Nā Hydrocyclones

Wehewehena

Nā Hydrocycloneshe ʻano cono-cylindrical, me kahi komo hānai tangential i loko o ka ʻāpana cylindrical a me kahi puka ma kēlā me kēia axis. ʻO ka puka ma ka ʻāpana cylindrical i kapa ʻia ʻo ka mea ʻimi vortex a hoʻolōʻihi i loko o ka cyclone e hōʻemi i ke kahe pōkole pololei mai ka puka komo. Ma ka hopena conical ʻo ka lua o ka puka, ʻo ka spigot. No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka nui, ua wehe ʻia nā puka ʻelua i ka lewa. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hydrocyclones me ka spigot ma ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa, no laila ua kapa ʻia ka huahana coarse ʻo ke kahe lalo a me ka huahana maikaʻi, e waiho ana i ka mea ʻimi vortex, ka overflow. Hōʻike schematic ʻo Figure 1 i ke kahe nui a me nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻolālā o kahi maʻamauhydrocyclone: nā vortices ʻelua, ke komo ʻana o ka hānai tangential a me nā puka axial. Koe wale nō ka ʻāpana koke o ke komo tangential, he radial symmetry ka neʻe ʻana o ka wai i loko o ka cyclone. Inā wehe ʻia kekahi a i ʻole nā puka ʻelua i ka lewa, hoʻoulu kahi ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i kahi kumu kinoea ma ke axis vertical, i loko o ka vortex o loko.

He maʻalahi ke kumu hana: komo ke kahe, e lawe ana i nā ʻāpana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia, i loko o ka cyclone ma ke ʻano tangential, wili i lalo a hana i kahi kahua centrifugal i ke kahe vortex manuahi. Neʻe nā ʻāpana nui ma o ke kahe i waho o ka cyclone ma kahi neʻe wili, a puka i waho ma o ka spigot me kahi hapa o ka wai. Ma muli o ka palena o ka ʻāpana o ka spigot, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi vortex i loko, e wili ana ma ke kuhikuhi like me ka vortex waho akā e kahe ana i luna, a haʻalele i ka cyclone ma o ka mea ʻimi vortex, e lawe ana i ka hapa nui o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana maikaʻi me ia. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mana spigot, ua pani ʻia ke kikowaena ea a loli ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka spigot mai kahi ʻano umbrella i kahi 'kaula' a me ka nalowale o nā mea coarse i ka overflow.

ʻO ke anawaena o ka ʻāpana cylindrical ka mea nui e hoʻopilikia ana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻololi kūʻokoʻa ʻia nā anawaena puka e hoʻololi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i loaʻa. ʻOiai ua hoʻokolohua nā limahana mua me nā cyclones liʻiliʻi e like me ke anawaena 5 mm, ʻo nā anawaena hydrocyclone kalepa i kēia manawa mai 10 mm a 2.5 m, me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā nui no nā ʻāpana o ka density 2700 kg m−3 o 1.5-300 μm, e emi ana me ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka density particle. Loaʻa ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi hana mai 10 bar no nā diameters liʻiliʻi a i 0.5 bar no nā ʻāpana nui. No ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hiki, he nui nā mea liʻiliʻinā hydrocycloneshiki ke hoʻohui ʻia mai kahi laina hānai hoʻokahi.

ʻOiai he maʻalahi ke kumumanaʻo o ka hana, ʻaʻole maopopo pono ʻia nā ʻano he nui o kā lākou hana, a ʻo ke koho ʻana a me ka wānana ʻana o ka hydrocyclone no ka hana ʻoihana he mea empirical nui ia.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻana

ʻO Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., ma ka ʻenehana hana mineral a Wills (Eighth Edition), 2016

9.4.3 Nā Hydrocyclones e kū'ē i nā pale

Ua lilo nā Hydrocyclones i mea hoʻomalu i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wā e hana ai me nā nui o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i nā kaapuni wili pani (<200 µm). Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoulu hou nā hoʻomohala hou i ka ʻenehana pale (Mokuna 8) i ka hoihoi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pale i nā kaapuni wili. Hoʻokaʻawale nā pale ma ke kumu o ka nui a ʻaʻole i hoʻopili pololei ʻia e ka laha ʻana o ka density i nā mineral hānai. Hiki i kēia ke lilo i mea maikaʻi. ʻAʻohe hapa bypass o nā pale, a e like me ka hōʻike ʻana o ka Laʻana 9.2, hiki i ka bypass ke nui loa (ma luna o 30% i kēlā hihia). Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 9.8 i kahi laʻana o ka ʻokoʻa ma ke kaʻe mahele no nā cyclones a me nā pale. ʻO ka ʻikepili mai ka El Brocal concentrator ma Peru me nā loiloi ma mua a ma hope o ka pani ʻia ʻana o nā hydrocyclones me kahi Derrick Stack Sizer® (e ʻike i ka Mokuna 8) i ke kaapuni wili (Dündar et al., 2014). E like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka cyclone, ʻoi aku ka ʻoi o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka pale (ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka piʻo o ka piʻo) a liʻiliʻi ka bypass. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka hiki ke kaapuni wili ma muli o nā helu haki kiʻekiʻe ma hope o ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka pale. Ua pili kēia i ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ke ala bypass, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o nā mea maikaʻi i hoʻouna ʻia i nā wili wili, kahi e hōʻoluʻolu ai i nā hopena o nā ʻāpana-ʻāpana.

ʻAʻole naʻe he ala hoʻokahi ka hoʻololi ʻana: ʻo kahi laʻana hou loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ka pale a i ka cyclone, e hoʻohana i ka hoʻemi nui ʻana o nā payminerals ʻoi aku ka paʻa (Sasseville, 2015).

Ke kaʻina hana a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka metallurgical

ʻO Eoin H. Macdonald, ma ka Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, 2007

Nā Hydrocyclones

ʻO nā hydrocyclones nā ʻāpana makemake ʻia no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nui a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana i nā nui slurry nui me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa a no ka mea he liʻiliʻi loa ka wahi papahele a i ʻole ke poʻo. Hana maikaʻi loa lākou ke hānai ʻia ma kahi kahe like a me ka nui o ka pulp a hoʻohana ʻia i kēlā me kēia a i ʻole i loko o nā hui e loaʻa ai nā mana āpau i makemake ʻia ma nā māhele i koi ʻia. Hilinaʻi nā hiki ke hoʻonui i ka nui ma nā ikaika centrifugal i hana ʻia e nā wikiwiki kahe tangential kiʻekiʻe ma o ka ʻāpana. ʻO ka vortex mua i hana ʻia e ka slurry e hiki mai ana e hana ana i lalo a puni ka paia cone o loko. Hoʻolei ʻia nā mea paʻa i waho e ka ikaika centrifugal i ka neʻe ʻana o ka pulp i lalo e hoʻonui ʻia kona nui. Hana nā ʻāpana kū pololei o ka wikiwiki i lalo kokoke i nā paia cone a i luna kokoke i ke axis. ʻO ka hapa slime i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia me ka centrifugally i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i luna ma o ka mea ʻimi vortex e hele i waho ma ka puka ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka cone. ʻO kahi ʻāpana waena a i ʻole envelope ma waena o nā kahe ʻelua he ʻole ka wikiwiki kū pololei a hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea paʻa coarser e neʻe ana i lalo mai nā mea paʻa maikaʻi e neʻe ana i luna. ʻO ka hapa nui o ke kahe e hele i luna i loko o ka vortex liʻiliʻi o loko a ʻo nā mana centrifugal kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolei i ka nui o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i waho e hāʻawi ana i kahi hoʻokaʻawale ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā ana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻi kēia mau ʻāpana i ka vortex waho a hōʻike hou i ka jig feed.

ʻO ke ʻano hana a me nā kūlana hana i loko o ke ʻano kahe wili o kahi maʻamauhydrocycloneua wehewehe ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 8.13. ʻO nā loli hana ka nui o ka pulp, ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ka hānai, nā ʻano paʻa, ke kaomi komo ʻana o ka hānai a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kaomi ma o ka cyclone. ʻO nā loli Cyclone ka wahi o ka wahi komo hānai, ke anawaena a me ka lōʻihi o ka mea ʻimi vortex, a me ke anawaena hoʻokuʻu spigot. Hoʻopilikia ʻia hoʻi ka waiwai o ke koina huki e ke ʻano; ʻo ka nui o ka ʻokoʻa o kahi ʻāpana mai ka sphericity, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kona kumu hoʻohālikelike a ʻoi aku ka nui o kona kūʻē ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana. Hiki i ka ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ke hoʻonui i kekahi mau ʻāpana gula e like me ka nui o 200 mm a no laila he mea nui ka nānā pono ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻokaʻawale e hōʻemi i ka hana hou nui a me ka hopena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā slimes. I ka wā ma mua, i ka wā i hāʻawi ʻole ʻia ai ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻōla ʻana o 150μm o nā hua gula, ʻo ka lawe ʻana o ke gula i loko o nā ʻāpana slime ʻike ʻia ke kumu nui o ka pohō gula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia he 40-60% ma nā hana hoʻonoho gula he nui.

ʻO ke Kiʻi 8.14 (Pakuhi Koho Warman) he koho mua o nā cyclone no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma nā ʻano nui D50 like ʻole mai 9-18 microns a hiki i 33-76 microns. ʻO kēia pakuhi, e like me nā pakuhi ʻē aʻe o ka hana cyclone, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o kahi hānai i kāohi pono ʻia o kahi ʻano kikoʻī. Manaʻo ia he 2,700 kg/m3 ka nui o nā mea paʻa i loko o ka wai ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi mua i ke koho ʻana. Hoʻohana ʻia nā cyclone anawaena nui e hana i nā hoʻokaʻawale coarse akā koi i nā nui hānai kiʻekiʻe no ka hana kūpono. Pono nā hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ma nā nui hānai kiʻekiʻe i nā hui o nā cyclone anawaena liʻiliʻi e hana like ana. Pono e hoʻoholo ʻia nā palena hoʻolālā hope loa no ka nui kokoke ma o ka hoʻokolohua, a he mea nui e koho i kahi cyclone a puni ka waena o ka pae i hiki ke hana ʻia nā hoʻoponopono liʻiliʻi e pono ai i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana.

Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka cyclone CBC (moena kaʻapuni) e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea hānai gula alluvial a hiki i ka 5 mm ke anawaena a loaʻa kahi hānai jig kiʻekiʻe mau mai ke kahe lalo. Hana ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana ma kahi oD50/150 microns ma muli o ka silica o ka density 2.65. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo ka CBC cyclone underflow he mea kūpono loa ia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o jig ma muli o kona piʻo hoʻolaha nui a me ka wehe piha ʻana o nā ʻāpana ʻōpala maikaʻi. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoiai ua ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ʻōnaehana e hana i kahi concentrate mua kiʻekiʻe o nā minelala kaumaha like ʻole i hoʻokahi ala mai kahi hānai lōʻihi (e like me ke one mineral), ʻaʻohe helu hana like no nā mea hānai alluvial e loaʻa ana ke gula maikaʻi a me ka flaky. Hāʻawi ka Papa 8.5 i ka ʻikepili loea no AKWnā hydrocyclonesno nā kiko ʻoki ma waena o 30 a me 100 microns.

Papa 8.5. ʻIkepili loea no nā hydrocyclones AKW

ʻAno (KRS)	Anawaena (mm)	Ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi	Ka mana		Wahi ʻoki (microns)
ʻAno (KRS)	Anawaena (mm)	Ka emi ʻana o ke kaomi	Pālolo (m3/hr)	Nā mea paʻa (t/h max).	Wahi ʻoki (microns)
2118	100	1–2.5	9.27	5	30–50
2515	125	1–2.5	11–30	6	25–45
4118	200	0.7–2.0	18–60	15	40–60
(RWN)6118	300	0.5–1.5	40–140	40	50–100

Nā hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka hao ore

ʻO A. Jankovic, ma ka Iron Ore, 2015

8.3.3.1 Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale hydrocyclone

ʻO ka hydrocyclone, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he cyclone, he mea hoʻokaʻawale e hoʻohana ana i ka ikaika centrifugal e hoʻolalelale i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā slurryparticles a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana e like me ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke kaumaha kikoʻī. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka ʻoihana mineral, me kāna hoʻohana nui ʻana i ka hana mineral ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokaʻawale, kahi i hōʻoia ʻia he kūpono loa i nā nui hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i nā hana wili kaapuni pani akā ua loaʻa iā ia nā hoʻohana ʻē aʻe he nui, e like me ka desliming, degritting, a me ka thickening.

ʻO kahi hydrocyclone maʻamau (Kiʻi 8.12a) he ipu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano conical, hāmama ma kona piko, a i ʻole ke kahe ʻana ma lalo, i hui pū ʻia me kahi ʻāpana cylindrical, nona kahi puka hānai tangential. Ua pani ʻia ka piko o ka ʻāpana cylindrical me kahi pā e hele ai kahi paipu kahe i kau ʻia ma ke axial. Hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka paipu i loko o ke kino o ka cyclone e kahi ʻāpana pōkole, hiki ke wehe ʻia i ʻike ʻia ʻo ka vortex finder, kahi e pale ai i ka pōkole o ka hānai pololei i loko o ka kahe. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hānai ma lalo o ke kaomi ma o ke komo tangential, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi neʻe swirling i ka pulp. Hoʻopuka kēia i kahi vortex i loko o ka cyclone, me kahi ʻāpana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ke axis vertical, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 8.12b. Hoʻomohala kahi air-core ma ke axis, i hoʻopili pinepine ʻia i ka lewa ma o ka puka apex, akā ma kahi ʻāpana i hana ʻia e ka ea i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e puka mai ana mai ka hopena ma ka ʻāpana o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa. Hoʻolalelale ka ikaika centrifugal i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻāpana, no laila e hoʻokaʻawale ana i nā ʻāpana e like me ka nui, ke ʻano, a me ke kaumaha kikoʻī. Neʻe nā ʻāpana noho wikiwiki i ka paia o ka cyclone, kahi i haʻahaʻa loa ai ka wikiwiki, a neʻe i ka puka apex (underflow). Ma muli o ka hana o ka ikaika kauō, neʻe nā ʻāpana noho lohi i ka ʻāpana o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa ma ke axis a lawe ʻia i luna ma o ka mea ʻimi vortex i ka overflow.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā Hydrocyclones i nā kaapuni wili ma muli o ko lākou mana kiʻekiʻe a me ka pono pili. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokaʻawale ma luna o kahi ākea o nā nui o nā ʻāpana (maʻamau 5-500 μm), nā ʻāpana diameter liʻiliʻi e hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka cyclone i nā kaapuni wili magnetite hiki ke hana i ka hana pono ʻole ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa density ma waena o ka magnetite a me nā mineral neoneo (silica). Loaʻa i ka Magnetite kahi density kikoʻī ma kahi o 5.15, ʻoiai ʻo ka silica kahi density kikoʻī ma kahi o 2.7. I lokonā hydrocyclones, hoʻokaʻawale nā minelala paʻa i kahi nui ʻokiʻoki maikaʻi aʻe ma mua o nā minelala māmā. No laila, ke hoʻopili ʻia nei ka magnetite i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ke kahe o ka cyclone, me ka wili nui ʻana o ka magnetite. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Napier-Munn et al. (2005) ʻo ka pilina ma waena o ka nui ʻoki i hoʻoponopono ʻia (d50c) a hahai ka nui o nā ʻāpana i kahi hōʻike o ke ʻano ma lalo nei ma muli o nā kūlana kahe a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe:

d50c∝ρs−ρl−n

ma heaρʻO s ka nui o nā mea paʻa,ρʻO l ka nui o ka wai, anma waena o 0.5 a me 1.0. ʻO ke ʻano kēia, hiki ke koʻikoʻi loa ka hopena o ka nui o ka mineral i ka hana cyclone. No ka laʻana, inā ʻo kadʻO 50c o ka magnetite he 25 μm, a laila ʻo kadʻO 50c o nā ʻāpana silica he 40-65 μm. Hōʻike ka Kiʻi 8.13 i nā piʻo pono hoʻokaʻawale cyclone no ka magnetite (Fe3O4) a me ka silica (SiO2) i loaʻa mai ka noiʻi ʻana o kahi kaapuni wili magnetite wili pōpō ʻoihana. ʻOi aku ka coarse o ka hoʻokaʻawale nui no ka silica, me kad50c no Fe3O4 o 29 μm, ʻoiai ʻo ia no SiO2 he 68 μm. Ma muli o kēia hanana, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pono o nā wili wili magnetite i nā kaapuni pani me nā hydrocyclones a he haʻahaʻa ka mana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā kaapuni wili metalore kumu ʻē aʻe.

ʻEnehana Hana Kaomi Kiʻekiʻe: Nā Kumu a me nā Noi

MJ Cocero PhD, ma ka Hale Waihona Puke Kemika ʻOihana, 2001

Nā mea hoʻokaʻawale mea paʻa

•

ʻO ka Hydrocyclone

ʻO kēia kekahi o nā ʻano mea hoʻokaʻawale paʻa maʻalahi loa. He mea hoʻokaʻawale pono kiʻekiʻe ia a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e wehe pono i nā mea paʻa i nā mahana a me nā kaomi kiʻekiʻe. He mea hoʻokele waiwai ia no ka mea ʻaʻohe ona ʻāpana e neʻe ana a ʻaʻole pono ka mālama nui.

ʻO ka pono o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana no nā mea paʻa he hana ikaika ia o ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ka mahana. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia nā pono hoʻokaʻawale nui kokoke i 80% no ka silica a me nā mahana ma luna o 300°C, ʻoiai ma ka pae mahana like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pono hoʻokaʻawale nui no nā ʻāpana zircon denser ma mua o 99% [29].

ʻO ke kīpē nui o ka hana hydrocyclone ʻo ia ke ʻano o kekahi mau paʻakai e pipili i nā paia o ka cyclone.

•

Kānana micro-cross

Hana nā kānana cross-flow ma ke ʻano like me ka mea i ʻike maʻamau ʻia i ka kānana crossflow ma lalo o nā kūlana ambient: ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o nā shear-rate a me ka hoʻemi ʻia ʻana o ka viscosity fluid e hopena i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka helu filtrate. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka cross-microfiltration i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā paʻakai precipitated ma ke ʻano he solids, e hāʻawi ana i nā pono hoʻokaʻawale ʻāpana ma mua o 99.9%. Goemansa me nā mea ʻē aʻe.[30] ua aʻo ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka sodium nitrate mai ka wai supercritical. Ma lalo o nā kūlana o ke aʻo ʻana, aia ka sodium nitrate ma ke ʻano he paʻakai heheʻe a hiki ke hele i ke kānana. Ua loaʻa nā pono hoʻokaʻawale i loli me ka mahana, ʻoiai e emi ana ka solubility i ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana, ma waena o 40% a me 85%, no 400 °C a me 470 °C, kēlā me kēia. Ua wehewehe kēia mau limahana i ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale ma muli o kahi permeability ʻokoʻa o ka mea kānana i ka hopena supercritical, i kūʻē i ka paʻakai heheʻe, ma muli o ko lākou viscosities ʻokoʻa. No laila, hiki ʻole ke kānana wale i nā paʻakai precipitated ma ke ʻano he mau mea paʻa akā e kānana pū i kēlā mau paʻakai haʻahaʻa-heheʻe i loko o ke ʻano heheʻe.

ʻO ke kumu nui o nā pilikia hana, ʻo ia ka pala o ke kānana e nā paʻakai.

Pepa: Hana Hou a me nā Mea Hana Hou

MR Doshi, JM Dyer, ma ka Module Kuhikuhi ma ka ʻEpekema Mea Hana a me ka ʻenekinia Mea Hana, 2016

3.3 Hoʻomaʻemaʻe

Nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe a i ʻolenā hydrocycloneswehe i nā mea haumia mai ka pulp ma muli o ka ʻokoʻa o ka nui ma waena o ka mea haumia a me ka wai. Loaʻa i kēia mau mea hana he ipu kaomi conical a cylindrical-conical paha i loko o ia mea e hānai ʻia ai ka pulp ma ke ʻano tangentially ma ka hopena diameter nui (Kiʻi 6). I ka wā e hele ai ma o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, hoʻomohala ka pulp i kahi ʻano kahe vortex, e like me ke cyclone. Hoʻohuli ke kahe a puni ke axis waena i kona hele ʻana mai ka puka komo a i ka apex, a i ʻole ka wehe ʻana o ke kahe ma lalo, ma ka ʻaoʻao o loko o ka paia hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Hoʻonui ka wikiwiki o ke kahe rotational i ka emi ʻana o ke anawaena o ka cone. Ma kahi kokoke i ka hopena apex, pale ka wehe ʻana o ke anawaena liʻiliʻi i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka hapa nui o ke kahe e hoʻohuli ana i loko o kahi vortex i loko ma ke kumu o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe. Ke kahe nei ke kahe ma ke kumu o loko mai ka wehe ʻana o ka apex a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana ma o ka mea ʻimi vortex, aia ma ka hopena diameter nui ma waenakonu o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe. ʻO ka mea density kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ka paia o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma muli o ka ikaika centrifugal, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma ka piko o ka cone (Bliss, 1994, 1997).

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kiʻekiʻe, waena, a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui ma muli o ka nui a me ka nui o nā mea haumia e wehe ʻia ana. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe nui, me ke anawaena mai 15 a 50 cm (6-20 in) e wehe i ka metala tramp, nā ʻūmi pepa, a me nā staples a kau pinepine ʻia ma hope koke o ka pulper. Ke emi nei ke anawaena o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, piʻi aʻe kona pono i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea haumia liʻiliʻi. No nā kumu kūpono a me ka hoʻokele waiwai, ʻo ka cyclone 75-mm (3 in) ke anawaena ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe liʻiliʻi loa i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana pepa.

Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻohuli a me nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahe e wehe i nā mea haumia haʻahaʻa e like me ka wax, polystyrene, a me nā mea sticky. Ua kapa ʻia nā mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe hoʻohuli no ka mea ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ke kahawai ʻae ma ka piko o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻoiai e puka ana nā mea hōʻole ma ke kahe ʻana. I loko o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahe, e puka ana nā mea ʻae a me nā mea hōʻole ma ka hopena like o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, me nā mea ʻae kokoke i ka paia hoʻomaʻemaʻe i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā mea hōʻole e kahi paipu waena kokoke i ke kikowaena o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke Kiʻi 7.

Ua hoʻopau ʻia nā centrifuges hoʻomau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā makahiki 1920 a me 1930 e wehe i ke one mai ka pulp ma hope o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hydrocyclones. ʻO ka Gyroclean, i hoʻomohala ʻia ma Centre Technique du Papier, Grenoble, Farani, aia kahi cylinder e wili ana ma 1200-1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). ʻO ka hui pū ʻana o ka manawa noho lōʻihi a me ka ikaika centrifugal kiʻekiʻe e ʻae i nā mea haumia haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka manawa kūpono e neʻe ai i ka ʻōpū o ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe kahi e hōʻole ʻia ai lākou ma o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka vortex waena.

MT Thew, ma ka Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000

Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo

ʻOiai ke ʻano paʻa-waihydrocycloneua hoʻokumu ʻia no ka hapa nui o ke kenekulia 20, ʻaʻole i hiki mai ka hana hoʻokaʻawale wai-wai kūpono a hiki i ka makahiki 1980. Ua pono ka ʻoihana aila kai no nā lako paʻa, paʻa a hilinaʻi hoʻi no ka wehe ʻana i ka aila haumia i māhele maikaʻi ʻia mai ka wai. Ua hoʻokō ʻia kēia pono e kahi ʻano hydrocyclone ʻokoʻa loa, ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻohe ona ʻāpana e neʻe ana.

Ma hope o ka wehewehe piha ʻana i kēia pono a me ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me ka hoʻokaʻawale cyclonic paʻa-wai i ka hana ʻana i nā minerala, ua hāʻawi ʻia nā pono i hāʻawi ʻia e ka hydrocyclone ma luna o nā ʻano lako i hoʻokomo mua ʻia e hoʻokō i ke kuleana.

Ua helu ʻia nā pae loiloi hana hoʻokaʻawale ma mua o ke kūkākūkā ʻana i ka hana ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano hānai, ka mana o ka mea hoʻohana a me ka ikehu e pono ai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka huahana o ka hāʻule ʻana o ke kaomi a me ka nui o ke kahe.

Hoʻonoho ke kaiapuni no ka hana ʻaila i kekahi mau palena no nā mea hana a ʻo kēia ka pilikia o ka ʻino ʻana o nā mea liʻiliʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia. Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ʻikepili kumukūʻai pili no nā ʻano hale hana hoʻokaʻawale ʻaila, ʻo ke kapikala a me ka hana hou ʻana, ʻoiai he kakaikahi nā kumu. ʻO ka mea hope loa, ua wehewehe ʻia kekahi mau kuhikuhi i ka hoʻomohala hou ʻana, ʻoiai ke nānā nei ka ʻoihana ʻaila i nā lako i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka moena kai a i ʻole ma lalo o ka luawai.

Ka Laʻana, Ka Mana, a me ke Kaulike Nuipa

ʻO Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., ma ka ʻenehana hana mineral a Wills (Eighth Edition), 2016

3.7.1 Ka Hoʻohana ʻana i ka Nui o ka ʻĀpana

Nui nā ʻāpana, e like menā hydrocyclonesa me nā mea hoʻokaʻawale umekaumaha, hana i kahi kekelē o ka hoʻokaʻawale nui a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻikepili nui o ka ʻāpana no ke kaulike ʻana o ka nuipa (Laʻana 3.15).

ʻO ka Laʻana 3.15 kahi laʻana o ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ke kaulike ʻole o ke kikowaena; hāʻawi ia, no ka laʻana, i ka waiwai mua no ka hoʻēmi ʻana i nā huinaha liʻiliʻi loa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia kēia ʻano hana kiʻi i nā manawa a pau he ʻikepili ʻāpana "keu"; ma ka Laʻana 3.9 ua hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia.

Hoʻohana ka Laʻana 3.15 i ka cyclone ma ke ʻano he kikowaena. ʻO ka lua o ka kikowaena ka sump: he laʻana kēia o 2 mau mea hoʻokomo (hānai hou a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka wili pōpō) a me hoʻokahi puka (hānai cyclone). Hāʻawi kēia i kahi kaulike nuipa ʻē aʻe (Laʻana 3.16).

Ma ka Mokuna 9 e hoʻi kākou i kēia laʻana kaapuni wili me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻikepili i hoʻoponopono ʻia e hoʻoholo ai i ka piʻo mahele cyclone.

Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mei-07-2019