhulu, ukuma, kanye namandla adonsela phansi athile. Izinhlayiya ezihlala ngokushesha ziya odongeni lwesiphepho, lapho ijubane liphansi khona, bese ziya ekuvulekeni kwe-apex (underflow). Ngenxa yesenzo samandla okuhudula, izinhlayiya ezihlala kancane ziya endaweni yokucindezela okuphansi eceleni kwe-axis futhi zithwalwa phezulu nge-vortex finder ziye ekuchichimeni.
Umfanekiso 8.12. I-Hydrocyclone (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) kanye nebhethri le-hydrocyclone. Incwajana ye-Cavex hydrocyclone overvew, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
Ama-hydrocyclone asetshenziswa cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba kumasekethe okugaya ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle okulinganiselwe. Angahlukanisa futhi ububanzi obukhulu kakhulu bobukhulu bezinhlayiya (ngokuvamile ama-5–500 μm), amayunithi amancane obubanzi asetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa okuncane. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwesiphepho kumasekethe okugaya ama-magnetite kungabangela ukusebenza okungasebenzi kahle ngenxa yomehluko wobuningi phakathi kwe-magnetite kanye namaminerali angcolile (i-silica). I-Magnetite inobuningi obuthile obungaba ngu-5.15, kuyilapho i-silica inobukhulu obuthile obungaba ngu-2.7.ama-hydrocyclone, amaminerali aminyene ahlukene ngobukhulu obuncane kunamaminerali alula. Ngakho-ke, i-magnetite ekhululiwe igxiliswa ekugelezeni kwesiphepho, okuphumela ekugayweni ngokweqile kwe-magnetite. UNapier-Munn et al. (2005) baphawule ukuthi ubudlelwano phakathi kosayizi olungisiwe wokusika (d50c) kanye nobuningi bezinhlayiya kulandela ukubonakaliswa kwesimo esilandelayo kuye ngezimo zokugeleza nezinye izici:
kuphiρs ubuningi bezinto eziqinile,ρl yi-liquid density, futhiniphakathi kuka-0.5 no-1.0. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umphumela wobuningi bamaminerali ekusebenzeni kwesiphepho ungaba mkhulu kakhulu. Isibonelo, umadAma-50c e-magnetite angama-25 μm, bese kubadAma-50c ezinhlayiya ze-silica azoba ngu-40–65 μm. Isithombe 8.13 sibonisa ama-curve okusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwe-cyclone kwe-magnetite (Fe3O4) kanye ne-silica (SiO2) atholwe ekuhlolweni kwesekethe yokugaya i-magnetite yezimboni. Ukuhlukaniswa kosayizi we-silica kukhulu kakhulu, kune-d50c ye-Fe3O4 engama-29 μm, kanti eye-SiO2 ingu-68 μm. Ngenxa yalesi simo, izigayo zokugaya ze-magnetite kumasekethe avaliwe anama-hydrocyclones azisebenzi kahle futhi zinamandla aphansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izifunda zokugaya ze-base metalore.
Isithombe 8.13. Ukusebenza kahle kwesiphepho se-magnetite Fe3O4 kanye ne-silica SiO2—ucwaningo lwezimboni.
Ubuchwepheshe Benqubo Yokucindezela Okuphezulu: Izisekelo kanye Nezicelo
I-MJ Cocero PhD, ku-Industrial Chemistry Library, 2001
Amadivayisi okuhlukanisa izinto eziqinile
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I-Hydrocyclone
Lena enye yezinhlobo ezilula kakhulu zokuhlukanisa izinto eziqinile. Iyithuluzi lokuhlukanisa elisebenza kahle kakhulu futhi lingasetshenziswa ukususa izinto eziqinile ngempumelelo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu kanye nokucindezela. Liyabiza ngoba alinazo izingxenye ezihambayo futhi alidingi ukulungiswa okuningi.
Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwezinto eziqinile kuwumsebenzi oqinile wobukhulu bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okugcwele okuseduze no-80% kuyatholakala ku-silica kanye namazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-300°C, kuyilapho kusezingeni elifanayo lokushisa, ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa okugcwele kwezinhlayiya ze-zircon ezixineneyo kungaphezu kuka-99% [29].
Ukukhubazeka okuyinhloko kokusebenza kwe-hydrocyclone ukuthambekela kwamanye ama-salts okunamathela ezindongeni zesiphepho.
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Ukuhlunga okuncane okuphambene
Izihlungi zokugeleza kwamanzi ziziphatha ngendlela efana naleyo evame ukubonwa ekuhlungeni kokugeleza kwamanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezizungezile: amazinga okukhula kokucheba kanye nokuncipha kokuqina koketshezi kuholela enanini elikhulayo lokuhlunga. Ukuhlunga kwamanzi amancane kusetshenziswe ekuhlukaniseni usawoti ovukile njengezinto eziqinile, okunikeza ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlayiya ngokuvamile kudlula u-99.9%.nabanye.[30] bafunde ukuhlukaniswa kwe-sodium nitrate emanzini abucayi. Ngaphansi kwezimo zocwaningo, i-sodium nitrate yayikhona njengosawoti oncibilikisiwe futhi yayikwazi ukuwela isihlungi. Ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kwatholakala okwahlukahluka ngokushisa, njengoba ukuncibilika kwehla njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, eliphakathi kuka-40% no-85%, ku-400 °C no-470 °C, ngokulandelana. Laba basebenzi bachaze indlela yokuhlukanisa njengomphumela wokuvuleka okuhlukile kwe-filtering medium kuya esixazululweni esibucayi, ngokungafani nosawoti oncibilikisiwe, ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kwawo okucacile. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka hhayi nje ukuhlunga usawoti ovukile njengezinto eziqinile kodwa futhi nokuhlunga lawo sawoti aphansi okuncibilikisiwe asesimweni esincibilikisiwe.
Izinkinga zokusebenza zazibangelwa kakhulu ukugqwala kwesihlungi yizinsalela.
Iphepha: Ukuvuselela Nokusebenzisa Izinto Ezisetshenzisiwe
UMnu. Doshi, JM Dyer, ku-Reference Module ku-Materials Science kanye ne-Materials Engineering, 2016
3.3 Ukuhlanza
Abahlanzi nomaama-hydrocyclonesusa ukungcola ku-pulp ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kobuningi phakathi kokungcola namanzi. Lawa madivayisi aqukethe isitsha sokucindezela esiyindilinga noma esiyindilinga-esiyindilinga lapho i-pulp iphakelwa khona ngendlela ethambile ekugcineni kobubanzi obukhulu (Isithombe 6). Ngesikhathi sokudlula endaweni yokuhlanza, i-pulp ithuthukisa iphethini yokugeleza kwe-vortex, efana neyesiphepho. Ukugeleza kujikeleza kuzungeze i-axis ephakathi njengoba kudlula endaweni yokungena kuya phezulu, noma ekuvulekeni kokugeleza okungaphansi, ngaphakathi kodonga lokuhlanza. Ijubane lokugeleza elijikelezayo liyashesha njengoba ububanzi bekhoni buncipha. Eduze kokuphela kwe-apex ukuvuleka okuncane kobubanzi kuvimbela ukukhishwa kokugeleza okuningi okujika ku-vortex yangaphakathi enkabeni yokuhlanza. Ukugeleza enkabeni yangaphakathi kugeleza kusuka ekuvulekeni kwe-apex kuze kube yilapho kuphuma nge-vortex finder, etholakala ekugcineni kobubanzi obukhulu enkabeni yokuhlanza. Izinto ezixinene kakhulu, njengoba zigxile odongeni lokuhlanza ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal, zikhishwa phezulu kwekhoni (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Umfanekiso 6. Izingxenye ze-hydrocyclone, amaphethini amakhulu okugeleza kanye nemikhuba yokuhlukana.
Izihlanzi zihlukaniswa njengezinobukhulu obuphezulu, obuphakathi, noma obuphansi kuye ngokuthi zingakanani izinhlanzi ezisuswayo. Isihlanzi esinobukhulu obuphezulu, esinobubanzi obusukela ku-15 kuya ku-50 cm (6–20 in) sisetshenziselwa ukususa insimbi ethambile, iziqeshana zamaphepha, kanye nezisekelo futhi ngokuvamile sibekwa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-pulper. Njengoba ububanzi besihlanzi buncipha, ukusebenza kahle kwaso ekususeni izinhlanzi ezincane kuyanda. Ngezizathu ezingokoqobo nezomnotho, isiphepho esingu-75-mm (3 in) ububanzi ngokuvamile siyihlanzi esincane kunazo zonke esisetshenziswa embonini yamaphepha.
Izihlanzi ezibuyela emuva kanye nezihlanzi ezidlulayo zenzelwe ukususa ukungcola okuphansi njengo-wax, i-polystyrene, kanye nezinamathelayo. Izihlanzi ezibuyela emuva zibizwa kanjalo ngoba umfudlana ovumayo uqoqwa phezulu kwesihlanzi kuyilapho izinqamuleli ziphuma lapho kugcwala khona amanzi. Esihlanzini esidlulayo, izinqamuleli ezivumayo nezinqabayo ziphuma ekugcineni okufanayo kwesihlanzi, lapho izinqamuleli eziseduze nodonga lwesihlanzi zihlukaniswe nezinqamuleli yipayipi eliphakathi eduze kwengaphakathi lesihlanzi, njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 7.
Umfanekiso 7. Ama-schematics esihlanzi sokugeleza kwamanzi.
Ama-centrifuge aqhubekayo asetshenziswa ngawo-1920 nawo-1930 ukususa isihlabathi ebhodleleni ayekwa ngemva kokuthuthukiswa kwama-hydrocyclones. I-Gyroclean, eyasungulwa e-Centre Technique du Papier, eGrenoble, eFrance, yakhiwe yisilinda ejikeleza ngo-1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhathi eside sokuhlala kanye namandla aphezulu e-centrifugal kuvumela ukungcola okuphansi isikhathi esanele sokuthuthela enkabeni yesihlanzi lapho kwenqatshwa khona ngokukhishwa kwe-vortex ephakathi.
MT Thew, ku-Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000
Isifinyezo
Nakuba okuqinile-uketshezii-hydrocycloneNjengoba sekusungulwe cishe ingxenye enkulu yekhulu lama-20, ukusebenza okwanelisayo kokuhlukaniswa koketshezi noketshezi akuzange kufike kwaze kwaba ngawo-1980. Imboni kawoyela yasogwini yayinesidingo semishini emincane, eqinile nethembekile yokususa uwoyela ongcolile ohlukaniswe kahle emanzini. Lesi sidingo saneliswa uhlobo oluhlukile kakhulu lwe-hydrocyclone, olwalungenazo izingxenye ezihambayo.
Ngemva kokuchaza lesi sidingo ngokugcwele nokusiqhathanisa nokuhlukaniswa kwe-cyclonic okuqinile-okuwuketshezi ekucutshungulweni kwamaminerali, izinzuzo ezinikezwe yi-hydrocyclone ngezinhlobo zemishini efakwe ngaphambilini ukuze ihlangabezane nomsebenzi ziyanikezwa.
Izindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza kokuhlukaniswa zibhalwe ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokusebenza ngokwesakhiwo sokudla, ukulawula komqhubi kanye namandla adingekayo, okungukuthi umkhiqizo wokwehla kwengcindezi kanye nesivinini sokugeleza.
Indawo yokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli ibeka imingcele ethile yezinto zokwakha futhi lokhu kufaka phakathi inkinga yokuguguleka kwezinhlayiya. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo ezivamile zishiwo. Idatha yezindleko ezihlobene zezinhlobo zesitshalo sokuhlukanisa uwoyela, kokubili imali kanye nokuphindaphinda, ichaziwe, yize imithombo imbalwa. Okokugcina, ezinye izinkomba zentuthuko eyengeziwe zichazwe, njengoba imboni kawoyela ibheka imishini efakwe ogwini lolwandle noma ngisho nangaphansi komgodi womthombo.
Ukusampula, Ukulawula, kanye Nokulinganisela Okukhulu
UBarry A. Wills, uJames A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., ku-Wills' Mineral Processing Technology (Uhlelo Lwesishiyagalombili), 2016
3.7.1 Ukusetshenziswa Kosayizi Wezinhlayiya
Amayunithi amaningi, njengeama-hydrocyclonekanye nabahlukanisi bamandla adonsela phansi, bakhiqiza izinga lokuhlukaniswa kosayizi futhi idatha yosayizi wezinhlayiya ingasetshenziswa ekulinganiseni isisindo (Isibonelo 3.15).
Isibonelo 3.15 siyisibonelo sokunciphisa ukungalingani kwama-node; sinikeza, isibonelo, inani lokuqala lokunciphisa izikwele ezincane ezijwayelekile. Le ndlela yokuhlela ingasetshenziswa noma nini lapho kunedatha yezingxenye "ezeqile"; kuSibonelo 3.9 kungenzeka ukuthi isetshenzisiwe.
Isibonelo 3.15 sisebenzisa isishingishane njenge-node. I-node yesibili yi-sump: lesi yisibonelo sezinto ezimbili ezifakiwe (ukudla okusha kanye nokukhishwa kwe-ball mill) kanye nokukhipha okukodwa (ukudla kwesishingishane). Lokhu kunikeza enye ibhalansi yesisindo (Isibonelo 3.16).
ESahlukweni 9 sibuyela kulesi sibonelo sesekethe yokugaya sisebenzisa idatha elungisiwe ukuze kutholakale ijika lokuhlukanisa isivunguvungu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-07-2019