Ma hydrocyclones

Kufotokozera

Ma hydrocyclonesali ndi mawonekedwe a cono-cylindrical, okhala ndi malo olowera chakudya ozungulira mu gawo la cylindrical ndi malo otulukira pa axis iliyonse. Malo otulukira mu gawo la cylindrical amatchedwa vortex finder ndipo amafikira mu cyclone kuti achepetse kuyenda kwafupipafupi kuchokera ku malo olowera. Kumapeto kwa conical pali malo otulukira achiwiri, spigot. Pakulekanitsa kukula, malo onse awiri nthawi zambiri amakhala otseguka kumlengalenga. Ma hydrocyclones nthawi zambiri amayendetsedwa molunjika ndi spigot kumapeto otsika, motero chinthu cholimba chimatchedwa underflow ndi chinthu chosalala, ndikusiya vortex finder, overflow. Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa momveka bwino momwe kayendedwe ka madzi ndi kapangidwe kake kamadzimadzi wambahydrocyclone: ma vortice awiri, malo olowera chakudya cha tangential ndi malo otulukira mpweya a axial. Kupatula dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi malo olowera mpweya a tangential, kayendedwe ka madzi mkati mwa chimphepo chamkuntho kamakhala ndi ma radial symmetry. Ngati malo otulukira mpweya amodzi kapena onse awiri ali otseguka kumlengalenga, dera lotsika la kuthamanga kwa mpweya limayambitsa pakati pa mpweya motsatira mzere wowongoka, mkati mwa vortex yamkati.

Mfundo yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yosavuta: madzi, omwe amanyamula tinthu tomwe timayimitsidwa, amalowa mu chimphepo chamkuntho mozungulira, amazungulira pansi ndikupanga munda wa centrifugal mu kayendedwe ka vortex yaulere. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono timene timadutsa mumadzimadzi kupita kunja kwa chimphepo chamkuntho mozungulira, ndikutuluka mu spigot ndi gawo la madzi. Chifukwa cha malo oletsa a spigot, vortex yamkati, yozungulira mbali yomweyo ndi vortex yakunja koma ikuyenda mmwamba, imakhazikika ndikusiya chimphepo chamkuntho kudzera mu chopezera vortex, kunyamula madzi ambiri ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Ngati mphamvu ya spigot yapitirira, pakati pa mpweya imatsekedwa ndipo kutulutsa kwa spigot kumasintha kuchoka pa kupopera kooneka ngati ambulera kukhala 'chingwe' ndikutayika kwa zinthu zokhuthala kupita ku kusefukira.

M'mimba mwake mwa gawo lozungulira ndiye chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe tingapatulidwe, ngakhale kuti milingo ya malo otulukira imatha kusinthidwa payokha kuti isinthe kusiyana komwe kwapezeka. Ngakhale kuti ogwira ntchito oyambirira anayesa ndi ma cyclone ang'onoang'ono ngati 5 mm m'mimba mwake, milingo ya hydrocyclone yamalonda pakadali pano imayambira pa 10 mm mpaka 2.5 m, ndi kukula kolekanitsa kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 2700 kg m−3 ya 1.5–300 μm, kutsika ndi kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa ntchito kumayambira pa 10 bar ya milingo yaying'ono mpaka 0.5 bar ya mayunitsi akuluakulu. Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu, zingapo zazing'onoma hydrocyclonesikhoza kugawidwa kuchokera ku mzere umodzi wodyetsa.

Ngakhale kuti mfundo yogwirira ntchito ndi yosavuta, mbali zambiri za ntchito yawo sizikumveka bwino, ndipo kusankha ndi kulosera za hydrocyclone pa ntchito zamafakitale ndi nkhani yongopeka.

Kugawa

Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu Ukadaulo Wokonza Mineral wa Wills (Kope Lachisanu ndi chitatu), 2016

9.4.3 Ma Hydrocyclones Mosiyana ndi Zowonetsera

Ma hydrocyclone ayamba kutchuka kwambiri pochita zinthu ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono m'ma closed grinding circuits (<200 µm). Komabe, zomwe zachitika posachedwapa mu ukadaulo wa screen technology (Chaputala 8) zayambitsa chidwi chogwiritsa ntchito screen mu grinding circuits. Screens zimasiyana malinga ndi kukula kwake ndipo sizimakhudzidwa mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa ma feed minerals. Izi zitha kukhala zabwino. Screens zilibenso bypass fraction, ndipo monga momwe Chitsanzo 9.2 chasonyezera, bypass ikhoza kukhala yayikulu kwambiri (yoposa 30% pankhaniyi). Chithunzi 9.8 chikuwonetsa chitsanzo cha kusiyana kwa ma partition curve a cyclone ndi screens. Deta ikuchokera ku El Brocal concentrator ku Peru ndi kuwunika komwe ma hydrocyclone asanalowe m'malo ndi Derrick Stack Sizer® (onani Chaputala 8) mu grinding circuit (Dündar et al., 2014). Mogwirizana ndi zomwe zinkayembekezeredwa, poyerekeza ndi cyclone, screen inali ndi learning strength (slope of curve ndi yayikulu) komanso pang'ono bypass. Kuwonjezeka kwa grinding circuit capacity kunanenedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma breakage pambuyo poyika screen. Izi zinatheka chifukwa cha kuchotsa njira yodutsa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zabwino zomwe zimatumizidwa ku mphero zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'onoting'ono tigwire ntchito.

Komabe, kusintha si njira imodzi: chitsanzo chaposachedwa ndi kusintha kuchokera pa sikirini kupita ku chimphepo chamkuntho, kuti mugwiritse ntchito mwayi wochepetsa kukula kwa michere yowonjezera ya payminerals (Sasseville, 2015).

Njira ndi kapangidwe ka zitsulo

Eoin H. Macdonald, mu Buku Lophunzitsira ndi Kufufuza Zagolide, 2007

Ma hydrocyclones

Ma hydrocyclones ndi mayunitsi omwe amakondedwa kwambiri poyesa kukula kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa matope akuluakulu pamtengo wotsika komanso chifukwa amakhala ndi malo ochepa pansi kapena mutu. Amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri akadyetsedwa pamlingo wofanana wa kuyenda ndi kuchuluka kwa pulp ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito payekhapayekha kapena m'magulu kuti apeze mphamvu zonse zomwe amafunikira pa magawo ofunikira. Mphamvu zoyezera zimadalira mphamvu za centrifugal zomwe zimapangidwa ndi liwiro lalikulu la kuyenda kudzera mu unit. Vortex yoyamba yomwe imapangidwa ndi matope obwera imagwira ntchito mozungulira pansi mozungulira khoma lamkati la makona. Zolimba zimaponyedwa kunja ndi mphamvu ya centrifugal kotero kuti pamene pulp ikuyenda pansi kuchuluka kwake kumawonjezeka. Zigawo zoyima za liwiro zimagwira ntchito pansi pafupi ndi makoma a makona ndikukwera mmwamba pafupi ndi mzere. Gawo la matope lochepa kwambiri lomwe limalekanitsidwa ndi centrifugation limakakamizika kupita mmwamba kudzera mu vortex finder kuti lidutse kudzera potseguka kumapeto kwa makona. Malo apakati kapena envelopu pakati pa maulendo awiriwa ali ndi liwiro loyima lopanda zero ndipo amalekanitsa zolimba zolimba zomwe zikuyenda pansi kuchokera ku zolimba zazing'ono zomwe zikuyenda mmwamba. Kuchuluka kwa madzi kumadutsa mmwamba mkati mwa vortex yaying'ono yamkati ndipo mphamvu zapamwamba za centrifugal zimataya tinthu tating'ono ...

Maonekedwe ndi momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito mkati mwa dongosolo la kayendedwe ka spiral la chizolowezihydrocyclonezafotokozedwa mu Chithunzi 8.13. Zosintha zogwirira ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwa pulp, kuchuluka kwa chakudya, mawonekedwe olimba, kuthamanga kwa malo olowera chakudya ndi kutsika kwa kuthamanga kudzera mu chimphepo. Zosintha za chimphepo ndi malo olowera chakudya, kukula kwa vortex finder ndi kutalika, ndi kukula kwa spigot discharge. Mtengo wa drag coefficient umakhudzidwanso ndi mawonekedwe; tinthu tikakhala tosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku sphericity, mawonekedwe ake amakhala ochepa komanso kukana kwake kukhazikika kumakhala kwakukulu. Malo opsinjika kwambiri amatha kufikira tinthu tagolide tomwe ndi kukula kwa 200 mm ndipo kuyang'anira mosamala njira yogawa ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kubwezeretsanso kwambiri komanso kuchuluka kwa matope. M'mbuyomu, pamene chisamaliro chochepa sichinaperekedwe pakubwezeretsa kwa 150μM golidi, kunyamula golide m'zigawo za slime kumawoneka kuti ndi komwe kunayambitsa kutayika kwa golide komwe kunalembedwa kuti kunali kokwera kufika pa 40–60% m'magawo ambiri oika golide.

Chithunzi 8.14 (Tchati cha Kusankha kwa Warman) ndi kusankha koyambirira kwa ma cyclone olekanitsa pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya D50 kuyambira ma microns 9-18 mpaka ma microns 33-76. Tchatichi, monga momwe zilili ndi ma chart ena otere a momwe ma cyclone amagwirira ntchito, chimachokera pa chakudya cholamulidwa mosamala cha mtundu winawake. Chimaganiza kuti pali zinthu zolimba za 2,700 kg/m3 m'madzi ngati chitsogozo choyamba cha kusankha. Ma cyclone akuluakulu okhala ndi mainchesi amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga magawano okhwima koma amafuna ma feed ambiri kuti agwire ntchito moyenera. Magawano ochepa okhala ndi ma feed ambiri amafuna magulu a ma cyclone ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mainchesi awiri omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi. Ma parameter omaliza a kapangidwe ka kukula koyandikira ayenera kutsimikiziridwa mwa kuyesa, ndipo ndikofunikira kusankha cyclone pakati pa range kuti kusintha kulikonse kochepa komwe kungafunike kuchitike poyambira ntchito.

Akuti chimphepo cha CBC (circulating bed) chimagawa zinthu zopangira golide wa alluvial mpaka 5 mm m'mimba mwake ndipo chimapeza chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse kuchokera pansi pa madzi. Kulekanitsidwa kumachitika pafupifupi nthawi imodzi.DMa microns 50/150 kutengera kuchuluka kwa silika 2.65. Kuchuluka kwa chimphepo cha CBC kumanenedwa kuti ndikosavuta kugawa chifukwa cha kukula kwake kosalala komanso kuchotsa kwathunthu tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zinyalala. Komabe, ngakhale kuti dongosololi likuti limapanga mchere wolemera kwambiri womwe umapezeka nthawi imodzi kuchokera ku chakudya chamtundu wautali (monga mchenga wamchere), palibe ziwerengero za magwiridwe antchito otere zomwe zilipo pazinthu zodyetsera za alluvial zomwe zili ndi golide wosalala komanso wosalala. Gome 8.5 limapereka zambiri zaukadaulo za AKWma hydrocycloneskwa malo odulira pakati pa ma microns 30 ndi 100.

Gome 8.5. Deta yaukadaulo ya ma hydrocyclone a AKW

Mtundu (KRS)	M'mimba mwake (mm)	Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi	Kutha		Malo odulira (ma micron)
Mtundu (KRS)	M'mimba mwake (mm)	Kutsika kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi	Dothi lonyowa (m3/ola)	Zolimba (t/h max).	Malo odulira (ma micron)
2118	100	1–2.5	9.27	5	30–50
2515	125	1–2.5	11–30	6	25–45
4118	200	0.7–2.0	18–60	15	40–60
(RWN)6118	300	0.5–1.5	40–140	40	50–100

Kukula kwa ukadaulo wogawa ndi kugawa miyala yachitsulo

A. Jankovic, mu Iron Ore, 2015

8.3.3.1 Olekanitsa a Hydrocyclone

Hydrocyclone, yomwe imatchedwanso kuti cyclone, ndi chipangizo chogawa magulu chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya centrifugal kuti chifulumizitse kuchuluka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta slurry ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalekanitsidwa malinga ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mphamvu yokoka. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mchere, ndipo ntchito yake yayikulu pakukonza mchere ndi monga chogawa, chomwe chakhala chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri pakukula kocheperako. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogaya zinthu koma yapeza ntchito zina zambiri, monga desliming, degritting, ndi thickening.

Hydrocyclone wamba (Chithunzi 8.12a) imakhala ndi chotengera chooneka ngati cone, chotseguka pamwamba pake, kapena pansi pake, cholumikizidwa ku gawo lozungulira, lomwe lili ndi malo olowera chakudya ozungulira. Pamwamba pa gawo lozungulira limatsekedwa ndi mbale yomwe imadutsa chitoliro chodzaza madzi chokhazikika pa axial. Chitolirocho chimatambasulidwa kulowa m'thupi la chimphepocho ndi gawo lalifupi, lochotseka lotchedwa vortex finder, lomwe limaletsa kufupika kwa chakudya mwachindunji mu kuchuluka kwa madzi. Chakudyacho chimalowetsedwa pansi pa kupanikizika kudzera mu kulowa kwa tangential, komwe kumapangitsa kuyenda kozungulira kupita ku zamkati. Izi zimapanga vortex mu chimphepocho, ndi malo opanikizika pang'ono motsatira mzere wowongoka, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 8.12b. Pakati pa mpweya pamakhala motsatira mzere, nthawi zambiri wolumikizidwa ndi mlengalenga kudzera mu kutsegula pamwamba, koma pang'ono umapangidwa ndi mpweya wosungunuka womwe umatuluka mu yankho m'dera lopanikizika pang'ono. Mphamvu ya centrifugal imafulumizitsa liwiro lokhazikika kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, motero imalekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono malinga ndi kukula, mawonekedwe, ndi mphamvu yokoka yeniyeni. Tinthu tomwe timakhazikika mofulumira timapita kukhoma la chimphepo chamkuntho, komwe liwiro lake limakhala lotsika kwambiri, ndipo timasamukira ku malo otseguka pamwamba (pansi pa madzi). Chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka, tinthu tomwe timakhazikika pang'onopang'ono timapita kudera la kupanikizika kochepa motsatira mzere ndipo timanyamulidwa mmwamba kudzera mu chopezera vortex kupita ku overflow.

Ma hydrocyclone amagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupifupi padziko lonse lapansi pogaya ma circuits chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito ake. Amathanso kugawidwa m'magulu osiyanasiyana a tinthu tating'onoting'ono (nthawi zambiri 5–500 μm), tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya bwino. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito ma cyclone m'ma circuits ogaya ma magnetite kungayambitse kusagwira ntchito bwino chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kuchulukana pakati pa magnetite ndi zinyalala (silika). Magnetite ili ndi kuchulukana kwapadera kwa pafupifupi 5.15, pomwe silika ili ndi kuchulukana kwapadera kwa pafupifupi 2.7.ma hydrocyclones, mchere wokhuthala umasiyana pamlingo wodulidwa bwino kuposa mchere wopepuka. Chifukwa chake, magnetite yomasulidwa ikuwunjikana mu mphepo yamkuntho, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magnetite iphwanyike kwambiri. Napier-Munn et al. (2005) adawona kuti ubale pakati pa kukula kodulidwa koyenera (d50c) ndipo kuchuluka kwa tinthu timeneti kumatsatira mawonekedwe otsatirawa kutengera momwe kayendedwe ka madzi kakuyendera komanso zinthu zina:

d50c∝ρs−ρl−n

kutiρs ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zolimba,ρl ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi, ndiponili pakati pa 0.5 ndi 1.0. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa mchere m'nthaka kumatha kukhala kofunikira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngatid50c ya magnetite ndi 25 μm, kenakod50c ya tinthu ta silika tidzakhala 40–65 μm. Chithunzi 8.13 chikuwonetsa ma curve a cyclone classification efficiency a magnetite (Fe3O4) ndi silika (SiO2) omwe adapezeka kuchokera ku kafukufuku wa magnetite grinding circuit ya industrial ball mill. Kulekanitsidwa kwa kukula kwa silika ndi kwakukulu kwambiri, ndid50c ya Fe3O4 ya 29 μm, pomwe ya SiO2 ndi 68 μm. Chifukwa cha izi, ma magnetite grinding mills m'ma closed circuits okhala ndi hydrocyclones sagwira ntchito bwino ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa poyerekeza ndi ma base metalore grinding circuits ena.

Ukadaulo wa Njira Yopanikizika Kwambiri: Zoyambira ndi Ntchito

MJ Cocero PhD, mu Laibulale ya Zamankhwala Zamakampani, 2001

Zipangizo zolekanitsa zolimba

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Hydrocyclone

Iyi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yosavuta kwambiri ya zolekanitsa zolimba. Ndi chipangizo cholekanitsa chogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ndipo chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchotsa zolimba bwino kutentha kwambiri komanso kupsinjika. Ndi yotsika mtengo chifukwa ilibe ziwalo zosuntha ndipo siifuna kukonza kwambiri.

Kugawa bwino zinthu zolimba kumadalira kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kutentha. Kugawa bwino zinthu pafupifupi 80% kumapezeka pa silika ndi kutentha kopitilira 300°C, pomwe kutentha komweko, kugawa bwino zinthu zolimba kwambiri pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta zircon kumakhala kopitilira 99% [29].

Vuto lalikulu la ntchito ya hydrocyclone ndi chizolowezi cha mchere wina kumamatira ku makoma a chimphepo chamkuntho.

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Kusefera pang'ono kwa mtanda

Zosefera zodutsa madzi zimachita mofanana ndi zomwe zimawonedwa nthawi zambiri mu kusefera madzi m'malo ozungulira: kuchuluka kwa kucheka kwa madzi ndi kuchepa kwa kukhuthala kwa madzi kumapangitsa kuti chiwerengero cha zosefera chiwonjezeke. Kusefera madzi m'malo ozungulira kwagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa mchere wokhazikika ngati zinthu zolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a tinthu tating'onoting'ono azipitirira 99.9%.ndi ena.[30] adaphunzira kulekanitsa sodium nitrate ndi madzi ofunikira kwambiri. Malinga ndi momwe kafukufukuyu adakhalira, sodium nitrate inalipo ngati mchere wosungunuka ndipo inali yokhoza kudutsa fyuluta. Kusiyanitsa bwino kunapezeka komwe kunasintha malinga ndi kutentha, popeza kusungunuka kumachepa pamene kutentha kukukwera, kuyambira 40% mpaka 85%, kwa 400 °C ndi 470 °C, motsatana. Ogwira ntchitowa adafotokoza njira yolekanitsira chifukwa cha kufalikira kwapadera kwa njira yosefera kupita ku yankho lofunikira kwambiri, mosiyana ndi mchere wosungunuka, kutengera kukhuthala kwawo koonekera bwino. Chifukwa chake, sizingatheke osati kusefa mchere wokhazikika ngati zinthu zolimba zokha komanso kusefa mchere wotsika womwe uli mu mkhalidwe wosungunuka.

Mavuto ogwirira ntchito anali makamaka chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa fyuluta ndi mchere.

Pepala: Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu ndi Zipangizo Zobwezerezedwanso

MR Doshi, JM Dyer, mu Reference Module mu Sayansi ya Zipangizo ndi Uinjiniya wa Zipangizo, 2016

3.3 Kuyeretsa

Oyeretsa kapenama hydrocyclonesChotsani zodetsa kuchokera ku pulp kutengera kusiyana kwa kuchuluka kwa zodetsa ndi madzi. Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi chotengera champhamvu cha conical kapena cylindrical-conical chomwe pulp imalowetsedwamo mozungulira kumapeto kwa diameter yayikulu (Chithunzi 6). Pakudutsa mu chotsukira, pulp imapanga mawonekedwe oyenda a vortex, ofanana ndi a chimphepo chamkuntho. Kuyenda kumazungulira mozungulira mzere wapakati pamene kumadutsa kuchokera ku cholowera kupita pamwamba, kapena kutsegula kwa pansi, mkati mwa khoma lotsukira. Kuthamanga kwa kuyenda kumathamanga pamene kukula kwa cone kumachepa. Pafupi ndi kumapeto kwa ahead, kutsegula kwaching'ono kwa diameter kumaletsa kutuluka kwa madzi ambiri omwe m'malo mwake amazungulira mu vortex yamkati pakati pa chotsukira. Kuyenda kwa madzi mkati kumatuluka kuchokera ku kutsegula kwa ahead mpaka kutuluka kudzera mu chopeza vortex, chomwe chili kumapeto kwa diameter yayikulu pakati pa chotsukira. Zinthu zodetsa kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala zokhazikika pakhoma la chotsukira chifukwa cha mphamvu ya centrifugal, zimatulutsidwa pamwamba pa cone (Bliss, 1994, 1997).

Oyeretsa amagawidwa m'magulu aatali, apakati, kapena otsika kutengera kuchuluka ndi kukula kwa zodetsa zomwe zikuchotsedwa. Chotsukira champhamvu kwambiri, chokhala ndi mainchesi kuyambira 15 mpaka 50 cm (6–20 in) chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa zitsulo zotayira, mapepala odulidwa, ndi zinthu zina ndipo nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa chotsukira. Pamene kukula kwa chotsukira kumachepa, mphamvu yake pochotsa zodetsa zazing'ono imawonjezeka. Pazifukwa zomveka komanso zachuma, chimphepo champhamvu cha 75-mm (3 in) m'mimba mwake nthawi zambiri chimakhala chotsukira chaching'ono kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga mapepala.

Otsukira obwerera m'mbuyo ndi otsukira odutsa madzi apangidwa kuti achotse zinthu zodetsa monga sera, polystyrene, ndi zomatira. Otsukira obwerera m'mbuyo amatchedwa choncho chifukwa mtsinje wolandira umasonkhanitsidwa pamwamba pa chotsukira pomwe okana amatuluka akadzaza madzi. Mu chotsukira chodutsa madzi, olandira ndi okana amatuluka kumapeto komweko kwa chotsukira, ndipo olandira pafupi ndi khoma loyeretsa amalekanitsidwa ndi okana ndi chubu chapakati pafupi ndi pakati pa chotsukira, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 7.

Ma centrifuge osalekeza omwe ankagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka za m'ma 1920 ndi 1930 kuchotsa mchenga m'madzi anasiya kugwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo poti ma hydrocyclones apangidwa. Gyroclean, yomwe idapangidwa ku Centre Technique du Papier, Grenoble, France, ili ndi silinda yomwe imazungulira pa 1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Kuphatikiza kwa nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya centrifugal kumalola zinthu zodetsa zochepa kukhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yosamukira pakati pa chotsukira komwe zimakanidwa kudzera mu mpweya wapakati.

MT Thew, mu Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000

Chidule

Ngakhale kuti cholimba ndi madzihydrocyclonePopeza yakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri za m'ma 1900, kusiyana kwa madzi ndi madzi sikunatheke mpaka m'ma 1980. Makampani opanga mafuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja anali ndi kufunika kwa zida zazing'ono, zolimba komanso zodalirika zochotsera mafuta odetsedwa m'madzi ogawanika bwino. Kufunika kumeneku kunakwaniritsidwa ndi mtundu wosiyana kwambiri wa hydrocyclone, womwe unalibe ziwalo zosuntha.

Pambuyo pofotokoza kufunika kumeneku mokwanira ndikuyerekeza ndi kulekanitsa kwa cyclonic yolimba ndi madzi pokonza mchere, ubwino womwe hydrocyclone idapereka pa mitundu ya zida zomwe zidayikidwa kale kuti zikwaniritse ntchitoyo waperekedwa.

Njira zowunikira magwiridwe antchito pakati pa anthu zalembedwa kale musanakambirane za magwiridwe antchito malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chakudya, kuwongolera kwa wogwiritsa ntchito komanso mphamvu zomwe zimafunika, mwachitsanzo, zotsatira za kuchepa kwa kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi.

Malo opangira mafuta amaika zoletsa zina pa zipangizo ndipo izi zikuphatikizapo vuto la kukokoloka kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zatchulidwa. Deta yokhudzana ndi mtengo wa mitundu ya fakitale yolekanitsa mafuta, yonse yayikulu komanso yobwerezabwereza, yafotokozedwa, ngakhale kuti magwero ndi ochepa. Pomaliza, mfundo zina zopititsira patsogolo zafotokozedwa, pamene makampani opanga mafuta akuyang'ana zida zomwe zayikidwa pansi pa nyanja kapena pansi pa chitsime.

Kusankha Zitsanzo, Kulamulira, ndi Kulinganiza Zinthu Zambiri

Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu Ukadaulo Wokonza Mineral wa Wills (Kope Lachisanu ndi chitatu), 2016

3.7.1 Kugwiritsa Ntchito Kukula kwa Tinthu

Mayunitsi ambiri, mongama hydrocyclonesndi zolekanitsa mphamvu yokoka, zimapanga kusiyana kwa kukula ndipo deta ya kukula kwa tinthu ingagwiritsidwe ntchito polinganiza kuchuluka kwa zinthu (Chitsanzo 3.15).

Chitsanzo 3.15 ndi chitsanzo cha kuchepetsa kusalingana kwa ma node; mwachitsanzo, chimapereka, mtengo woyambirira wa kuchepetsa ma square ochepa kwambiri. Njira yojambula iyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi iliyonse pamene pali deta "yochulukirapo" ya zigawo; mu Chitsanzo 3.9 ikanagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Chitsanzo 3.15 chimagwiritsa ntchito chimphepo chamkuntho ngati node. Node yachiwiri ndi sump: iyi ndi chitsanzo cha zolowetsa ziwiri (chakudya chatsopano ndi kutulutsa kwa mpira) ndi chotulutsa chimodzi (chakudya cha chimphepo chamkuntho). Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulinganiza kwina kwa mass (Chitsanzo 3.16).

Mu Chaputala 9 tikubwerera ku chitsanzo ichi cha dera lopukutira pogwiritsa ntchito deta yosinthidwa kuti tidziwe momwe chimphepo chimagawira.

Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-07-2019