Ruwan iskar gas

Bayani

Ruwan iskar gasSuna da siffar cono-cylindrical, tare da hanyar shiga abinci mai tangential zuwa sashin silinda da kuma hanyar fita a kowane axis. Fitar da ke sashen silinda ana kiranta da mai nemo vortex kuma tana faɗaɗa zuwa cikin guguwar don rage kwararar gajeren zango kai tsaye daga shigarwa. A ƙarshen mazugi akwai hanyar fita ta biyu, wato spigot. Don rabuwar girma, duka hanyoyin shiga biyu galibi suna buɗe ga yanayi. Ana sarrafa Hydrocyclones a tsaye tare da spigot a ƙasan ƙarshen, don haka ana kiran samfurin mai kauri da ƙasan ruwa da kuma samfurin mai kyau, yana barin mai nemo vortex, wato ambaliya. Hoto na 1 yana nuna babban fasalin kwarara da ƙira na yau da kullun.hydrocyclone: vortices guda biyu, hanyar shiga abinci tangential da kuma hanyoyin fita ta axial. Banda yankin da ke kusa da hanyar shiga tangential, motsin ruwa a cikin guguwar yana da daidaiton radial. Idan ɗaya ko duka hanyoyin fita a buɗe suke ga sararin samaniya, yankin matsin lamba mai ƙarancin ƙarfi yana haifar da tsakiyar iskar gas tare da madaidaicin axis, a cikin vortex na ciki.

Ka'idar aiki abu ne mai sauƙi: ruwan, wanda ke ɗauke da ƙwayoyin da aka dakatar, yana shiga cikin guguwar ta hanyar tangential, yana juyawa ƙasa kuma yana samar da filin centrifugal a cikin kwararar vortex kyauta. Manyan ƙwayoyin cuta suna motsawa ta cikin ruwan zuwa wajen guguwar a cikin motsi mai karkace, kuma suna fita ta cikin spigot tare da ƙaramin ruwa. Saboda yankin da ke iyakance spigot, an kafa vortex na ciki, wanda ke juyawa a daidai alkiblar vortex na waje amma yana gudana sama, kuma yana barin guguwar ta cikin mai nemo vortex, yana ɗauke da yawancin ruwa da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da shi. Idan ƙarfin spigot ya wuce, za a rufe tsakiyar iska kuma fitar da spigot ya canza daga feshi mai siffar laima zuwa 'igiya' da asarar abu mai kauri zuwa ambaliya.

Diamita na sashin silinda shine babban canjin da ke shafar girman barbashi da za a iya rabawa, kodayake diamita na fitarwa ana iya canza shi daban-daban don canza rabuwar da aka cimma. Yayin da ma'aikatan farko suka gwada guguwar guguwar mai ƙanƙanta kamar diamita 5 mm, diamita na hydrocyclone na kasuwanci a halin yanzu yana tsakanin 10 mm zuwa 2.5 m, tare da girman rabuwar barbashi mai yawa 2700 kg m−3 na 1.5–300 μm, yana raguwa tare da ƙaruwar yawan barbashi. Rage matsin lamba na aiki yana daga mashaya 10 don ƙananan diamita zuwa mashaya 0.5 ga manyan na'urori. Don ƙara ƙarfin aiki, ƙananan da yawahydrocyclonesza a iya haɗa shi daga layin ciyarwa ɗaya.

Duk da cewa ka'idar aiki abu ne mai sauƙi, amma har yanzu ba a fahimce yawancin fannoni na aikinsu ba, kuma zaɓin hydrocyclone da hasashen ayyukan masana'antu galibi suna da alaƙa da kimiyya.

Rarrabawa

Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., a cikin Fasahar Sarrafa Ma'adanai ta Wills (Bugu na Takwas), 2016

9.4.3 Ruwan Iska Idan Aka Yi Amfani Da Shi

Hydrocyclones sun mamaye rarrabuwar abubuwa yayin da ake mu'amala da ƙananan girman barbashi a cikin da'irorin niƙa (<200 µm). Duk da haka, ci gaban da aka samu kwanan nan a fasahar allo (Babi na 8) ya sake haifar da sha'awar amfani da allo a cikin da'irorin niƙa. Allo yana rabuwa bisa ga girma kuma ba yaɗuwar yawan da ke cikin ma'adanai na ciyarwa ke tasiri kai tsaye. Wannan na iya zama fa'ida. Allo kuma ba su da ƙashi na bypass, kuma kamar yadda Misali na 9.2 ya nuna, bypass na iya zama babba (sama da 30% a wannan yanayin). Hoto na 9.8 ya nuna misali na bambancin lanƙwasa na rabuwa don allon yashi na cyclones. Bayanan sun fito ne daga mai tattara bayanai na El Brocal a Peru tare da kimantawa kafin da bayan an maye gurbin hydrocyclones da Derrick Stack Sizer® (duba Babi na 8) a cikin da'irar niƙa (Dündar et al., 2014). Daidai da tsammani, idan aka kwatanta da da'irar niƙa, allon yana da rabuwa mai kaifi (zurfin lanƙwasa ya fi girma) kuma ƙaramin bypass ne. An ruwaito ƙaruwar ƙarfin da'irar niƙa saboda ƙaruwar karyewa bayan aiwatar da allon. An danganta wannan da kawar da hanyar wucewa, rage yawan kayan da ake mayar da su zuwa injin niƙa wanda ke haifar da tasirin barbashi-barbashi.

Sauyi ba hanya ɗaya ba ce, duk da haka: wani misali na baya-bayan nan shine sauyawa daga allo zuwa guguwa, don cin gajiyar ƙarin rage girman ma'adanai masu yawa (Sasseville, 2015).

Tsarin ƙarfe da ƙira

Eoin H. Macdonald, a cikin Littafin Jagora na Binciken Zinare da Kimantawa, 2007

Ruwan iskar gas

Ana fifita Hydrocyclones don girman ko rage girman slurry mai yawa a araha kuma saboda suna mamaye ƙaramin sarari na bene ko ɗakin kai. Suna aiki mafi kyau lokacin da aka ciyar da su daidai gwargwado da yawan pulp kuma ana amfani da su daban-daban ko a cikin rukuni don samun jimlar ƙarfin da ake so a cikin rabuwar da ake buƙata. Ikon girman ya dogara ne akan ƙarfin centrifugal da aka samar ta hanyar saurin kwararar tangential ta cikin naúrar. Babban vortex ɗin da slurry mai shigowa ya samar yana aiki a hankali ƙasa a kusa da bangon mazugi na ciki. Ana jefa daskararru waje ta hanyar ƙarfin centrifugal don haka yayin da pulp ɗin ke motsawa ƙasa, yawansa yana ƙaruwa. Abubuwan tsaye na saurin suna aiki ƙasa kusa da bangon mazugi da sama kusa da axis. Ana tilasta ɓangaren slime mai ƙarancin kauri wanda aka raba ta centrifugal sama ta hanyar mai nemo vortex don ya fita ta hanyar buɗewa a ƙarshen saman mazugi. Yankin tsakiya ko ambulaf tsakanin kwararar biyu ba shi da saurin tsaye kuma yana raba daskararru masu kauri waɗanda ke motsawa ƙasa daga daskararru masu ƙanƙanta waɗanda ke motsawa sama. Yawancin kwararar tana ratsawa sama a cikin ƙaramin vortex na ciki kuma ƙarfin centrifugal mafi girma yana jefa mafi girman ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a waje don haka yana samar da mafi inganci rabuwa a cikin ƙananan girman. Waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna komawa zuwa vortex na waje kuma suna sake ba da rahoto ga abincin jig.

Tsarin siffofi da yanayin aiki a cikin tsarin kwararar karkace na yau da kullunhydrocycloneAn bayyana a cikin Hoto na 8.13. Masu canjin aiki sune yawan ɓawon burodi, yawan kwararar abinci, halayen daskararru, matsin lamba na shiga abinci da raguwar matsin lamba ta hanyar guguwar. Masu canjin guguwa sune yankin shigar abinci, diamita da tsayin mai nemo vortex, da diamita na fitar da spigot. Darajar ma'aunin ja kuma yana shafar siffa; yawan barbashi ya bambanta daga sphericity, ƙarami ne kuma girman siffarsa yana ƙaruwa kuma juriyarsa ta daidaitawa. Yankin damuwa mai mahimmanci na iya faɗaɗa zuwa wasu barbashi na zinare mai girma har zuwa 200 mm a girma kuma kulawa da kyau kan tsarin rarrabuwa yana da mahimmanci don haka rage sake amfani da shi da yawa da kuma tarin slame da ya haifar. A tarihi, lokacin da ba a ba da kulawa sosai ga murmurewa na 150 baμYawan zinare, ɗaukar zinare a cikin sassan slime ya bayyana ya zama babban dalilin asarar zinare wanda aka yi rikodin ya kai kashi 40-60% a cikin ayyukan sanya zinare da yawa.

Siffa ta 8.14 (Tsarin Zaɓen Warman) zaɓi ne na farko na guguwar iska don rabawa a girman D50 daban-daban daga microns 9-18 har zuwa microns 33-76. Wannan jadawalin, kamar sauran irin waɗannan jadawalin aikin guguwar iska, ya dogara ne akan ciyarwar da aka sarrafa da kyau na wani nau'in takamaiman. Yana ɗaukar nauyin daskararru na 2,700 kg/m3 a cikin ruwa a matsayin jagorar farko ga zaɓi. Ana amfani da guguwar iska mai girman diamita don samar da rabuwa mai kauri amma suna buƙatar babban adadin ciyarwa don aiki mai kyau. Rabawa mai kyau a babban adadin ciyarwa yana buƙatar tarin ƙananan guguwar iska masu diamita waɗanda ke aiki a layi ɗaya. Dole ne a tantance sigogin ƙira na ƙarshe don girman kusa ta hanyar gwaji, kuma yana da mahimmanci a zaɓi guguwar iska a tsakiyar kewayon don a iya yin duk wani ƙaramin gyare-gyare da za a iya buƙata a farkon aiki.

Ana da'awar cewa guguwar CBC (mai zagayawa) ta rarraba kayan ciyar da zinare na alluvial har zuwa diamita na mm 5 kuma tana samun isasshen jig daga ƙarƙashin ruwa. Rabuwar tana faruwa ne a kusan lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi.DMicrons 50/150 bisa ga yawan silica 2.65. Ana da'awar cewa guguwar CBC da ke ƙarƙashinta tana da sauƙin rabuwa da jig saboda girmanta mai santsi da kuma kusan cire ƙananan barbashi na sharar gida gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, duk da cewa ana da'awar cewa wannan tsarin yana samar da babban taro na ma'adanai masu nauyi iri ɗaya a cikin lokaci ɗaya daga abinci mai tsayi (misali yashi na ma'adinai), babu irin waɗannan alkaluman aiki da ake da su ga kayan abinci na alluvial waɗanda ke ɗauke da zinare mai kyau da mara laushi. Tebur 8.5 yana ba da bayanan fasaha na AKW.hydrocyclonesdon wuraren yankewa tsakanin microns 30 da 100.

Tebur 8.5. Bayanan fasaha don hydrocyclones na AKW

Nau'i (KRS)	Diamita (mm)	Faduwar matsi	Ƙarfin aiki		Matsayin yankewa (microns)
Nau'i (KRS)	Diamita (mm)	Faduwar matsi	Slurry (m3/awa)	Daskararru (t/h max).	Matsayin yankewa (microns)
2118	100	1–2.5	9.27	5	30–50
2515	125	1–2.5	11–30	6	25–45
4118	200	0.7–2.0	18–60	15	40–60
(RWN)6118	300	0.5–1.5	40–140	40	50–100

Ci gaba a fannin haɗakar ma'adanai da fasahar rarrabawa

A. Jankovic, a cikin Iron Ma'adinai, 2015

8.3.3.1 Masu raba Hydrocyclone

Hydrocyclone, wanda kuma aka sani da cyclone, na'urar rarrabawa ce da ke amfani da ƙarfin centrifugal don hanzarta saurin daidaitawar ƙwayoyin slurry da raba ƙwayoyin bisa ga girma, siffa, da takamaiman nauyi. Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar ma'adanai, tare da babban amfaninsa a sarrafa ma'adanai shine a matsayin mai rarrabawa, wanda ya tabbatar da inganci sosai a cikin ƙananan girman rabuwa. Ana amfani da shi sosai a ayyukan niƙa na kewaye amma ya sami wasu amfani da yawa, kamar desliming, degritting, da thickening.

Wani nau'in hydrocyclone na yau da kullun (Hoto na 8.12a) ya ƙunshi wani jirgin ruwa mai siffar ƙwallo, wanda aka buɗe a samansa, ko kuma ƙarƙashinsa, wanda aka haɗa shi da wani sashe na silinda, wanda ke da hanyar shiga abinci mai tangential. An rufe saman sashin silinda da faranti wanda ke ratsa bututun da ke cike da iska. Ana faɗaɗa bututun zuwa jikin guguwar ta hanyar wani ɗan gajeren sashe mai cirewa wanda aka sani da mai nemo vortex, wanda ke hana jigilar abinci kai tsaye zuwa cikin ambaliyar. Ana shigar da abincin a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba ta hanyar shigar tangential, wanda ke ba da motsi mai juyawa zuwa ɓangaren litattafan. Wannan yana haifar da vortex a cikin guguwar, tare da yankin matsin lamba mai ƙarancin ƙarfi tare da axis a tsaye, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 8.12b. Tsarin iska yana tasowa tare da axis, wanda yawanci yana haɗuwa da yanayi ta hanyar buɗewar kololuwa, amma a wani ɓangare an ƙirƙira shi ta hanyar iska mai narkewa da ke fitowa daga mafita a yankin ƙarancin matsin lamba. Ƙarfin centrifugal yana hanzarta saurin daidaitawar ƙwayoyin, ta haka yana raba ƙwayoyin bisa ga girma, siffa, da takamaiman nauyi. Barbashi masu saurin daidaitawa suna motsawa zuwa bangon guguwar, inda saurin ya fi ƙasa, kuma suna ƙaura zuwa buɗewar kololuwa (ƙarƙashin ruwa). Saboda aikin ƙarfin jan, barbashi masu jinkirin daidaitawa suna motsawa zuwa yankin ƙarancin matsin lamba tare da axis kuma ana ɗaukar su sama ta hanyar mai nemo vortex zuwa ambaliya.

Ana amfani da Hydrocyclones kusan a ko'ina a cikin da'irar niƙa saboda ƙarfinsu mai yawa da kuma ingancinsu. Haka kuma ana iya rarraba su a kan nau'ikan girman barbashi (yawanci 5-500 μm), ana amfani da ƙananan raka'a diamita don rarrabuwa mai kyau. Duk da haka, amfani da cyclone a cikin da'irar niƙa magnetite na iya haifar da rashin aiki mai inganci saboda bambancin yawa tsakanin magnetite da ma'adanai na sharar gida (silica). Magnetite yana da takamaiman yawa na kimanin 5.15, yayin da silica yana da takamaiman yawa na kusan 2.7. A cikinhydrocyclones, ma'adanai masu yawa sun rabu a mafi girman yankewa fiye da ma'adanai masu sauƙi. Saboda haka, magnetite da aka 'yantar yana tarawa a cikin guguwar da ke ƙarƙashinta, tare da sakamakon niƙa magnetite. Napier-Munn et al. (2005) sun lura cewa alaƙar da ke tsakanin girman yanke da aka gyara (d50c) da yawan barbashi suna bin bayyanar da wannan tsari dangane da yanayin kwarara da sauran dalilai:

d50c∝ρs−ρl−n

inaρs shine yawan daskararru,ρl shine yawan ruwa, kumanyana tsakanin 0.5 da 1.0. Wannan yana nufin cewa tasirin yawan ma'adanai akan aikin guguwar na iya zama mai mahimmanci. Misali, idand50c na magnetite shine 25 μm, sannand50c na barbashi na silica zai kasance 40–65 μm. Hoto na 8.13 yana nuna lanƙwasa ingancin rarrabuwar guguwa don magnetite (Fe3O4) da silica (SiO2) da aka samu daga binciken da'irar niƙa magnetite na masana'antu. Raba girman silica ya fi kauri, tare dad50c don Fe3O4 na 29 μm, yayin da na SiO2 shine 68 μm. Saboda wannan lamari, injin niƙa magnetite a cikin da'irori masu rufewa tare da hydrocyclones ba su da inganci kuma suna da ƙarancin ƙarfi idan aka kwatanta da sauran da'irori na niƙa na ƙarfe.

Fasaha Mai Matsi Mai Girma: Tushen Aiki da Amfani

MJ Cocero PhD, a Laburaren Sinadarai na Masana'antu, 2001

Na'urorin raba abubuwa masu ƙarfi

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Hydrocyclone

Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan masu raba daskararru mafi sauƙi. Na'urar raba daskararru ce mai inganci kuma ana iya amfani da ita don cire daskararru yadda ya kamata a yanayin zafi da matsin lamba mai yawa. Yana da araha saboda ba shi da sassan motsi kuma yana buƙatar kulawa kaɗan.

Ingancin rabuwar abubuwa masu tauri yana da ƙarfi dangane da girman barbashi da zafin jiki. Ana iya cimma daidaiton rabuwar abubuwa kusan kashi 80% ga silica da yanayin zafi sama da 300°C, yayin da a cikin yanayin zafi iri ɗaya, daidaiton rabuwar abubuwa masu tauri ga barbashi masu tauri na zircon ya fi kashi 99% [29].

Babban matsalar da ke tattare da aikin hydrocyclone shine yadda wasu gishiri ke mannewa da bangon guguwar.

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Tacewa ta hanyar ƙananan ƙwayoyin halitta

Matatun kwararar ruwa suna aiki kamar yadda aka saba gani a cikin tace kwararar ruwa a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yanayi: ƙaruwar yawan yankewa da raguwar dankowar ruwa yana haifar da ƙaruwar adadin tacewa. An yi amfani da tacewa ta hanyar microfiltration don raba gishirin da aka haƙa a matsayin daskararru, wanda ke ba da ingancin rabuwar barbashi yawanci ya wuce kashi 99.9%. Goemansda sauransu.[30] sun yi nazarin rabuwar sodium nitrate daga ruwa mai tsanani. A ƙarƙashin yanayin binciken, sodium nitrate yana nan a matsayin gishirin da aka narke kuma yana da ikon ketare matatar. An sami ingancin rabuwa wanda ya bambanta da zafin jiki, tunda narkewar yana raguwa yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, tsakanin 40% da 85%, na 400 °C da 470 °C, bi da bi. Waɗannan ma'aikatan sun bayyana tsarin rabuwar a matsayin sakamakon wani takamaiman ikon tacewa zuwa ga maganin mai tsanani, sabanin gishirin da aka narke, bisa ga bambancin da ke tsakaninsu. Saboda haka, ba wai kawai zai yiwu a tace gishirin da aka narke a matsayin daskararru ba, har ma a tace waɗannan gishirin da ke ƙasa da narkewa waɗanda ke cikin yanayin narkewa.

Matsalolin aiki galibi sun faru ne saboda tsatsa ta hanyar tacewa da gishirin ya yi.

Takarda: Sake Amfani da Kayan Aiki da kuma Sake Amfani da su

MR Doshi, JM Dyer, a cikin Tsarin Nazari a Kimiyyar Kayan Aiki da Injiniyan Kayan Aiki, 2016

3.3 Tsaftacewa

Masu tsaftacewa kohydrocyclonesCire gurɓatattun abubuwa daga ɓawon burodi bisa ga bambancin yawa tsakanin gurɓataccen abu da ruwa. Waɗannan na'urori sun ƙunshi jirgin ruwa mai matsi mai siffar ko kuma mai siffar silinda-mai siffar konkodi wanda ake ciyar da ɓawon burodi ta hanyar da ta dace a ƙarshen babban diamita (Hoto na 6). Yayin wucewa ta cikin mai tsabtace ɓawon burodi, ɓawon burodi yana haɓaka tsarin kwararar vortex, kamar na guguwa. Gudun yana juyawa a kusa da tsakiyar tsakiya yayin da yake wucewa daga shiga zuwa ga konkodi, ko buɗewar ƙarƙashin ruwa, tare da cikin bangon mai tsabta. Gudun juyawa yana ƙaruwa yayin da diamita na manne ya ragu. Kusa da ƙarshen konkodi ƙaramin buɗewa mai diamita yana hana fitar da yawancin kwararar wanda maimakon haka yana juyawa a cikin vortex na ciki a tsakiyar mai tsabtace. Gudun da ke cikin tsakiyar ciki yana gudana daga buɗewar konkodi har sai ya fita ta hanyar mai nemo vortex, wanda ke a ƙarshen babban diamita a tsakiyar mai tsabtace burodi. Babban kayan da aka tara, bayan an tattara shi a bangon mai tsaftacewa saboda ƙarfin centrifugal, ana fitar da shi a saman mane (Bliss, 1994, 1997).

Ana rarraba masu tsaftacewa a matsayin manyan, matsakaici, ko ƙananan yawa dangane da yawan da girman gurɓatattun da ake cirewa. Ana amfani da mai tsabtace mai yawa, mai diamita daga 15 zuwa 50 cm (6-20 inci) don cire ƙarfe, maƙallan takarda, da maƙallan kuma yawanci ana sanya shi nan da nan bayan maƙallin. Yayin da diamita mai tsabta ke raguwa, ingancinsa wajen cire ƙananan gurɓatattun abubuwa yana ƙaruwa. Don dalilai na aiki da tattalin arziki, guguwar diamita ta 75-mm (inci 3) gabaɗaya ita ce mafi ƙarancin mai tsaftacewa da ake amfani da ita a masana'antar takarda.

An tsara masu tsabtace baya da masu tsaftace hanyoyin shiga don cire gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ƙarancin yawa kamar kakin zuma, polystyrene, da manne. Ana sanya wa masu tsaftace baya suna saboda ana tattara kwararar karɓa a saman mai tsabta yayin da fitarwar da aka ƙi a wurin ambaliya. A cikin mai tsabtace hanyoyin shiga, yana karɓar kuma yana ƙin fita a ƙarshen mai tsabtace, tare da karɓa kusa da bangon mai tsabta wanda aka raba daga ƙin ta hanyar bututun tsakiya kusa da tsakiyar mai tsabtace, kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 7.

An daina amfani da centrifuges masu ci gaba da amfani da su a shekarun 1920 da 1930 don cire yashi daga ɓangaren litattafan almara bayan ƙirƙirar hydrocyclones. Gyroclean, wanda aka haɓaka a Centre Technique du Papier, Grenoble, Faransa, ya ƙunshi silinda wanda ke juyawa a 1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Haɗin tsawon lokacin zama da ƙarfin centrifugal mai yawa yana ba da damar gurɓatattun abubuwa masu ƙarancin yawa su yi ƙaura zuwa tsakiyar mai tsaftacewa inda ake ƙin su ta hanyar fitar da vortex na tsakiya.

MT Thew, a cikin Encyclopedia of Rabuwa Science, 2000

Takaitaccen Bayani

Duk da cewa ruwa mai ƙarfi-mai ƙarfihydrocycloneAn kafa shi a mafi yawan ƙarni na 20, aikin raba ruwa da ruwa mai gamsarwa bai zo ba har zuwa shekarun 1980. Masana'antar mai ta teku tana da buƙatar kayan aiki masu ƙarfi, masu ƙarfi da inganci don cire gurɓataccen mai da aka raba kaɗan daga ruwa. An biya wannan buƙatar ta hanyar wani nau'in hydrocyclone daban-daban, wanda ba shakka ba shi da sassan motsi.

Bayan an yi cikakken bayani game da wannan buƙatar da kuma kwatanta ta da rabuwar cyclonic mai ƙarfi da ruwa a cikin sarrafa ma'adinai, an ba da fa'idodin da hydrocyclone ya ba shi akan nau'ikan kayan aikin da aka sanya a baya don biyan buƙatun.

An lissafa sharuɗɗan tantance aikin rabuwa kafin a tattauna aiki dangane da tsarin ciyarwa, kula da masu aiki da kuma kuzarin da ake buƙata, wato sakamakon raguwar matsin lamba da kwararar ruwa.

Yanayin da ake amfani da shi wajen samar da mai ya sanya wasu ƙuntatawa ga kayan aiki kuma wannan ya haɗa da matsalar zaizayar ƙasa. An ambaci kayan da ake amfani da su a yau da kullun. An bayyana bayanan farashi na nau'ikan masana'antar raba mai, duka jari da na mai, kodayake ba a samun majiyoyi da yawa. A ƙarshe, an bayyana wasu alamu na ci gaba da haɓakawa, yayin da masana'antar mai ke duba kayan aikin da aka sanya a kan gadon teku ko ma a ƙasan rijiyar.

Samfurin, Sarrafawa, da Daidaita Daidaito

Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., a cikin Fasahar Sarrafa Ma'adanai ta Wills (Bugu na Takwas), 2016

3.7.1 Amfani da Girman Ƙwayoyin Cuku

Raka'a da yawa, kamarhydrocyclonesda kuma masu raba nauyi, suna samar da matakin rabuwar girma kuma ana iya amfani da bayanan girman barbashi don daidaita taro (Misali 3.15).

Misali na 3.15 misali ne na rage rashin daidaito a cikin ƙulli; yana bayar da, misali, ƙimar farko don rage mafi ƙarancin murabba'i. Ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar zane a duk lokacin da akwai bayanan abubuwan da suka wuce gona da iri; a Misali na 3.9 ana iya amfani da shi.

Misali na 3.15 yana amfani da guguwar a matsayin kumburin. Kulli na biyu shine sump: wannan misali ne na shigarwa guda 2 (sabowar ciyarwa da fitar da ƙwallo) da fitarwa ɗaya (ciyarwar cyclone). Wannan yana ba da wani ma'aunin taro (Misalin 3.16).

A Babi na 9 mun koma ga wannan misalin da'irar niƙa ta amfani da bayanai da aka gyara don tantance lanƙwasa ɓangaren guguwa.

Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-07-2019