Whakaahuatanga
Ngā hauwaiporonihe āhua porotaka-pūmau te āhua, me te urunga whāngai pātata ki te wāhanga porotaka me te putanga i ia tuaka. Ko te putanga i te wāhanga porotaka ka kiia ko te kairapu vortex, ā, ka toro atu ki roto i te cyclone hei whakaiti i te rere o te ara iahiko poto mai i te urunga. Kei te pito kōniko te putanga tuarua, te spigot. Mō te wehenga rahi, e rua ngā putanga e tuwhera ana ki te hau. Ko ngā hydrocyclone ka whakahaerehia poutū me te spigot i te pito o raro, nō reira ka kiia te hua matotoru ko te rere o raro me te hua pai, ka waiho ko te kairapu vortex, te waipuke. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 1 i ngā āhuatanga matua o te rere me te hoahoa o tētahi momo.hauwaipōro: ngā awhiowhio e rua, te tomokanga whāngai pātata me ngā putanga tuaka. Haunga te rohe tata o te tomokanga pātata, he rite te nekehanga wai i roto i te awhiowhio ki te radius. Mena kei te tuwhera tetahi, e rua rānei o ngā putanga ki te hau, ka puta he pokapū hau i te taha o te tuaka poutū, i roto i te awhiowhio o roto, nā te rohe pēhanga iti.
Pikitia 1. Ngā āhuatanga matua o te hydrocyclone.
He māmā noa te kaupapa whakahaere: ka uru te wai, e kawe ana i ngā matūriki iri, ki roto i te awhiowhio mā te taha whakarara, ka huri ki raro, ka puta he mara porotītaha i roto i te rere āwhiowhio kore utu. Ka neke ngā matūriki nunui i roto i te wai ki waho o te awhiowhio i roto i te nekehanga porowhita, ka puta atu i roto i te paipa me te wāhanga o te wai. Nā te rohe whakawhāiti o te paipa, ka whakatūria he paipa o roto, e huri ana i te ahunga kotahi ki te paipa o waho engari e rere ana ki runga, ka wehe atu i te paipa mā roto i te kimi paipa, e kawe ana i te nuinga o te wai me ngā matūriki angiangi. Mena ka nui ake te kaha o te paipa, ka kati te matua hau, ā, ka huri te rerenga paipa mai i te rehu āhua maru ki te 'taura' me te ngaronga o ngā rauemi matotoru ki te waipuke.
Ko te whānui o te wāhanga porotaka te taurangi matua e pā ana ki te rahi o te matūriki ka taea te wehe, ahakoa ka taea te whakarerekē motuhake i ngā whānui putanga hei whakarerekē i te wehenga i tutuki. Ahakoa i whakamātau ngā kaimahi o mua i ngā awhiowhio he iti noa iho te whānui o te 5 mm, ko ngā whānui o te hydrocyclone arumoni i tēnei wā kei waenga i te 10 mm ki te 2.5 m, me ngā rahi wehewehe mō ngā matūriki he 2700 kg m−3 te matotoru o te 1.5–300 μm, ka heke iho me te pikinga o te matotoru o te matūriki. Ko te hekenga pēhanga mahi kei waenga i te 10 pae mō ngā whānui iti ki te 0.5 pae mō ngā waeine nui. Hei whakanui ake i te kaha, he maha ngā mea itingā hauwaiporoka taea te whakaputa mai i te raina whāngai kotahi.
Ahakoa he māmā te mātāpono o te whakahaere, he maha ngā āhuatanga o tā rātou whakahaere kāore anō kia tino mārama, ā, ko te kōwhiringa me te matapae i te hydrocyclone mō te whakahaere ahumahi he mea ā-wheako noa iho.
Whakarōpūtanga
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., i roto i te Hangarau Tukatuka Kohuke a Wills (Putanga Tuawaru), 2016
9.4.3 Ngā Waiporokihana me ngā Mata
Kua riro te whakarōpūtanga o ngā hauwaiporo hei mea nui ina whakamahia ngā rahi matūriki iti i roto i ngā ara huri kua kati (<200 µm). Heoi, nā ngā whanaketanga hou o te hangarau mata (Upoko 8) kua whakahoutia te hiahia ki te whakamahi i ngā mata i roto i ngā ara huri. Ka wehea ngā mata i runga i te rahi, ā, kāore e pāngia tika e te horapa kiato i roto i ngā kohuke whāngai. He painga pea tēnei. Kāore hoki he wāhanga taha taha o ngā mata, ā, e ai ki te Tauira 9.2, ka taea e te taha taha te tino nui (neke atu i te 30% i taua take). E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 9.8 i tētahi tauira o te rerekētanga o te pihi wehewehe mō ngā awhiowhio me ngā mata. Nō te El Brocal concentrator i Peru ngā raraunga me ngā aromatawai i mua atu me muri i te whakakapinga o ngā hauwaiporo ki te Derrick Stack Sizer® (tirohia te Upoko 8) i roto i te ara huri (Dündar et al., 2014). E rite ana ki te tumanako, ki te whakatauritea ki te awhiowhio he wehewehe koi ake te mata (he teitei ake te pikinga o te pihi) ā, he iti noa te taha taha. I pūrongohia he pikinga o te kaha o te ara huri nā te nui ake o ngā reiti pakaru i muri i te whakatinanatanga o te mata. I pēnei ai nā te whakakorenga o te ara whakawhiti, te whakaiti i te nui o ngā rauemi pai rawa e tukuna ana ki ngā mira huri, ā, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā pānga o ngā matūriki ki ngā matūriki.
Pikitia 9.8. Ngā kōpiko wehewehe mō ngā awhiowhio me ngā mata i roto i te ara huri i te pūwhakakotahi El Brocal.
(He mea tango mai i a Dündar et al. (2014))
Ehara i te mea kotahi te huarahi e huri ai: ko tētahi tauira tata nei ko te huri mai i te mata ki te porowhita, hei whakamahi i te whakaiti rahi atu o ngā kohuke utu kiato ake (Sasseville, 2015).
Te tukanga me te hoahoa whakarewa
Eoin H. Macdonald, i roto i te Pukapuka ā-ringa mō te tūhuratanga me te aromatawai koura, 2007
Ngā hauwaiporoni
Ko ngā hydrocyclone ngā waeine pai mō te rahi, te tango rānei i te paru nui, he iti te utu, nā te mea he iti noa te wāhi papa, te wāhi upoko rānei e nohoia ana e rātou. Ka tino whai hua te mahi ina whāngaihia ki te tere rere ōrite me te mātotoru penupenu, ā, ka whakamahia takitahi, i roto rānei i ngā rōpū hei whiwhi i te katoa o ngā kaha e hiahiatia ana i ngā wehenga e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā kaha rahi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kaha porotītaha i hangaia e ngā tere rere teitei i roto i te waeine. Ko te awhiowhio tuatahi i hangaia e te paru e haere mai ana ka mahi porowhita ki raro huri noa i te pakitara kōne o roto. Ka whiua ngā totoka ki waho e te kaha porotītaha kia piki ake ai te mātotoru i te nekenga o te penupenu ki raro. Ko ngā wāhanga poutū o te tere ka mahi ki raro tata ki ngā pakitara kōne, ā, ki runga tata ki te tuaka. Ko te wāhanga paru iti ake te mātotoru kua wehea e te porotītaha ka akiakihia ki runga mā te kimi awhiowhio kia puta atu mā te whakatuwheratanga i te pito o runga o te kōne. Ko te rohe waenga, te takai rānei i waenganui i ngā rerenga e rua, kāore he tere poutū, ā, ka wehea ngā totoka matotoru e neke ana ki raro mai i ngā totoka angiangi e neke ana ki runga. Ka piki ake te nuinga o te rere i roto i te awhiowhio iti o roto, ā, ka makahia e ngā kaha porotītaha teitei ake ngā matūriki nui o ngā matūriki angiangi ki waho, kia pai ake ai te wehenga o ngā rahi angiangi. Ka hoki ēnei matūriki ki te awhiowhio o waho, ka hoki anō ki te whāngai jig.
Ko te āhuahanga me ngā tikanga whakahaere i roto i te tauira rere porowhita o tētahi momo noahauwaipōrokei te whakaahuahia i te Pikitia 8.13. Ko ngā taurangi whakahaere ko te kiato penupenu, te tere rere o te whāngai, ngā āhuatanga o ngā totoka, te pēhanga tomonga whāngai me te hekenga pēhanga i roto i te awhiowhio. Ko ngā taurangi awhiowhio ko te horahanga o te tomonga whāngai, te whānui me te roa o te kimi vortex, me te whānui o te tukunga paipa. Ka pāngia hoki te uara o te tauwehenga tōia e te āhua; ko te nui ake o te rerekētanga o te matūriki mai i te porowhita, ko te iti ake o tōna āhua me te nui ake o tōna ātete taunga. Ka toro atu pea te rohe ahotea nui ki ētahi matūriki koura he nui ki te 200 mm te rahi, ā, he mea nui te aroturuki tupato i te tukanga whakarōpū hei whakaiti i te hangarua nui me te hua o te hanga paru. I mua, i te wā i iti ai te aro ki te whakaora o te 150μm o ngā konganuku koura, ko te pikinga o te koura i roto i ngā wāhanga paru te take nui o te ngaronga o te koura i tae ki te 40–60% i roto i te maha o ngā mahi whakapuru koura.
8.13. Te āhua noa me ngā āhuatanga whakahaere o te hauāwhiowhio.
Ko te Pikitia 8.14 (Te Tūtohi Kōwhiringa Warman) he kōwhiringa tuatahi o ngā awhiowhio hei wehewehe i ngā rahinga D50 rerekē mai i te 9–18 maikoroni ki te 33–76 maikoroni. Ko tēnei tūtohi, pērā i ētahi atu tūtohi o te mahi awhiowhio, e hangai ana ki tētahi whāngai e āta whakahaeretia ana o tētahi momo motuhake. E whakaaro ana ko te ihirangi totoka o te 2,700 kg/m3 i roto i te wai hei aratohu tuatahi ki te kōwhiringa. Ka whakamahia ngā awhiowhio whānui nui hei whakaputa wehenga matotoru engari me nui ngā rahinga whāngai mō te mahi tika. Ko ngā wehenga pai i ngā rahinga whāngai teitei me whai tautau o ngā awhiowhio whānui iti e mahi tahi ana. Me whakatau ngā tawhā hoahoa whakamutunga mō te rahi tata mā te whakamātautau, ā, he mea nui kia whiriwhiria he awhiowhio i waenganui o te awhe kia taea ai te mahi i ngā whakarerekētanga iti e hiahiatia ana i te tīmatanga o ngā mahi.
8.14. Tūtohi kōwhiringa tuatahi a Warman.
E kīia ana ka taea e te awhiowhio CBC (moenga hurihuri) te whakarōpū i ngā rauemi whāngai koura parakore tae atu ki te 5 mm te whānui, ā, ka whiwhi i te whāngai jig teitei tonu mai i te rerenga o raro. Ka puta te wehenga i te tata kiD50/150 maikoroni i runga i te silica o te mātotoru 2.65. E kīia ana he tino pai te wehenga o te CBC cyclone ki te jig nā te mea he maeneene te pihi tohatoha rahi me te tango katoa i ngā matūriki para. Heoi, ahakoa e kīia ana ka puta i tēnei pūnaha he kukū tuatahi kounga teitei o ngā kohuke taumaha ōrite i roto i te kotahi haerenga mai i tētahi whāngai whānuitanga rahi roa (hei tauira, onepu kohuke), kāore he tatauranga mahi pēnei e wātea ana mō ngā rauemi whāngai alluvial kei roto ko te koura pai me te koura pakarukaru. Kei te Ripanga 8.5 ngā raraunga hangarau mō AKW.ngā hauwaiporomō ngā pūwāhi tapahi i waenga i te 30 me te 100 microns.
Ripanga 8.5. Ngā raraunga hangarau mō ngā hydrocyclone AKW
| Momo (KRS) | Diameter (mm) | Te hekenga o te pēhanga | Te kaha | Te pūwāhi tapahi (microns) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parapara (m3/hr) | Ngā mea totoka (t/h mōrahi). | ||||
| 2118 | 100 | 1–2.5 | 9.27 | 5 | 30–50 |
| 2515 | 125 | 1–2.5 | 11–30 | 6 | 25–45 |
| 4118 | 200 | 0.7–2.0 | 18–60 | 15 | 40–60 |
| (RWN)6118 | 300 | 0.5–1.5 | 40–140 | 40 | 50–100 |
Ngā whanaketanga i roto i ngā hangarau whakarōpū me te wawahi rino
A. Jankovic, i roto i te Iron Ore, 2015
8.3.3.1 Ngā wehewehenga waiporoporo
Ko te hydrocyclone, e mōhiotia ana ko te cyclone, he taputapu whakarōpū e whakamahi ana i te kaha centrifugal hei whakatere i te tere o te taunga o ngā matūriki paru me te wehewehe i ngā matūriki kia rite ki te rahi, te āhua, me te taumaha motuhake. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i te umanga kohuke, ko tōna whakamahinga matua i roto i te tukatuka kohuke he mea whakarōpū, kua kitea he tino whai hua i roto i ngā rahi wehewehe pai. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mahi huri porowhita-kati engari he maha atu ngā whakamahinga kua kitea, pērā i te tango paru, te tango kirikiri, me te whakamātotoru.
Ko te hydrocyclone noa (Pikitia 8.12a) he oko āhua kōniko, tuwhera i tōna tihi, i raro rānei, e hono ana ki tētahi wāhanga porotaka, he tomokanga whāngai tāwhā. Ko te tihi o te wāhanga porotaka kua katihia ki tētahi pereti e haere ana i roto i tētahi paipa waipuke e mau ana ki te tuaka. Ka toro atu te paipa ki roto i te tinana o te cyclone e tētahi wāhanga poto, ka taea te tango e mōhiotia ana ko te vortex finder, e ārai ana i te poto o te whāngai tika ki roto i te waipuke. Ka whakaurua te whāngai i raro i te pēhanga mā te tomokanga tāwhā, e tuku ana i tētahi nekehanga hurihuri ki te penupenu. Ka puta he vortex i roto i te cyclone, me tētahi rohe pēhanga iti i te taha o te tuaka poutū, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 8.12b. Ka whakawhanakehia he hau-matua i te taha o te tuaka, e hono ana ki te hau mā te whakatuwheratanga o te tihi, engari i hangaia i tētahi wāhanga e te hau rewa e puta mai ana i te otinga i te rohe pēhanga iti. Ka whakaterehia e te kaha centrifugal te tere taunga o ngā matūriki, ā, ka wehea ngā matūriki i runga i te rahi, te āhua, me te taumaha motuhake. Ka neke ngā matūriki tere te taunga ki te pakitara o te awhiowhio, te wāhi e iti rawa ai te tere, ka heke ki te whakatuwheratanga o te tihi (te rere ki raro). Nā te mahi a te kaha tō, ka neke ngā matūriki puhoi te taunga ki te rohe pēhanga iti i te taha o te tuaka, ā, ka haria ki runga mā te kairapu vortex ki te puea.
Pikitia 8.12. Te hauāwhiowhio (https://www.aeroprobe.com/applications/examples/australian-mining-industry-uses-aeroprobe-equipment-to-study-hydro-cyclone) me te pākahiko hauāwhiowhio. Pukapuka tirotiro hauāwhio Cavex, https://www.weirminerals.com/products_services/cavex.aspx.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā hydrocyclone i roto i ngā ara hurihanga nā te mea he nui te kaha me te pai o te mahi. Ka taea hoki e rātou te whakarōpū i runga i te whānuitanga o ngā rahi matūriki (te nuinga o te wā 5–500 μm), ko ngā waeine diameter iti ake e whakamahia ana mō te whakarōpūtanga pai ake. Heoi, ko te tono cyclone i roto i ngā ara hurihanga magnetite ka kore e whai hua te mahi nā te rerekētanga o te matotoru i waenga i te magnetite me ngā kohuke para (silica). Ko te matotoru motuhake o te magnetite he 5.15, ko te matotoru motuhake o te silica he 2.7. I roto ingā hauwaiporo, ka wehea ngā kohuke matotoru i te rahi tapahi angiangi ake i ngā kohuke māmā ake. Nō reira, kei te kukū te magnetite kua wetekina ki roto i te rerenga o te awhiowhio, ā, ka huri nui te magnetite. I kī a Napier-Munn et al. (2005) ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te rahi tapahi kua whakatikatikaina (d50c) ā, ko te mātotoru matūriki e whai ake nei i te āhua e whai ake nei i runga i ngā āhuatanga rere me ētahi atu āhuatanga:
kei heaρko s te mātotoru o ngā totoka,ρko l te mātotoru wai, ānkei waenganui i te 0.5 me te 1.0. Ko te tikanga o tēnei he tino nui te pānga o te mātotorutanga o ngā kohuke ki te mahi a te awhiowhio. Hei tauira, ki te meadKo te 50c o te magnetite he 25 μm, kātahi kadKo te 50c o ngā matūriki silica ka 40–65 μm te rahi. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 8.13 i ngā ānau whai huatanga whakarōpūtanga cyclone mō te magnetite (Fe3O4) me te silica (SiO2) i riro mai i te rangahau o tētahi ara huri magnetite mira pōro ahumahi. He nui ake te matotoru o te wehenga rahi mō te silica, me ted50c mō te Fe3O4 o te 29 μm, ko te SiO2 he 68 μm. Nā tēnei āhuatanga, he iti ake te whai huatanga o ngā mira huri magnetite i roto i ngā ara iahiko kati me ngā hydrocyclones, ā, he iti ake te kaha ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu ara iahiko huri whakarewa turanga.
Pikitia 8.13. Te whai huatanga o te awhiowhio mō te magnetite Fe3O4 me te silica SiO2—he rangahau ahumahi.
Hangarau Tukanga Pēhanga Teitei: Ngā Kaupapa Taketake me ngā Whakamahinga
MJ Cocero PhD, i roto i te Whare Pukapuka Matū Ahumahi, 2001
Ngā taputapu wehewehe totoka
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Waiporoporo
Ko tēnei tētahi o ngā momo wehewehe totoka māmā rawa atu. He taputapu wehewehe tino whai hua, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei tango pai i ngā totoka i ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga teitei. He ohanga nā te mea kāore he wāhanga neke, ā, he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana.
Ko te whai huatanga o te wehenga mō ngā mea totoka he pānga kaha o te rahi o te matūriki me te pāmahana. Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā whai huatanga wehenga whānui tata ki te 80% mō te silica me ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 300°C, i te mea i roto i te awhe pāmahana ōrite, ko te whai huatanga wehenga whānui mō ngā matūriki zircon kiato ake he nui ake i te 99% [29].
Ko te ārai matua o te mahi a te hydrocyclone ko te piri o ētahi tote ki ngā pakitara o te awhiowhio.
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Tātari-iti whakawhiti
He rite tonu te whanonga o ngā tātari rere-whakawhiti ki tērā e kitea ana i roto i te tātari rere-whakawhiti i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao: ko te pikinga o ngā tere kutikuti me te hekenga o te matotoru wai ka hua ake he pikinga o te maha o ngā tātari. Kua whakamahia te tātari-whakawhiti moroiti ki te wehenga o ngā tote kua whakapūpūtia hei totoka, ka puta he pai ake te wehenga matūriki i te nuinga o te wā neke atu i te 99.9%. Goemans.me ētahi atu[30] i ako i te wehenga o te konutai hauota mai i te wai tino whakahāwea. I raro i ngā tikanga o te rangahau, i kitea te konutai hauota hei tote rewa, ā, ka taea te whiti i te tātari. I whiwhihia ngā whai huatanga wehenga i rerekē i runga i te pāmahana, nā te mea ka heke te wairewa i te pikinga o te pāmahana, i waenga i te 40% me te 85%, mō te 400 °C me te 470°C. I whakamāramahia e ēnei kaimahi te tikanga wehenga hei hua o te urunga motuhake o te reo tātari ki te otinga tino whakahāwea, he rerekē ki te tote rewa, i runga i ō rātou matotorutanga mārama. Nō reira, ka taea te tātari i ngā tote kua whakapūmautia hei totoka anake, engari me te tātari hoki i aua tote iti-ira-rewa kei roto i te āhua rewa.
Ko te waikura tātari nā ngā tote te take matua o ngā raruraru whakahaere.
Pepa: Te Hangarua me ngā Rauemi Hangarua
MR Doshi, JM Dyer, i roto i te Wāhanga Tohutoro i roto i te Pūtaiao Rauemi me te Hangarau Rauemi, 2016
3.3 Te horoi
Ngā kaihoroi, ngāngā hauwaiporoTangohia ngā poke mai i te penupenu i runga i te rerekētanga mātotoru i waenga i te poke me te wai. He oko pēhanga kōniko, porotaka-kōniko rānei ēnei taputapu, e whāngaihia ana te penupenu ki roto i te pito whānui (Pikitia 6). I te wā e haere ana i roto i te kaihoroi, ka whakawhanakehia e te penupenu he tauira rere vortex, he rite ki te tauira o te cyclone. Ka huri te rere i te tuaka pokapū i a ia e haere atu ana i te tomokanga me te anga atu ki te tihi, ki te whakatuwheratanga rere raro rānei, i te taha o roto o te pakitara kaihoroi. Ka tere ake te tere o te rere hurihuri i te mea ka heke te whānui o te kōne. I te taha o te pito tihi, ka ārai te whakatuwheratanga whānui iti i te tukunga o te nuinga o te rere, engari ka huri i roto i te vortex o roto i te pūtake o te kaihoroi. Ka rere te rere i te pūtake o roto mai i te whakatuwheratanga o te tihi tae noa ki te tukunga atu i roto i te kimi vortex, kei te pito whānui nui i waenganui o te kaihoroi. Ko te rauemi mātotoru teitei ake, kua kukū ki te pakitara o te kaihoroi nā te kaha porotītaha, ka tukuna ki te tihi o te kōne (Bliss, 1994, 1997).
Pikitia 6. Ngā wāhanga o te hydrocyclone, ngā tauira rere nui me ngā ia o te wehenga.
Ka whakarōpūtia ngā kaihoroi kia teitei, kia waenga, kia iti rānei te matotoru, i runga i te matotoru me te rahi o ngā poke e tangohia ana. Ka whakamahia he kaihoroi kia teitei, me te diameter mai i te 15 ki te 50 cm (6–20 inihi) hei tango i te konganuku, ngā topenga pepa, me ngā tākai, ā, ka tū tonu i muri i te mīhini penupenu. I te hekenga o te diameter o te kaihoroi, ka piki ake tōna pai ki te tango i ngā poke iti. Mō ngā take mahi me ngā take ōhanga, ko te porowhita 75-mm (3 inihi) te diameter te kaihoroi iti rawa e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga pepa.
Ko ngā horoi whakamuri me ngā horoi rere-ā-roto he mea hanga hei tango i ngā poke iti te matotoru pērā i te ware pi, te polystyrene, me ngā mea piri. Ko ngā horoi whakamuri te ingoa nā te mea ka kohia te awa tango i te tihi o te horoi, ko ngā mea para ka puta i te waipuke. I roto i te horoi rere-ā-roto, ka puta ngā tango me ngā mea para i te pito kotahi o te horoi, me ngā tango e tata ana ki te pakitara horoi e wehea ana mai i ngā mea para e te ngongo pokapū e tata ana ki te puku o te horoi, e whakaaturia ana i te Pikitia 7.
Pikitia 7. Ngā hoahoa o te kaihoroi rere.
I mutu te whakamahi i ngā centrifuge tonu i whakamahia i ngā tau 1920 me 1930 hei tango i te onepu mai i te penupenu i muri i te whanaketanga o ngā hydrocyclones. Ko te Gyroclean, i whakawhanakehia i Centre Technique du Papier, Grenoble, France, he rango e hurihuri ana i te 1200–1500 rpm (Bliss, 1997; Julien Saint Amand, 1998, 2002). Mā te whakakotahitanga o te wā noho roa me te kaha centrifugal teitei ka taea e ngā poke iti te heke ki te pūtake o te kaihoroi ka peia atu mā te tukunga vortex pokapū.
MT Thew, i roto i te Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 2000
Whakarāpopototanga
Ahakoa te totoka-waihauwaipōrokua whakatūria mō te nuinga o te rautau 20, kāore i tae mai te mahi wehewehe wai-wai pai tae noa ki te tekau tau atu i 1980. I hiahiatia e te umanga hinu moana he taputapu kiato, pakari, pono hoki mō te tango i te hinu poke kua wehea pai mai i te wai. I ea tēnei hiahia e tētahi momo hydrocyclone tino rerekē, kāore he wāhanga neke.
I muri i te whakamārama whānui atu i tēnei hiahia, me te whakataurite ki te wehenga āwhiowhio totoka-wai i roto i te tukatuka kohuke, ka tukuna ngā painga i tukuna e te āwhiowhio wai ki ngā momo taputapu i tāutahia i mua hei whakatutuki i te kawenga.
Kua whakarārangihia ngā paearu aromatawai mahi wehewehe i mua i te matapakinga o te mahi e pā ana ki te hanganga whāngai, te mana whakahaere a te kaiwhakahaere me te pūngao e hiahiatia ana, arā, te hua o te hekenga pēhanga me te tere rere.
Ko te taiao mō te hanga hinu e whakatakoto ana i ētahi here mō ngā rauemi, tae atu ki te raruraru o te horo o ngā matūriki. Kua whakahuatia ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana. Kua whakarārangihia ngā raraunga utu whanaunga mō ngā momo tipu wehewehe hinu, arā, te whakapaipai me te auau, ahakoa he iti noa ngā puna. Hei whakamutunga, kua whakaahuahia ētahi tohu mō te whanaketanga atu, i te mea e titiro ana te umanga hinu ki ngā taputapu kua tāutahia ki te moenga moana, ki raro rānei i te poka.
Te Tauira, te Whakahaere, me te Taurite Papatipu
Barry A. Wills, James A. Finch FRSC, FCIM, P.Eng., i roto i te Hangarau Tukatuka Kohuke a Wills (Putanga Tuawaru), 2016
3.7.1 Te Whakamahinga o te Rahi o te Matūriki
He maha ngā waeine, pērā ingā hauwaiporome ngā wehewehenga taumaha, ka puta he wehenga rahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā raraunga rahi matūriki mō te taurite papatipu (Tauira 3.15).
Ko te Tauira 3.15 he tauira mō te whakaiti i te kore taurite o ngā pūnga; hei tauira, ka whakaratohia te uara tīmatanga mō te whakaiti i ngā tapawhā iti rawa whānui. Ka taea te whakamahi i tēnei huarahi whakairoiro i ngā wā katoa he "tāpiri" ngā raraunga wāhanga; i roto i te Tauira 3.9, i taea te whakamahi.
E whakamahia ana te pūngao hei pūngao i te Tauira 3.15. Ko te pūngao tuarua ko te puna wai: he tauira tēnei o ngā whakaurunga e rua (te whāngai hou me te tukunga o te mira pōro) me te putanga kotahi (te whāngai pūngao). Ka puta he toenga papatipu anō (Tauira 3.16).
I te Upoko 9 ka hoki tātou ki tēnei tauira ara iahiko huri mā te whakamahi i ngā raraunga kua whakarerekētia hei whakatau i te pihi wehewehe awhiowhio.
Wā tuku: Mei-07-2019