Ibisobanuro
HydrocyclonesZifite ishusho ya cono-cylindrical, zifite aho zinjirira mu gice cy’umubumbe n’aho zisohokera kuri buri ruhande. Aho zisohokera mu gice cy’umubumbe cyitwa vortex finder kandi zigakwira mu muyaga kugira ngo zigabanye inzira y’amazi igenda iva mu mwobo. Ku mpera y’umubumbe hari aho zisohokera ha kabiri, spigot. Kugira ngo ingano itandukane, ahantu hombi hakunze gufungurirwa ikirere. Hydrocyclones muri rusange zikoreshwa mu kirere, spigot iri ku mpera yo hasi, bityo ibicuruzwa bikomeye byitwa underflow n’ibicuruzwa byiza, bigatuma vortex finder iba irenze urugero. Ishusho ya 1 igaragaza mu buryo bw’ishusho uburyo amazi anyuramo n’imiterere y’ikintu gisanzwe.hydrocyclone: imiyoboro ibiri, aho amazi yinjira n'aho amazi yinjira. Uretse agace k'aho amazi yinjira, umuvuduko w'amazi uri mu nkubi y'umuyaga uba ufite uburinganire bw'imirasire. Iyo imwe cyangwa zombi zifunguye mu kirere, agace k'umuvuduko muke gatera umwuka urimo umwuka ku ruhande rw'umurongo ugororotse, imbere mu mwobo w'imbere.
Ishusho ya 1. Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya hydrocyclone.
Ihame ry'imikorere ni ryoroshye: amazi, atwara utuntu duto duto, yinjira mu muyaga ugororotse, amanuka mu kirere, agatanga umuyoboro wa centrifugal mu muyaga wigenga. Uduce tunini tunyura mu mazi tujya hanze y'umuyaga mu buryo buzenguruka, hanyuma tugasohoka mu muyaga urimo igice cy'amazi. Bitewe n'aho umuyaga ugarukira, umuyaga w'imbere, uzenguruka mu cyerekezo kimwe n'umuyaga wo hanze ariko uzamuka, urashyirwaho maze ukava mu muyaga unyuze mu cyuma gishakisha umuyaga, utwaye igice kinini cy'amazi n'utundi duto. Iyo ubushobozi bwa spigot burenze, igice cy'umwuka kirafungwa kandi umuyaga usohoka uhinduka kuva ku isazi ifite ishusho nk'iy'umuhengeri ukajya ku 'mugozi' no gutakaza ibikoresho bikomeye bikagera ku muyaga mwinshi.
Umurambararo w'igice cy'uruziga ni wo mubare munini ugira ingaruka ku bunini bw'uduce dushobora gutandukana, nubwo uburebure bw'aho dusohokera bushobora guhindurwa ukwabwo kugira ngo hahindurwe itandukanyirizo ryabonetse. Mu gihe abakozi bo mu ntangiriro bagerageje inkubi z'umuyaga ntoya nka mm 5 z'umurambararo, uburebure bwa hydrocyclone y'ubucuruzi ubu buri hagati ya mm 10 na 2.5, aho ingano zitandukanya uduce dufite ubucucike bwa kg 2700 m−3 za 1.5–300 μm, zigabanuka uko ubucucike bw'uduce bwiyongera. Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'imikorere kuva kuri bar 10 ku duce duto kugeza kuri bar 0.5 ku duce tunini. Kugira ngo hongerwe ubushobozi, uduce duto twinshihydrocyclonesbishobora gukurwa mu murongo umwe w'ibiryo.
Nubwo ihame ry’imikorere ryoroshye, ibintu byinshi bijyanye n’imikorere yabyo ntibirasobanuka neza, kandi guhitamo no guhanura hydrocyclone mu mikorere y’inganda ahanini ni ibintu by’ingenzi.
Gushyira mu byiciro
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu ikoranabuhanga rya Wills ryo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro (Igitabo cya munani), 2016
9.4.3 Ibyuma bipima ikirere bivanze n'amazi ya Hydrocyclone
Hydrocyclones zaje kugaragara mu byiciro mu gihe cyo gukora ku ngano nto z’uduce duto mu miyoboro ifunze (<200 µm). Ariko, iterambere riherutse mu ikoranabuhanga rya ecran (Igice cya 8) ryavuguruye ubushake bwo gukoresha ecran mu miyoboro isya. Ecran ziratandukanye hashingiwe ku bunini kandi ntizigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku bucucike mu miyoboro y’amazi. Ibi bishobora kuba akarusho. Ecran nazo ntizigira igice cya bypass, kandi nk'uko Urugero rwa 9.2 rwabigaragaje, bypass ishobora kuba nini cyane (irenga 30% muri icyo gihe). Ishusho ya 9.8 igaragaza urugero rw'itandukaniro mu miyoboro igabanya ibice bya ecran na cyclone. Amakuru aturuka kuri El Brocal concentrator muri Peru hamwe n'isuzuma mbere na nyuma yuko hydrocyclones zisimbuwe na Derrick Stack Sizer® (reba Igice cya 8) mu miyoboro isya (Dündar et al., 2014). Bihuye n'ibyo byari byitezwe, ugereranije n'imiyoboro isya, ecran yari ifite itandukaniro rikomeye (umugozi w'umuyoboro uri hejuru) kandi ifite bypass nke. Kwiyongera k'ubushobozi bwa ecran isya byagaragaye bitewe n'umuvuduko mwinshi wo kwangirika nyuma yo gushyira ecran mu bikorwa. Ibi byatewe no gukuraho uburyo bwo gusimbuza, bigabanura ingano y'ibikoresho byiza byoherejwe mu nganda zisya, ibyo bikaba bigabanya ingaruka z'udukoko n'udukoko.
Ishusho ya 9.8. Imirongo igabanya inkubi z'umuyaga n'ibipimo mu gice cyo gusya kuri El Brocal concentrator.
(Byakuwe muri Dündar n'abandi. (2014))
Guhindura si uburyo bumwe, ariko: urugero ruherutse ni uguhindura kuva kuri ecran ujya kuri cyclone, kugira ngo haboneke inyungu ku kugabanuka kw'ingano y'amabuye y'agaciro yiyongera (Sasseville, 2015).
Imiterere n'igishushanyo mbonera by'ibyuma
Eoin H. Macdonald, mu gitabo cyitwa Handbook of Gold Exploration and Evaluation, 2007
Hydrocyclones
Hydrocyclones ni ibikoresho bikundwa cyane mu gupima cyangwa kugabanya ingano nini y'ibinure ku giciro gito kandi kubera ko bifata umwanya muto cyane wo hasi cyangwa umutwe. Bikora neza cyane iyo bigemurirwa ku muvuduko ungana w'amazi n'ubucucike bw'ibinure kandi bikoreshwa ukwabyo cyangwa mu matsinda kugira ngo bibone ubushobozi bwose bukenewe ku bice bikenewe. Ubushobozi bwo gupima bushingiye ku mbaraga za centrifugal ziterwa n'umuvuduko mwinshi w'amazi unyura muri icyo gice. Umuvuduko w'ibanze ukorwa n'ibinure byinjira ukora ku buryo buzenguruka ugana ku rukuta rw'imbere rw'ibinure. Ibintu bikomeye bijugunywa hanze n'imbaraga za centrifugal ku buryo uko ibinure bigenda bimanuka ari ko ubucucike bwabyo bwiyongera. Ibice bihagaze by'umuvuduko bimanuka hafi y'inkuta z'ibinure no hejuru hafi y'umurongo. Igice cy'ibinure gito gitandukanye cyane gishyirwa hejuru binyuze mu gikoresho cyo gushakisha ibinure kugira ngo gisohoke mu mwobo uri hejuru y'ibinure. Agace ko hagati cyangwa ibahasha hagati y'ibi binure byombi nta muvuduko uhagaze kandi gatandukanya ibintu bikomeye bigenda bimanuka n'ibintu byiza bigenda bizamuka. Igice kinini cy'amazi anyura hejuru mu mwobo muto w'imbere kandi imbaraga nyinshi za centrifugal zishyira utunyangingo twinshi tworoshye hanze bityo bigatanga uburyo bwo gutandukanya neza ingano nto. Utu duce dusubira mu mwobo wo hanze kandi twongera gutanga raporo ku gikoresho cyo kugaburira.
Imiterere n'imiterere y'imikorere mu buryo bw'uruziga rw'umuvuduko usanzwehydrocycloneBisobanurwa ku Ishusho ya 8.13. Impinduka mu mikorere ni ubucucike bw'ibiryo, umuvuduko w'amazi anyura mu biryo, imiterere y'ibintu bikomeye, umuvuduko w'amazi anyura mu biryo n'umuvuduko ugabanuka mu nkubi y'umuyaga. Impinduka mu biryo ni ubuso bw'amazi anyura mu biryo, umurambararo n'uburebure by'amazi anyura mu biryo, hamwe n'umurambararo w'amazi asohoka mu biryo. Agaciro k'ikigereranyo cyo gukurura na ko gaterwa ingaruka n'imiterere; uko agace gatandukanye bitewe n'ubugari bw'amazi ni ko gatuma imiterere yako iba nto kandi ubushobozi bwo kuyihagararaho burushaho kwiyongera. Agace gakomeye k'umuvuduko gashobora kugera ku duce twa zahabu tungana na mm 200 kandi gukurikirana neza inzira yo gushyira mu byiciro ni ngombwa kugira ngo bigabanye kongera gukoreshwa no kwiyongera kw'ibishishwa. Mu mateka, iyo hatabwaga cyane ku kugarura 150μIbinyampeke bya zahabu, gutwara zahabu mu bice by'ubutare bisa nkaho ari byo byatumye zahabu itakaza ku kigero cya 40–60% mu bikorwa byinshi byo gushyira zahabu mu ruganda.
8.13. Imiterere isanzwe y'ikinyabutabire n'imiterere y'imikorere ya hydrocyclone.
Ishusho ya 8.14 (Imbonerahamwe yo Guhitamo Warman) ni amahitamo y’ibanze y’inkubi z’umuyaga zo gutandukanya ku bunini butandukanye bwa D50 kuva kuri mikoroni 9-18 kugeza kuri mikoroni 33-76. Iyi mbonerahamwe, kimwe n’izindi mbonerahamwe z’imikorere y’inkubi y’umuyaga, ishingiye ku buryo bugenzurwa neza bw’ubwoko runaka. Ifata ko hari ibinini bikomeye bya kg 2,700/m3 mu mazi nk'ubuyobozi bwa mbere bwo guhitamo. Inkubi z’umuyaga nini zikoreshwa mu gutanga itandukanyirizo rikomeye ariko zikenera ingano nyinshi z’ibiribwa kugira ngo zikore neza. Itandukanyirizo rito ku bunini bw’ibiribwa risaba amatsinda y’inkubi z’umuyaga nto zikora icyarimwe. Ibipimo bya nyuma by’imiterere ya hafi bigomba kugenwa mu buryo bw’igerageza, kandi ni ngombwa guhitamo inkubi y’umuyaga iri hagati y’aho hantu kugira ngo hakorwe impinduka nto zishobora kuba ngombwa mu ntangiriro y’ibikorwa.
8.14. Imbonerahamwe y'ibanze yo gutoranya abatoranyijwe muri Warman.
Bivugwa ko inkubi y’umuyaga ya CBC (circulating bed) ishyira mu byiciro ibikoresho by’ibiribwa bya zahabu bifite umurambararo wa mm 5 kandi igatanga ibiryo byinshi bituruka ku mazi anyura munsi yayo. Gutandukana bibaho hafi yaDMikoroni 50/150 zishingiye kuri silica y'ubucucike bwa 2.65. Bivugwa ko inkubi y'umuyaga ya CBC ishobora gutandukanya ibintu bitewe n'uko ikwirakwizwa ryayo neza kandi ikuraho imyanda mito hafi ya yose. Ariko, nubwo iyi sisitemu bivugwa ko ikora ingano y'amabuye y'agaciro akomeye mu buryo bworoshye mu gihe kimwe iva ku biryo birebire (urugero: umucanga w'amabuye y'agaciro), nta mibare nk'iyo iboneka ku bikoresho by'ibiryo birimo zahabu nziza n'iy'ibitunguru. Imbonerahamwe ya 8.5 itanga amakuru ya tekiniki ya AKWhydrocyclonesku ngingo zo guhagarika hagati ya mikoroni 30 na 100.
Imbonerahamwe 8.5. Amakuru ya tekiniki kuri hydrocyclones za AKW
| Ubwoko (KRS) | Ingano (mm) | Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko | Ubushobozi | Aho gukata (mikoroni) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Uduce duto (m3/isaha) | Ibikomeye (t/h ntarengwa). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30–50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11–30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18–60 | 15 | 40–60 |
| (RWN)6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40–140 | 40 | 50–100 |
Iterambere mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya no gushyira mu byiciro amabuye y'agaciro
A. Jankovic, mu byuma by'icyuma, 2015
8.3.3.1 Ibitandukanya Hydrocyclone
Hydrocyclone, izwi kandi nka cyclone, ni igikoresho gishyira mu byiciro gikoresha imbaraga za centrifugal kugira ngo cyihutishe umuvuduko wo gutuza kw'uduce duto tw'amazi n'uduce dutandukanye hakurikijwe ingano, imiterere, n'uburemere bwihariye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'amabuye y'agaciro, aho ikoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro ari nk'ikintu gitandukanya amabuye y'agaciro, cyagaragaye ko gikora neza cyane mu bunini bwo gutandukanya ibintu. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa byo gusya ibintu bifunze ariko yasanze hari izindi nyungu nyinshi, nko gutandukanya ibintu, gukuramo grit, no gukurura ibintu.
Hydrocyclone isanzwe (Ishusho ya 8.12a) igizwe n'ubwato bufite ishusho y'urukiramende, bufunguye ku gasongero kabwo, cyangwa ubushyuhe burenze, bufatanye n'igice cy'umuzenguruko, gifite aho binjirira hafite aho binjirira. Igice cyo hejuru cy'igice cy'umuzenguruko gifunze hamwe n'isahani inyuramo umuyoboro w'amazi ushyizwe ku murongo. Umuyoboro wongerwa mu mubiri w'umuzenguruko hakoreshejwe igice kigufi, gikurwaho kizwi nka vortex finder, kibuza ko ibiryo bijya mu buryo butunguranye mu mazi menshi. Ibi biryo byinjizwa munsi y'umuvuduko unyuze mu nzira y'amazi menshi, bigatuma impumuro izenguruka. Ibi bitanga umwuka mu muzenguruko, hamwe n'agace k'umuvuduko muto ku murongo ugororotse, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 8.12b. Umutima w'umwuka utera imbere ku murongo, ubusanzwe uhujwe n'ikirere binyuze mu mwobo wo hejuru, ariko igice kimwe kiremwa n'umwuka ushongeshejwe uva mu gisubizo mu gace k'umuvuduko muto. Imbaraga za centrifugal zihutisha umuvuduko wo gutuza kw'uduce, bityo bigatandukanya uduce dukurikije ingano, imiterere, n'uburemere bwihariye. Uduce duto duto twimuka vuba tujya ku rukuta rw'inkubi y'umuyaga, aho umuvuduko uba uri hasi cyane, maze tujya mu mwobo wo hejuru (underflow). Bitewe n'imikorere y'imbaraga zo gukurura, utwo duce duto duto twimuka buhoro tujya mu gace k'umuvuduko muke ku ruhande rw'umurongo hanyuma tukajyanwa hejuru tunyuze mu cyuma gishakisha umwuka kugeza ku muvuduko w'amazi.
Ishusho ya 8.12. Hydrocyclone (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) na bateri ya hydrocyclone. Agatabo ka Cavex hydrocyclone kari ku rubuga rwacu, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
Hydrocyclones zikoreshwa hafi ya hose mu gusya kubera ubushobozi bwazo bwinshi n'ubushobozi bwazo. Zishobora kandi gushyira mu byiciro bitandukanye cyane by'ingano y'uduce duto (ubusanzwe 5-500 μm), uduce duto tw'umurambararo dukoreshwa mu gushyira mu byiciro bito. Ariko, ikoreshwa rya cyclone mu gusya magnetite rishobora gutuma imikorere idakora neza bitewe n'itandukaniro ry'ubucucike hagati ya magnetite n'imyanda (silika). Magnetite ifite ubucucike bwihariye bwa 5.15, mu gihe silika ifite ubucucike bwihariye bwa 2.7.hydrocyclones, amabuye y'agaciro menshi atandukanye ku bunini buto buciwe kurusha amabuye yoroheje. Kubwibyo, magnetite yakuwemo irimo kwinjizwa mu muyaga urenze urugero, bigatera gusya cyane magnetite. Napier-Munn et al. (2005) bavuze ko isano iri hagati y'ingano yaciwe yahinduwe (d50c) kandi ubucucike bw'uduce bukurikira imiterere ikurikira bitewe n'imiterere y'urujya n'uruza n'ibindi bintu:
ahoρs ni ubucucike bw'ibintu bikomeye,ρl ni ubucucike bw'amazi, kandiniri hagati ya 0.5 na 1.0. Ibi bivuze ko ingaruka z'ubucucike bw'amabuye y'agaciro ku mikorere y'inkubi y'umuyaga zishobora kuba ingenzi cyane. Urugero, nibad50c ya magnetite ni 25 μm, hanyumad50c z'uduce twa silica bizaba 40–65 μm. Ishusho ya 8.13 igaragaza imiyoboro y'uburyo umuyaga ushyirwa mu byiciro bya magnetite (Fe3O4) na silica (SiO2) byabonetse mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe ku ruganda rusya magnetite. Ingano ya silica ni nini cyane, hamwe n'ahod50c kuri Fe3O4 ya 29 μm, mu gihe iya SiO2 ari 68 μm. Kubera iki kibazo, inganda zisya magnetite mu mpande zifunze zifite hydrocyclones ntizikora neza kandi zifite ubushobozi buke ugereranije n'izindi mpande zisya ibyuma.
Ishusho ya 8.13. Ikoreshwa ry'inkubi y'umuyaga kuri magnetite Fe3O4 na silica SiO2—ubushakashatsi ku nganda.
Ikoranabuhanga mu gutunganya umuvuduko mwinshi: Ibintu by'ingenzi n'ikoreshwa ryabyo
MJ Cocero PhD, mu Isomero ry'Ubutabire bw'Inganda, 2001
Ibikoresho byo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye
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Ingunguru y'amazi
Iyi ni imwe mu bwoko bworoshye bwo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye. Ni igikoresho cyo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye kandi gishobora gukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibintu bikomeye ku bushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi. Birahendutse kuko nta bice byimuka kandi ntibisaba kwitabwaho cyane.
Ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye ni urwego rukomeye rw'ubunini bw'uduce n'ubushyuhe. Ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya hafi ya 80% bushoboka kuri silica n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 300°C, mu gihe mu bushyuhe bumwe, ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye ku duce twa zircon turi hejuru ya 99% [29].
Imbogamizi nyamukuru y’imikorere ya hydrocyclone ni uko imyunyu imwe n’imwe ifata ku nkuta z’inkubi y’umuyaga.
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Kuyungurura mikoro
Imashini ziyungurura amazi zikora nk'uko bisanzwe bigaragara mu kuyungurura amazi mu bihe biri hagati y'ikirere: kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko wo gukata no kugabanuka k'ubucucike bw'amazi bituma umubare w'imashini ziyungurura wiyongera. Kuyungurura amazi hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa "cross-flow filter" byakoreshejwe mu gutandukanya imyunyungugu nk'ibintu bikomeye, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya utunyangingo burushaho kurenga 99.9%.n'abandi.[30] yize ku gutandukanya n’amazi ya sodium nitrate n’amazi akomeye. Mu gihe cy’ubushakashatsi, nitrate ya sodium yari ihari nk’umunyu washongeshejwe kandi yashoboraga kwambuka akayunguruzo. Uburyo bwo gutandukanya bwabonetse butandukanye bitewe n’ubushyuhe, kuko gushonga kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, hagati ya 40% na 85%, kuri 400 °C na 470 °C, uko bikurikirana. Aba bakozi basobanuye uburyo bwo gutandukanya bitewe n’uburyo bugaragara bwo kwinjira kw’uburyo bwo kuyungurura bugana ku munyu ukomeye, bitandukanye n’umunyu washongeshejwe, hashingiwe ku buryo bugaragara neza. Kubwibyo, ntibyashobokaga kuyungurura umunyu washongeshejwe nk’ibintu bikomeye gusa ahubwo no kuyungurura umunyu ushongeshejwe uri mu buryo bwo gushonga.
Ibibazo by’imikorere byaterwaga ahanini n’ingufu zavaga ku byuma biyungurura imyunyu.
Inyandiko: Ibikoresho Bishobora Gukoreshwa mu Kuvugurura no Gukoresha Ibikoresho Bishobora Gukoreshwa mu Kuvugurura
MR Doshi, JM Dyer, mu Isomo ry'Icyitegererezo mu Siyansi y'Ibikoresho n'Ubwubatsi bw'Ibikoresho, 2016
3.3 Isuku
Abasukura cyangwahydrocyclonesKuraho imyanda mu ruhu hashingiwe ku itandukaniro ry’ubucucike hagati y’imyanda n’amazi. Ibi bikoresho bigizwe n’icyuma gishyushya amazi gifite imiterere y’umuvuduko w’amazi cyangwa cylindrical-conical aho uruhu rushyirwa mu buryo bugaragara ku mpera nini y’umurambararo (Ishusho ya 6). Mu gihe cyo kunyura mu cyuma gisukura, uruhu rukora imiterere y’amazi, isa n’iy’inkubi y’umuyaga. Amazi agenda azenguruka impande zo hagati uko agenda ava mu nzira yinjira agana hejuru, cyangwa mu mwobo unyura munsi y’amazi, imbere mu rukuta rw’icyuma gisukura. Umuvuduko w’amazi uzenguruka urihuta uko umurambararo w’amazi ugabanuka. Hafi y’impera y’umurambararo, uruhu ruto rw’umurambararo rubuza amazi menshi gusohoka ahubwo akazenguruka mu mwobo w’imbere mu gice cy’icyuma gisukura. Amazi agenda mu gice cy’imbere asohoka ava mu mwobo w’umurambararo kugeza igihe asohokera mu cyuma gishakisha amazi, kiri ku mpera nini y’umurambararo hagati mu cyuma gisukura. Ibintu bifite ubucucike bwinshi, bigizwe n’urukuta rw’icyuma gisukura bitewe n’imbaraga za centrifugal, bisohokera ku mpera y’icyuma gisukura (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Ishusho ya 6. Ibice bya hydrocyclone, imiterere y'amazi akomeye n'uburyo atandukana.
Imashini zisukura zishyirwa mu byiciro by’ubucucike buri hejuru, buri hagati, cyangwa buri hasi bitewe n’ubucucike n’ingano y’imyanda ikurwaho. Imashini isukura ifite ubucucike bwinshi, ifite umurambararo uri hagati ya santimetero 15 na 50 (6-20 inches) ikoreshwa mu gukuraho ibyuma, impapuro zifunga, n’ibikoresho bya staples kandi akenshi ishyirwa inyuma y’icyuma gisukura. Uko umurambararo w’imyanda ugabanuka, ubushobozi bwayo mu gukuraho imyanda mito burushaho kwiyongera. Kubera impamvu zumvikana n’iz’ubukungu, inkubi y’umuyaga ifite umurambararo wa mm 75 (3 inches) muri rusange ni yo ntoya cyane ikoreshwa mu nganda z’impapuro.
Imashini zisukura zisubira inyuma n'izisukura zisubira inyuma zigenewe gukuraho imyanda mike nka wax, polystyrene, na stickies. Imashini zisukura zisubira inyuma zitwa gutyo kuko umugezi ukira ukusanywa ku gasongero k'isuku mu gihe imashini zisubira inyuma zisohoka iyo zirenze. Mu isukura risubira inyuma, imashini zisukura zisubira inyuma zisohoka ku mpera imwe y'isukura, hamwe n'imashini zisukura hafi y'urukuta rw'isukura zitandukanyijwe n'imashini zisukura n'umuyoboro wo hagati hafi y'umutima w'isukura, nk'uko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 7.
Ishusho ya 7. Imiterere y'icyuma gisukura amazi.
Imashini zikoresha centrifuge zihoraho zakoreshejwe mu myaka ya 1920 na 1930 mu gukuramo umucanga mu ruhu zarahagaritswe nyuma y’uko habayeho hydrocyclones. Gyroclean, yakozwe muri Centre Technique du Papier, Grenoble, mu Bufaransa, igizwe na silindiri izenguruka kuri 1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Uruvange rw’igihe kirekire cyo guturamo n’imbaraga nyinshi zo gupima centrifuge rutuma ibintu bihumanya ikirere bike bimara igihe gihagije cyo kwimukira mu gice cy’isuku aho byanzwe binyuze mu muyoboro wo hagati w’amazi.
MT Thew, muri Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000
Incamake
Nubwo ikintu gikomeye-amazihydrocycloneYashinzwe mu kinyejana cya 20 hafi ya cyose, imikorere ishimishije yo gutandukanya amazi n'amazi ntiyageze mu myaka ya 1980. Inganda za peteroli zo mu mazi zari zikeneye ibikoresho bito, bikomeye kandi byizewe byo gukuramo amavuta yanduye yaciwe neza mu mazi. Iki cyifuzo cyagezweho n'ubwoko butandukanye cyane bwa hydrocyclone, birumvikana ko nta bice byimuka byari bifite.
Nyuma yo gusobanura iki kibazo mu buryo bwimbitse no kugigereranya n’itandukaniro rya cyclonic hagati y’ibinyabutabire n’ibikomoka ku mabuye y’agaciro, inyungu hydrocyclone yatanze ku bwoko bw’ibikoresho byashyizweho mbere kugira ngo byuzuze inshingano ziratangwa.
Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma imikorere yo gutandukana n’ibindi biravugwa mbere yo kuganira ku mikorere hakurikijwe imiterere y’ibiryo, uburyo imikorere ikoreshwa n’ingufu zikenewe, ni ukuvuga umusaruro w’igabanuka ry’umuvuduko w’amazi n’umuvuduko w’amazi.
Ibidukikije byo gukora peteroli bishyiraho imbogamizi zimwe na zimwe ku bikoresho, harimo n'ikibazo cy'isuri. Ibikoresho bisanzwe bikoreshwa biravugwa. Amakuru ajyanye n'ikiguzi cy'ubwoko bw'uruganda rutandukanya peteroli, haba imari shingiro cyangwa isubiramo, aragaragazwa, nubwo amasoko ari make. Amaherezo, hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bigaragaza iterambere rirambye, kuko inganda zikora peteroli zireba ibikoresho byashyizwe ku butaka bw'inyanja cyangwa ndetse no munsi y'amazi.
Gutanga ingero, kugenzura, no kuringaniza ubwinshi bw'abantu
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., mu ikoranabuhanga rya Wills ryo gutunganya amabuye y'agaciro (Igitabo cya munani), 2016
3.7.1 Ikoreshwa ry'ingano y'uduce
Ibice byinshi, nkahydrocyclonesn'ibikoresho byo gutandukanya imbaraga za rukuruzi, bitanga urugero rw'itandukaniro ry'ingano kandi amakuru y'ingano y'uduce ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuringaniza uburemere (Urugero rwa 3.15).
Urugero rwa 3.15 ni urugero rwo kugabanya ubusumbane bw'amanode; rutanga, urugero, agaciro k'ibanze ku kugabanya kare nkeya muri rusange. Ubu buryo bwo gushushanya bushobora gukoreshwa igihe cyose hari amakuru "yarenze" y'ibice; mu rugero rwa 3.9 bwashoboraga gukoreshwa.
Urugero rwa 3.15 rukoresha umuyaga nk'agace k'umuraba. Agace ka kabiri ni agace k'umuraba: uru ni urugero rw'ibintu bibiri byinjira (ibiryo bishya n'ibikomoka ku mupira) n'umusaruro umwe (ibiryo bya cyclone). Ibi bitanga ubundi buryo bwo kuringaniza ingano (Urugero rwa 3.16).
Mu Gice cya 9 turagaruka kuri uru rugero rw'uruhererekane rw'amashanyarazi dukoresheje amakuru yahinduwe kugira ngo tumenye umurongo w'uruhererekane rw'umuyaga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-07-2019