Inkcazo
IihydrocyclonesZimilo ye-cono-cylindrical, zinendawo yokungena ye-tangential kwicandelo lesilinda kunye nendawo yokuphuma kwi-axis nganye. Indawo yokuphuma kwicandelo lesilinda ibizwa ngokuba yi-vortex finder kwaye idlulela kwi-cyclone ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwe-short-circuit ngqo ukusuka kwindawo yokungena. Kwisiphelo se-conical kukho indawo yesibini yokuphuma, i-spigot. Ukwahlula ubungakanani, zombini iindawo zokuphuma zihlala zivulekele umoya. Ii-hydrocyclones zihlala zisebenza ngokuthe nkqo kunye ne-spigot kwicala elisezantsi, ngoko ke imveliso erhabaxa ibizwa ngokuba yi-underflow kunye nemveliso entle, ishiya i-vortex finder, i-overflow. Umfanekiso 1 ubonisa ngokwesicwangciso ukuhamba okuphambili kunye neempawu zoyilo zendlela eqhelekileyoi-hydrocyclone: ii-vortices ezimbini, i-tangential feed inlet kunye ne-axial outlets. Ngaphandle kwendawo ekufutshane ye-tangential inlet, intshukumo yolwelo ngaphakathi kwenkanyamba inomlinganiso we-radial. Ukuba enye okanye zombini ezi outlets zivulekele umoya, indawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ibangela umongo wegesi ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo, ngaphakathi kwe-vortex yangaphakathi.
Umfanekiso 1. Iimpawu eziphambili ze-hydrocyclone.
Umgaqo wokusebenza ulula: ulwelo, oluthwala amasuntswana axhonyiweyo, lungena kwinkanyamba ngendlela ethe tyaba, lujikeleza luye ezantsi luze luvelise intsimi ye-centrifugal kwi-free vortex flow. Amasuntswana amakhulu ahamba ngolwelo aye ngaphandle kwenkanyamba ngentshukumo ejikelezayo, aze aphume nge-spigot eneqhezu lolwelo. Ngenxa yendawo enomda we-spigot, i-vortex yangaphakathi, ejikeleza kwicala elifanayo ne-vortex yangaphandle kodwa inyuka iye phezulu, iyasekwa kwaye ishiye i-cyclone nge-vortex finder, ithwele uninzi lolwelo kunye namasuntswana amancinci nayo. Ukuba umthamo we-spigot udlulile, umongo womoya uyavalwa kwaye ukukhutshwa kwe-spigot kuyatshintsha ukusuka kwi-spray efana ne-ambrela ukuya kwi-'rope' kunye nokulahleka kwezinto ezirhabaxa ukuya ekugcwaleni.
Ububanzi becandelo lesilinda yeyona nto iphambili echaphazela ubungakanani besuntswana elinokwahlulwa, nangona ububanzi beplagi bunokutshintshwa ngokuzimeleyo ukutshintsha ulwahlulo olufunyenweyo. Ngelixa abasebenzi bokuqala bezama ngeenkanyamba ezincinci njenge-5 mm ububanzi, ububanzi be-hydrocyclone yorhwebo okwangoku buqala kwi-10 mm ukuya kwi-2.5 m, kunye nobukhulu obahlukeneyo beesuntswana ezinobunzima obuyi-2700 kg m−3 ye-1.5–300 μm, buncipha ngobuninzi beesuntswana. Ukwehla koxinzelelo lokusebenza kususela kwi-10 bar kwiisuntswana ezincinci ukuya kwi-0.5 bar kwiiyunithi ezinkulu. Ukwandisa umthamo, iisuntswana ezininzi ezincinciii-hydrocyclonesinokwahlulwahlulwa ukusuka kumgca omnye wokutya.
Nangona umgaqo wokusebenza ulula, iinkalo ezininzi zokusebenza kwazo azikaqondwa kakuhle, kwaye ukukhethwa kwe-hydrocyclone kunye nokuqikelela ukusebenza kwemizi-mveliso kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwiziphumo zophando.
Ulwahlulo
UBarry A. Wills, uJames A. Finch FRSC, iFCIM, uP.Eng., kwiTekhnoloji yokuLungiswa kweziMbiwa kaWills (uHlelo lwesibhozo), 2016
9.4.3 IiHydrocyclones Xa Zithelekiswa Nezikrini
IiHydrocyclones ziye zalawula udidi xa zijongana nobukhulu beentwana ezincinci kwiisekethe zokusila ezivaliweyo (<200 µm). Nangona kunjalo, uphuhliso lwakutshanje kwitekhnoloji yesikrini (Isahluko 8) luye lwavuselela umdla wokusebenzisa izikrini kwiisekethe zokusila. Izikrini zahlukene ngokusekelwe kubukhulu kwaye azichatshazelwa ngokuthe ngqo kukusasazeka koxinano kwiiminerali zokufuya. Oku kunokuba luncedo. Izikrini nazo azinalo iqhezu le-bypass, kwaye njengoko Umzekelo 9.2 ubonisile, i-bypass inokuba nkulu kakhulu (ngaphezulu kwe-30% kuloo meko). Umfanekiso 9.8 ubonisa umzekelo womahluko kwi-partition curve yezikrini ze-cyclonesand. Idatha ivela kwi-El Brocal concentrator ePeru kunye novavanyo ngaphambi nasemva kokuba ii-hydrocyclones zitshintshwe yiDerrick Stack Sizer® (jonga iSahluko 8) kwisekethe yokusila (Dündar et al., 2014). Ngokuhambelana nolindelo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-cyclone isikrini sasinokwahlukana okubukhali (umthamo we-curve uphezulu) kunye ne-bypass encinci. Ukwanda kwamandla esekethe yokusila kubikwe ngenxa yamazinga aphezulu okuphuka emva kokusebenzisa isikrini. Oku kwabangelwa kukususwa kwendlela yokudlula, kunciphisa inani lezinto ezincinci ezithunyelwa kwiimatshini zokugaya ezidla ngokuthintela impembelelo yamasuntswana namasuntswana.
Umfanekiso 9.8. Ii-partition curves zeenkanyamba kunye nezikrini kwi-grinding circuit kwi-El Brocal concentrator.
(Ithathwe kuDündar et al. (2014)
Nangona kunjalo, ukutshintsha akuyondlela inye: umzekelo wakutshanje kukutshintsha ukusuka kwiscreen ukuya kwinkanyamba, ukuze kusetyenziswe ithuba lokunciphisa ubungakanani be-payminerals ezixineneyo (Sasseville, 2015).
Inkqubo kunye noyilo lwesinyithi
U-Eoin H. Macdonald, kwi-Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, ngo-2007
Iihydrocyclones
IiHydrocyclones ziiyunithi ezikhethwayo zokulinganisa okanye ukunciphisa ubungakanani obukhulu be-slurry ngexabiso eliphantsi kwaye kuba zihlala kwindawo encinci kakhulu yomgangatho okanye igumbi lentloko. Zisebenza kakuhle kakhulu xa zondliwa ngesantya sokuhamba esilinganayo kunye noxinano lwe-pulp kwaye zisetyenziswa zodwa okanye ngamaqela ukuze zifumane amandla afunekayo xa ziqhekeka. Amandla okulinganisa axhomekeke kumandla e-centrifugal aveliswa yisantya sokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-tangential ngeyunithi. I-vortex ephambili eyenziwe yi-slurry engenayo isebenza ngokujikajika ezantsi ijikeleze udonga lwangaphakathi lwekhowuni. Izinto eziqinileyo ziphoswa ngaphandle ngamandla e-centrifugal ukuze njengoko i-pulp isiya ezantsi uxinano lwayo lunyuke. Izinto ezithe nkqo zesantya zisebenza ezantsi kufutshane neendonga zekhowuni kwaye zinyuke kufutshane ne-axis. Iqhekeza le-slime elingaphantsi kakhulu elihlukaniswe nge-centrifugally linyanzelwa phezulu nge-vortex finder ukuze lidlule ngomngxuma okwisiphelo esiphezulu sekhowuni. Indawo ephakathi okanye i-envelope phakathi kweendlela ezimbini zokuhamba ayinalo isantya esithe nkqo kwaye yahlula izinto eziqinileyo ezihamba ezantsi kwi-slids ezincinci ezihamba phezulu. Ubuninzi bomsinga budlula phezulu ngaphakathi kwi-vortex encinci yangaphakathi kwaye amandla aphezulu e-centrifugal aphosa amaqhekeza amakhulu amancinci ngaphandle ngaloo ndlela ebonelela ngokwahlukana okusebenzayo kubukhulu obuncinci. La maqhekeza abuyela kwi-vortex yangaphandle aze aphinde abike kwakhona kwi-jig feed.
Ijometri kunye neemeko zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwephethini yokuhamba kwe-spiral yendlela eqhelekileyoi-hydrocyclonezichazwe kwiFig. 8.13. Izinto ezitshintshayo zokusebenza zi-pulp density, i-feed flow rate, iimpawu ze-solids, uxinzelelo lwe-feed inlet kunye ne-pressure drop kwi-cyclone. Izinto ezitshintshayo ze-cyclone ziindawo ze-feed inlet, ububanzi kunye nobude be-vortex finder, kunye nobubanzi be-spigot discharge. Ixabiso le-drag coefficient nalo lichaphazeleka yi-shape; okukhona i-particle ihluka ukusuka kwi-sphericity, kokukhona i-shape factor yayo incinci kwaye kokukhona i-setifying yayo iphezulu. Indawo yoxinzelelo olubalulekileyo inokufikelela kwezinye ii-particles zegolide ezinkulu njenge-200 mm ngobukhulu kwaye ukujonga ngononophelo inkqubo yokuhlela kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kakhulu kunye nokwakheka kwe-slimes okubangelwa yiyo. Ngokwembali, xa ingqalelo encinci inikwe ekubuyiselweni kwe-150μKubonakala ngathi kukho iingqolowa zegolide, ukuthwalwa kwegolide kwiinxalenye zeslime kubonakala ngathi yeyona nto ibangela ukulahleka kwegolide okwathi kwabhalwa ukuba kuphezulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-40–60% kwimisebenzi emininzi yokubeka igolide.
8.13. Ijiyometri eqhelekileyo kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwe-hydrocyclone.
Umfanekiso 8.14 (Itshathi yoKhetho lweWarman) lukhetho lokuqala lweenkanyamba zokwahlula ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo be-D50 ukusuka kwi-9–18 microns ukuya kwi-33–76 microns. Le tshathi, njengakwezinye iitshathi ezinjalo zokusebenza kwenkanyamba, isekelwe kwisondlo esilawulwa ngononophelo sohlobo oluthile. Ithatha umxholo wezinto eziqinileyo ze-2,700 kg/m3 emanzini njengesikhokelo sokuqala sokukhetha. Iinkanyamba ezinkulu ezinobubanzi zisetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ukwahlukana okuqinileyo kodwa zifuna ubungakanani obukhulu bokutya ukuze zisebenze ngokufanelekileyo. Ukwahlukana okucolekileyo kwinani eliphezulu lokutya kufuna amaqela eenkanyamba ezincinci ezinobubanzi obusebenzayo ngaxeshanye. Iiparameter zoyilo lokugqibela zobukhulu obusondeleyo kufuneka zimiselwe ngovavanyo, kwaye kubalulekile ukukhetha inkanyamba ejikeleze phakathi koluhlu ukuze naluphi na uhlengahlengiso oluncinci olunokufuneka lwenziwe ekuqaleni kokusebenza.
8.14. Itshathi yokukhetha yokuqala yeWarman.
Kuthiwa i-CBC (circulating bed) cyclone ihlela izixhobo zokutya zegolide ezifikelela kwi-5 mm ububanzi kwaye ifumana ukutya okuphezulu rhoqo okuvela emanzini angaphantsi komhlaba. Ukwahlukana kwenzeka malungaDIi-microns ezingama-50/150 ezisekelwe kwi-silica yobuninzi obuyi-2.65. Kuthiwa i-CBC cyclone underflow iyakwazi ukwahlulwa ngenxa ye-curve yayo yokusasazwa kobukhulu obugudileyo kunye nokususwa ngokupheleleyo kwamasuntswana enkunkuma encinci. Nangona kunjalo, nangona le nkqubo kuthiwa ivelisa i-primary concentrate ephezulu ye-equal heavy minerals ngexesha elinye ukusuka kwi-feed yobukhulu obude (umz. i-mineral sands), akukho manani anjalo okusebenza afumanekayo kwi-alluvial feed material equkethe igolide ecolekileyo neqhekekileyo. Itheyibhile 8.5 inika idatha yobugcisa ye-AKWii-hydrocycloneskwiindawo zokucima eziphakathi kwama-microns angama-30 kunye ne-100.
Itheyibhile 8.5. Idatha yobuchwephesha yee-hydrocyclones ze-AKW
| Uhlobo (KRS) | Ububanzi (mm) | Ukwehla koxinzelelo | Umthamo | Ingongoma yokusika (ii-microns) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Udaka (m3/hr) | Izinto eziqinileyo (t/h max). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30–50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11–30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18–60 | 15 | 40–60 |
| (RWN)6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40–140 | 40 | 50–100 |
Uphuhliso kwiteknoloji yokuguqulwa kwesinyithi kunye nokuhlelwa kweendlela
A. Jankovic, kwi-Iron Ore, ngo-2015
8.3.3.1 Abahluli beHydrocyclone
I-hydrocyclone, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-cyclone, sisixhobo sokwahlulahlula esisebenzisa amandla e-centrifugal ukukhawulezisa izinga lokuhlalisa amaqhekeza e-slurry kunye namaqhekeza ahlukeneyo ngokobukhulu, imilo, kunye nomxhuzulane othile. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lwezimbiwa, apho ukusetyenziswa kwayo okuphambili ekucubungulweni kwezimbiwa kukwahlulahlula, okuye kwabonakala kusebenza kakuhle kakhulu kubungakanani bokwahlulwahlulwa okuncinci. Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimisebenzi yokugaya evaliweyo kodwa ifumene ezinye iindlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, ezifana nokususa i-sliming, ukususa i-gritting, kunye nokuqina.
I-hydrocyclone eqhelekileyo (Umfanekiso 8.12a) inesitsha esimile okwekhoni, esivulekileyo kwincopho yaso, okanye ukugeleza kwamanzi ngaphantsi, esidityaniswe necandelo lesilinda, elinokungena kokutya okuthambileyo. Umphezulu wecandelo lesilinda uvaliwe ngepleyiti edlula kuyo umbhobho wokugcwala ofakwe kwi-axial. Umbhobho wolulwa emzimbeni wesitshingitshane ngecandelo elifutshane, elisuswayo elaziwa ngokuba yi-vortex finder, elithintela ukujikeleza okufutshane kokutya ngqo ekugcwaleni. Ukutya kungeniswa phantsi koxinzelelo ngokungena kwe-tangential, okunika intshukumo ejikelezayo kwi-pulp. Oku kuvelisa i-vortex kwisitshingitshane, kunye nendawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ecaleni kwe-axis ethe nkqo, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 8.12b. Umongo womoya uphuhla ecaleni kwe-axis, oqhele ukuqhagamshelwa emoyeni ngokuvulwa kwe-apex, kodwa ngokuyinxenye kudalwe ngumoya onyibilikisiweyo ophuma kwisisombululo kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Amandla e-centrifugal akhawulezisa izinga lokuhlala kwamasuntswana, ngaloo ndlela ahlula amasuntswana ngokobukhulu, imo, kunye nomxhuzulane othile. Amasuntswana ahlala ngokukhawuleza aya eludongeni lwesivuthuvuthu, apho isantya siphantsi khona, aze afudukele kwindawo evulekileyo (underflow). Ngenxa yesenzo samandla okutsala, amasuntswana ahlala kancinci aya kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ecaleni kwe-axis aze athwalwe phezulu nge-vortex finder ukuya kwindawo ephuphumayo.
Umfanekiso 8.12. I-Hydrocyclone (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) kunye nebhetri ye-hydrocyclone. Incwadana ye-Cavex hydrocyclone overvew, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
Iihydrocyclones zisetyenziswa phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwiisekethe zokusila ngenxa yomthamo wazo ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Zingahlulahlula uluhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwee-particle sizes (ngesiqhelo i-5–500 μm), iiyunithi ezincinci zobubanzi zisetyenziselwa ukwahlulahlula kancinci. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-cyclone kwiisekethe zokusila ze-magnetite kunokubangela ukusebenza okungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yomahluko woxinano phakathi kwe-magnetite kunye neeminerali ezilahliweyo (i-silica). I-Magnetite inoxinano oluthile olumalunga ne-5.15, ngelixa i-silica inoxinano oluthile olumalunga ne-2.7.ii-hydrocyclones, iiminerali ezixineneyo zahlulwe ngobukhulu obuncinci kuneeminerali ezikhaphukhaphu. Ke ngoko, imagnetite ekhululweyo igxininiswa kwi-cyclone underflow, nto leyo ebangela ukuba imagnetite igrunjwe kakhulu. UNapier-Munn et al. (2005) baqaphele ukuba ubudlelwane phakathi kobukhulu obulungisiweyo bokusika (d50c) kwaye uxinano lwamasuntswana lulandela ukubonakaliswa kwale ndlela ilandelayo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokuhamba kunye nezinye izinto:
aphoρs bubuninzi bezinto eziqinileyo,ρl bubuninzi bolwelo, kwayeniphakathi kwe-0.5 kunye ne-1.0. Oku kuthetha ukuba impembelelo yoxinano lweeminerali ekusebenzeni kwenkanyamba inokuba nkulu kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukubadI-50c yemagnetite yi-25 μm, emva koko i-dI-50c yamasuntswana e-silica iya kuba yi-40–65 μm. Umfanekiso 8.13 ubonisa ii-curves ze-cyclone classification efficiency ze-magnetite (Fe3O4) kunye ne-silica (SiO2) ezifunyenwe kuphando lwe-industrial ball mill magnetite grinding circuit. Ukwahlulahlula ubungakanani be-silica kukhulu kakhulu, kunye ne-dI-50c kwi-Fe3O4 ye-29 μm, ngelixa eye-SiO2 iyi-68 μm. Ngenxa yesi simo, ii-magnetite grinding mills kwiisekethe ezivaliweyo ezine-hydrocyclones azisebenzi kakuhle kwaye zinamandla aphantsi xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iisekethe zokugaya ze-base metalore.
Umfanekiso 8.13. Ukusebenza kakuhle kweNkanyamba kwi-magnetite Fe3O4 kunye ne-silica SiO2—uphando lwemizi-mveliso.
Iteknoloji yeNkqubo yoXinzelelo oluPhezulu: Izinto ezisisiseko kunye nezicelo
I-MJ Cocero PhD, kwiThala leeNcwadi leKhemistri yezeShishini, ngo-2001
Izixhobo zokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo
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I-Hydrocyclone
Le yenye yezona ndlela zilula zokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo. Sisixhobo sokwahlula esisebenza kakuhle kwaye singasetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye noxinzelelo. Singabizi kakhulu kuba asinazo iindawo ezishukumayo kwaye asifuni kulungiswa kakhulu.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwezinto eziqinileyo ngumsebenzi oqinileyo wobukhulu be-particle kunye nobushushu. Ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa okupheleleyo okukufutshane ne-80% kunokwenzeka kwi-silica kunye namaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwe-300°C, ngelixa kuluhlu olufanayo lobushushu, ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa okupheleleyo kwama-zircon particles axineneyo kungaphezulu kwe-99% [29].
Eyona ngxaki iphambili yokusebenza kwe-hydrocyclone kukuthambekela kwezinye iityuwa ekunamatheleni eludongeni lwenkanyamba.
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Ukucoca okuncinci okunqamlezileyo
Izihluzi ze-cross-flow ziziphatha ngendlela efana naleyo idla ngokubonwa kwi-crossflow filtration phantsi kweemeko ezingqongileyo: ukwanda kwamazinga okucheba kunye nokuncipha kobuninzi bolwelo kubangela ukwanda kwenani le-filtrate. I-cross-microfiltration isetyenzisiwe ekwahlulweni kweetyuwa ezikhawulezileyo njengezinto eziqinileyo, nto leyo enika ukusebenza kakuhle kokwahlulwa kwamasuntswana ngokuqhelekileyo kudlula i-99.9%.okqhubekayo.[30] bafunde ngokwahlukana kwe-sodium nitrate emanzini angaphezulu kwe-critical. Phantsi kweemeko zophando, i-sodium nitrate yayikhona njengetyuwa enyibilikisiweyo kwaye yayikwazi ukunqumla isihluzo. Ukusebenza kokwahlulahlula kwafunyanwa okwahluka ngokweqondo lobushushu, kuba ukunyibilika kwehla njengoko ubushushu bunyuka, ukusuka kwi-40% ukuya kwi-85%, kwi-400 °C kunye ne-470 °C, ngokwahlukeneyo. Aba basebenzi bachaze indlela yokwahlulahlula njengesiphumo sokungena okucacileyo kwesixhobo sokucoca ukuya kwisisombululo esingaphezulu kwe-critical, ngokuchaseneyo netyuwa enyibilikisiweyo, ngokusekelwe kwi-viscosities yazo ecacileyo. Ke ngoko, akunakwenzeka ukucoca iityuwa ezikhawulezileyo njengezinto eziqinileyo kuphela kodwa nokucoca ezo tyuwa ziphantsi kokunyibilika ezikwimeko enyibilikisiweyo.
Iingxaki zokusebenza zazibangelwa kukubola kwesihluzo yityuwa.
Iphepha: Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto kunye nokuRisayikilishwa
UMnu. Doshi, JM Dyer, kwiModyuli yeNgcebiso kwiSayensi yeZinto kunye noBunjineli beZinto, ngo-2016
3.3 Ukucoca
Abacoci okanyeii-hydrocyclonessusa izinto ezingcolisayo kwi-pulp ngokusekelwe kumahluko woxinano phakathi kwento engcolisayo namanzi. Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngesitya soxinzelelo esinobume obuyi-conical okanye obuyi-cylindrical-conical apho i-pulp ifakwa khona ngendlela ethe tyaba kwicala elikhulu lobubanzi (Umfanekiso 6). Ngexesha lokudlula kwisicoci, i-pulp iphuhlisa ipateni yokuhamba kwe-vortex, efana neyenkanyamba. Ukuhamba kujikeleza kwi-axis ephakathi njengoko kudlula ukusuka kwindawo yokungena ukuya kwi-apex, okanye ukuvulwa kwe-underflow, ngaphakathi kodonga lwesicoci. Isantya sokuhamba esijikelezayo siyakhawuleza njengoko ububanzi be-cone buncipha. Kufuphi nesiphelo se-apex, ukuvulwa okuncinci kobubanzi kuthintela ukukhutshwa koninzi lokuhamba okuthi endaweni yoko kujikeleze kwi-vortex yangaphakathi embindini wesicoci. Ukuhamba kwi-inner core kuhamba ukusuka kwi-apex open de kuphume nge-vortex finder, ekwi-inner dameter ephezulu embindini wesicoci. Izinto ezinoxinano oluphezulu, ezixineneyo eludongeni lwesicoci ngenxa yamandla e-centrifugal, zikhutshwa kwi-apex ye-cone (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Umfanekiso 6. Iinxalenye ze-hydrocyclone, iipatheni eziphambili zokuhamba kwamanzi kunye neendlela zokuhlukana.
Izicoci zihlelwa njengeziphezulu, eziphakathi, okanye eziphantsi ngokuxhomekeke kubuninzi kunye nobukhulu bezinto ezingcolisayo ezisuswayo. Isicoci esinobunzima obuphezulu, esinobubanzi obuqala kwi-15 ukuya kwi-50 cm (6–20 in) sisetyenziselwa ukususa isinyithi esirhabaxa, iikliphu zamaphepha, kunye neestaples kwaye sihlala sibekwe emva kwepulper. Njengoko ububanzi besicoci buncipha, ukusebenza kwayo ekususeni izinto ezincinci kuyanda. Ngezizathu ezisebenzayo nezoqoqosho, isivunguvungu esinobubanzi obuyi-75-mm (3 in) ngokubanzi sesona sicoci sincinci esisetyenziswa kushishino lwephepha.
Izicoci ezibuyela umva kunye nezicoci ezidlulayo zenzelwe ukususa izinto ezingcolisayo ezinobunzima obuphantsi ezifana ne-wax, i-polystyrene, kunye nezinamathelayo. Izicoci ezibuyela umva zibizwa njalo kuba umsinga wokwamkela uqokelelwa kwincopho yokucoca ngelixa izinto ezilahlayo ziphuma xa kuphuphuma. Kwisicoci esidlulayo, izinto ezilahlayo ziphuma kwisiphelo esifanayo sesicoci, apho izinto ezilahlayo zikufutshane nodonga lwesicoci ezahlulwe kwizinto ezilahlayo yityhubhu ephakathi kufutshane nombindi wesicoci, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 7.
Umfanekiso 7. Iiskimu zesicoci se-throughflow.
Ii-centrifuge eziqhubekekayo ezazisetyenziswa ngeminyaka yoo-1920 noo-1930 ukususa isanti kwi-pulp zayekiswa emva kokuphuhliswa kwee-hydrocyclones. I-Gyroclean, eyaphuhliswa eCentre Technique du Papier, eGrenoble, eFransi, inesilinda ejikeleza nge-1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Ukudibana kwexesha elide lokuhlala kunye namandla aphezulu e-centrifugal kuvumela ungcoliseko oluphantsi koxinano ixesha elaneleyo lokufudukela embindini wesicoci apho zilahlwa khona ngokukhupha i-vortex ephakathi.
MT Thew, kwi-Encyclopedia of Separation Science, ngo-2000
Isishwankathelo
Nangona i-solid-liquidi-hydrocyclonesele imiselwe phantse yonke inkulungwane yama-20, ukusebenza okwaneleyo kokwahlulwa kolwelo nolwelo akuzange kufikelelwe kude kube ngeminyaka yoo-1980. Ishishini leoyile eliselunxwemeni lalifuna izixhobo ezincinci, ezomeleleyo nezithembekileyo zokususa ioyile engcolileyo eyahlulwe kakuhle emanzini. Le mfuneko yaneliswa luhlobo olwahlukileyo kakhulu lwe-hydrocyclone, ekwakungekho zixhobo zishukumayo.
Emva kokuchaza le mfuneko ngokupheleleyo nokuyithelekisa nokwahlulwa kwe-cyclonic eqinileyo-yolwelo ekucutshungulweni kwezimbiwa, iingenelo ezinikwe yi-hydrocyclone kwiintlobo zezixhobo ezifakelwe kwangaphambili ukuhlangabezana nomsebenzi ziyanikwa.
Iikhrayitheriya zovavanyo lokusebenza kokwahlulwa zidweliswe ngaphambi kokuxoxa ngokusebenza ngokwemigaqo yesondlo, ulawulo lomqhubi kunye namandla afunekayo, oko kukuthi, imveliso yokwehla koxinzelelo kunye nesantya sokuhamba kwamanzi.
Imeko-bume yokuveliswa kwepetroleum ibeka imida ethile kwizinto kwaye oku kuquka ingxaki yokukhukuliseka kweenxalenye ezincinci. Izinto eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zikhankanyiwe. Idatha yeendleko ezinxulumeneyo yeentlobo zezityalo zokwahlula ioyile, zombini imali kunye ne-recurrent, ichaziwe, nangona imithombo incinci. Okokugqibela, ezinye izikhokelo zophuhliso oluqhubekekayo zichaziwe, njengoko ishishini leoyile lijonge kwizixhobo ezifakwe elunxwemeni lolwandle okanye nasezantsi komthombo womthombo.
Ukusampula, Ulawulo, kunye nokulinganisela ubunzima
UBarry A. Wills, uJames A. Finch FRSC, iFCIM, uP.Eng., kwiTekhnoloji yokuLungiswa kweziMbiwa kaWills (uHlelo lwesibhozo), 2016
3.7.1 Ukusetyenziswa kobukhulu beenxalenye
Iiyunithi ezininzi, ezifanaii-hydrocycloneskunye nezahluli zomxhuzulane, zivelisa inqanaba lokwahlulahlula ubungakanani kwaye idatha yobukhulu bezinto ezincinci ingasetyenziselwa ukulinganisela ubunzima (Umzekelo 3.15).
Umzekelo 3.15 ngumzekelo wokunciphisa ukungalingani kwama-node; umzekelo, ubonelela ngexabiso lokuqala lokunciphisa izikwere ezincinci ngokubanzi. Le ndlela yemizobo ingasetyenziswa nanini na xa kukho idatha yecandelo "eligqithisileyo"; kumzekelo 3.9 ingasetyenziswa.
Umzekelo 3.15 usebenzisa i-cyclone njenge-node. I-node yesibini yi-sump: lo ngumzekelo we-inputs ezimbini (i-fresh feed kunye ne-ball mill discharge) kunye ne-output enye (i-cyclone feed). Oku kunika enye ibhalansi yobunzima (Umzekelo 3.16).
KwiSahluko sesi-9 sibuyela kulo mzekelo wesekethe yokusila sisebenzisa idatha elungisiweyo ukumisela ijika lokwahlulahlula i-cyclone.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Meyi-07-2019