Akadomo ka Silicon Carbide FGD ko gusukura amashanyarazi mu ruganda

Utuzu twa Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD)
Gukuraho okiside za sulfur, zizwi cyane nka SOx, mu myuka isohora umwuka hakoreshejwe reagent ya alkali, nk'urusenda rw'amabuye y'agaciro.

Iyo ibikomoka kuri peteroli bikoreshejwe mu gutwika kugira ngo bikoreshe amashyuza, amatanura, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho, biba bifite ubushobozi bwo kurekura SO2 cyangwa SO3 nk'igice cy'imyuka isohora umwotsi. Izi oxyde za sulfur zigira ingaruka zoroshye hamwe n'ibindi bintu kugira ngo bikore imvange mbi nka aside sulfure kandi zishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ku buzima bw'abantu n'ibidukikije. Bitewe n'izi ngaruka zishobora kubaho, kugenzura iyi mvange mu myuka ikoreshwa mu gutwika ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'inganda zikoresha amakara n'izindi nganda.

Bitewe n’isuri, kuziba no kwiyongera kw’imyanda, bumwe mu buryo bwizewe bwo kugenzura iyi myuka ni uburyo bwo gukuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere (FGD) hakoreshejwe ifu y’amabuye y’agaciro, ishwagara, amazi yo mu nyanja, cyangwa ikindi gisubizo cya alkaline. Ifu itera imiti ishobora gukwirakwiza neza kandi mu buryo bwizewe iyi miyoboro mu buryo bunoze. Mu gukora imiterere imwe y’ibitonyanga bingana neza, iyi miyoboro ishobora gukora neza ubuso bukenewe kugira ngo inyurwe neza mu gihe ikagabanya uburyo bwo gukaraba imyuka ihumanya ikirere.

Guhitamo Akazu ko Gufata FGD:
Ibintu by'ingenzi byo kuzirikana:

Gusukura ubucucike bw'ibice by'amakuru n'ubucucike
Ingano y'ikitonyanga gikenewe
Ingano ikwiye y'ibitonyanga ni ingenzi kugira ngo habeho igipimo gikwiye cyo kwinjiza
Ibikoresho by'akazuru
Kubera ko imyuka ihumanya ikunze kwangiza kandi amazi yo gukaraba akunze kuba nk'urubura rufite ibintu bikomeye kandi bifite ubushobozi bwo kwangiza, guhitamo ibikoresho bikwiye byo kwangiza no kwangiza ni ingenzi.
Ubudahangarwa bw'iminwa ifungana
Kubera ko amazi yo gukaraba akunze kuba nk'urubura rufite ibintu bikomeye byinshi, guhitamo umunwa urinda kuziba ni ingenzi.
Imiterere y'iminwa itera noza n'aho ishyirwa
Kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwiza bwo kwinjiza gazi, ni ngombwa ko gazi ikwirakwira neza nta nzira inyuramo kandi igihe gihagije cyo kuyituramo gihagije.
Ingano n'ubwoko bw'ihuza ry'akazuru
Igipimo gisabwa cyo gukaraba amazi
Igabanuka ry'umuvuduko (∆P) riboneka ku munwa
∆P = umuvuduko w'amazi ku gice cy'umunwa - gutunganya umuvuduko hanze y'umunwa
Injeniyeri zacu z'inararibonye zishobora kugufasha kumenya umunwa uzakora uko bikenewe ukurikije imiterere yawe.
Imikoreshereze n'inganda z'inzogera zikoreshwa mu gukurura amazi mu buryo bwa FGD:
Inganda zikora amakara n'izindi zikora amashanyarazi
Inganda zitunganya peteroli
Ibikoresho byo gutwika imyanda mu mujyi
Amatanura ya sima
Abashongesha ibyuma

Urupapuro rw'amakuru rwa SiC

Ingaruka mbi ku byerekeye Lime/Lime

Nkuko bigaragara ku Ishusho ya 1, sisitemu za FGD zikoresha lime/lime forced oxidation (LSFO) zirimo sisitemu eshatu z'ingenzi:

• Gutegura, gucunga no kubika reagent
• Ubwato bufata ibintu biryoshye
• Gutunganya imyanda n'ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa

Gutegura reagent bigizwe no gutwara limestone yaciwe (CaCO3) iva mu bubiko ijya mu kigega cy’ibiribwa cyavungaguritse. Hanyuma urusenda rw’imena ruvamo rushyirwa mu cyuma gifata umwuka hamwe na gaze y’ifu y’ubushyuhe n’umwuka ugabanya umwuka. Utudomo dutanga reagent duto hanyuma tugatembera mu mwuka unyuranyije n’uwo mwuka. SO2 iri mu mwuka ugabanya umwuka ikorana na reagent ikungahaye kuri kalisiyumu ikarema sulfite ya kalisiyumu (CaSO3) na CO2. Umwuka winjizwa mu cyuma gifata umwuka ugabanya umwuka wa CaSO3 kuri CaSO4 (ubwoko bwa dihydrate).

Ibisubizo by'ibanze bya LSFO ni ibi bikurikira:

CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2 · 2H2O

Uduce tw’amazi twakuwemo ogisijeni duteranira mu gice cyo hasi cy’icyuma gifata amazi hanyuma tugasubiramo amazi meza hamwe n’ibikoresho bishya bisubira mu miyoboro y’amazi akoreshwa mu kuvura. Igice cy’umugezi usubiramo amazi gishyirwa mu buryo bwo gufata imyanda/ibikomoka ku bicuruzwa, ubusanzwe bugizwe na hydrocyclones, drums cyangwa belt filters, hamwe n’ikigega gifata amazi myanda/inzoga. Amazi myanda ava mu kigega asubiramo amazi akoreshwa mu kigega cy’amazi cy’ibumba cyangwa mu kigega cy’amazi aho amazi arenze akurwa nk’imyanda.

Uburyo bwo gusukura hakoreshejwe Oksidatine isanzwe ikoresheje lime/lime

Sisitemu za LSFO zitose ubusanzwe zishobora kugera ku bushobozi bwo gukuraho SO2 ku kigero cya 95-97%. Ariko, kugera ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 97.5% kugira ngo huzuzwe ibisabwa mu kugenzura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, biragoye, cyane cyane ku bimera bikoresha amakara menshi ya sulfure. Ibikoresho bya manyeziyumu bishobora kongerwamo cyangwa ishwagara rigahindurwamo ishwagara ryinshi (CaO2), ariko impinduka nkizo zisaba ibikoresho byinyongera by’ibimera n’ikiguzi cy’umurimo n’ingufu bijyana nabyo. Urugero, gushyira ishwagara mu ishwagara bisaba gushyiraho itanura ryihariye ry’ishwagara. Nanone, ishwagara rihita rihinduka kandi ibi byongera ubushobozi bwo kurema ibishingwe mu ishwagara.

Igiciro cyo gukaranga hakoreshejwe itanura ry'indimu gishobora kugabanuka hakoreshejwe gushyira lime mu itanura ry'indimu. Muri ubu buryo, lime ikorerwa muri boiler itwarwa n'umwuka uva mu gikoresho cyo gusukura. Ibibazo bishobora kubaho birimo kwangirika kwa boiler, kubangamira uburyo ubushyuhe bwimuka, no kudakora kwa lime bitewe no gutwika cyane muri boiler. Byongeye kandi, lime igabanya ubushyuhe bw'ivu ryashongeshejwe mu ma boiler akoresha amakara, bigatuma habaho imyanda ikomeye itari kubaho iyo ibaho.

Imyanda y'amazi iva muri gahunda ya LSFO ikunze kwerekezwa mu byuzi byo kubungabunga ibidukikije hamwe n'imyanda y'amazi iva ahandi mu ruganda rw'amashanyarazi. Imyanda y'amazi ya FGD itose ishobora kuzuramo sulfite na sulfate kandi kwita ku bidukikije akenshi bigabanya irekurwa ryayo mu migezi, mu migezi cyangwa mu yindi miyoboro y'amazi. Nanone, kongera gukoresha amazi/ibinyobwa biva mu mazi bishobora gutuma habaho umunyu wa sodiyumu, potasiyumu, kalisiyumu, manyeziyumu cyangwa chloride wiyongera. Ubwo bwoko bushobora gushonga keretse hatanzwe amaraso ahagije kugira ngo umunyu washonge ugume munsi y'amazi. Ikibazo cy'inyongera ni uko imyanda igenda buhoro, bigatuma hakenerwa ibiyaga binini kandi bifite ubwinshi bwinshi bwo kubungabunga ibidukikije. Mu bihe bisanzwe, urwego rw'amazi rushobora kuba rufite 50% cyangwa birenga ndetse na nyuma y'amezi menshi bibitswe.

Sulfate ya kalisiyumu yakuwe mu gishishwa cyo kugarura ubushyuhe ishobora kuba irimo ivu rya limestone na sulfite ya kalisiyumu nyinshi. Iyi myanda ishobora kubuza sulfate ya kalisiyumu kugurishwa nk'ivu rya gypsum yo gukoreshwa mu gukora imbaho ​​zo ku rukuta, sima, na sima. Limestone idakozwe ni umwanda uboneka muri gypsum yo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi ni umwanda usanzwe muri gypsum isanzwe (icukurwa). Nubwo limestone ubwayo idahungabanya imiterere y'ibicuruzwa byo ku rukuta, imiterere yayo yo gukurura itera ibibazo byo kwangirika ku bikoresho byo gutunganya. Sulfite ya kalisiyumu ni umwanda udakenewe muri gypsum iyo ari yo yose kuko ingano yayo nto itera ibibazo byo gupima no gutunganya ibindi bibazo nko koza imigati no kuyikuraho amazi.

Niba ibintu bikomeye byakozwe muri gahunda ya LSFO bitagurishwa mu bucuruzi nka gypsum y’ubukorano, ibi biteza ikibazo gikomeye cyo guta imyanda. Ku gikoresho cy’amakara cya MW 1000 gikoresha 1% by’amakara ya sulfure, ingano ya gypsum ni hafi toni 550 (ni nto) ku munsi. Ku ruganda rumwe rukoresha 2% by’amakara ya sulfure, umusaruro wa gypsum wiyongera ukagera kuri toni 1100 ku munsi. Kongeraho toni 1000 ku munsi zo gukora ivu ry’umukungugu, ibi bituma toni zose z’imyanda zigera kuri toni 1550 ku munsi ku gikoresho cy’amakara cya sulfure cya 1 ku ijana na toni 2100 ku munsi ku gikoresho cy’amakara cya sulfure cya 2 ku ijana.

Ibyiza bya EADS

Ubundi buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga bwagaragaye aho gukaraba LSFO busimbura limestone na ammonia nk'ikintu gikoreshwa mu gukuraho SO2. Ibice bikomeye byo gusya, kubika, gutunganya no gutwara muri sisitemu ya LSFO bisimburwa n'ibigega byoroshye byo kubikamo ammonia y'amazi cyangwa anyhydrous. Ishusho ya 2 igaragaza ishusho y'amazi ya sisitemu ya EADS yatanzwe na JET Inc.

Amoniya, umwuka urimo umwuka urimo umwuka, umwuka urimo ogisijeni n'amazi yinjira mu cyuma gifata umwuka kirimo utubuto twinshi twa spray. Utwo tubuto dukora utubuto duto twa amoniya kugira ngo hamenyekane ko amoniya ihura neza n'umwuka urimo umwuka urimo umwuka bitewe n'ingaruka zikurikira:

(1) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O → (NH4) 2SO3

(2) (NH4)2SO3 + ½O2 → (NH4)2SO4

SO2 mu muyoboro w’imyuka ihumeka ihura na ammonia mu gice cyo hejuru cy’ubwato ikabyara ammonia sulfite. Igice cyo hasi cy’ubwato buhumeka kigira nk’ikigega cyo gukaraba aho umwuka ushyira ammonia sulfite muri ammonia sulfate. Ifu ya ammonia sulfate ivamo isubizwa mu mutwe w’imiyoboro isuka ku rwego rwinshi mu muyoboro. Mbere yuko umwuka uhumeka usohoka hejuru y’ubwato, unyura mu kintu gihuzwa n’amazi gifata uduce duto tw’amazi.

Uburyo ammonia ikoreshwa na SO2 hamwe n’uburyo sulfite ikoreshwa muri sulfate bitanga umusaruro mwinshi. Ibiro bine bya ammonia sulfate bitangwa kuri buri kilo cya ammonia ikoreshwa.

Nkuko bigenda muri gahunda ya LSFO, igice cy'umuyoboro w'ibinyabutabire/ibicuruzwa bishobora gukurwamo kugira ngo hakorwe umusaruro ukomoka ku bucuruzi. Muri sisitemu ya EADS, umuti w'ibicuruzwa bivanwaho ushyirwa muri sisitemu yo kugarura ibintu bikomeye igizwe na hydrocyclone na centrifuge kugira ngo bihuze umusaruro wa ammonium sulfate mbere yo kumisha no gupakira. Ibinyobwa byose (hydrocyclone overflow na centrifuge centrate) bisubizwa mu kigega cy'ibinyabutabire hanyuma bigasubizwa mu muyoboro w'ibinyabutabire wa ammonium sulfate.

• Sisitemu za EADS zitanga ubushobozi bwo gukuraho SO2 (>99%), ibyo bigatuma inganda zikoresha amakara zirushaho koroherwa no kuvanga amakara ya sulfure ahendutse kandi menshi.
• Mu gihe sisitemu za LSFO zikora toni 0.7 za CO2 kuri buri toni ya SO2 ikuweho, inzira ya EADS nta CO2 itanga.
• Kubera ko lime na lime bitagira ingaruka nyinshi ugereranije na ammonia mu gukuraho SO2, gukoresha amazi menshi no gusohora ingufu birakenewe kugira ngo hagerwe ku muvuduko mwinshi w’amazi azenguruka mu kirere. Ibi bituma ikiguzi cyo gukora cya LSFO cyiyongera.
• Ikiguzi cy’imari ya sisitemu za EADS gisa n’icyo kubaka sisitemu ya LSFO. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, nubwo sisitemu ya EADS isaba ibikoresho byo gutunganya no gupakira ibintu bya ammonium sulfate, ibikoresho byo gutegura reagent bifitanye isano na LSFO ntibikenewe mu gusya, gutunganya no gutwara.

Akamaro kanini ka EADS ni ukuvanaho imyanda y’amazi n’iy’ibinyabiziga. Ikoranabuhanga rya EADS ni inzira yo gusohora amazi nta mazi, bivuze ko nta gusukura amazi mabi bikenewe. Ifumbire ya ammonium sulfate ikomeye iraboneka ku isoko; ammonium sulfate ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu ifumbire n’ifumbire mvaruganda ku isi, isoko ku isi ryitezwe kwiyongera kugeza mu 2030. Byongeye kandi, nubwo gukora ammonium sulfate bisaba ibikoresho byo gupima, byumisha, gutwara ibintu n’ibikoresho byo gupakira, ibi bikoresho ntabwo ari ibya nyirabyo kandi biraboneka ku isoko. Bitewe n’ubukungu n’imiterere y’isoko, ifumbire ya ammonium sulfate ishobora kwishyura ikiguzi cyo gukuraho imyuka ikomoka kuri ammonium flue gaze kandi ishobora gutanga inyungu nini.

Gahunda yo Gukuraho Ammonia Irimo Ubuziranenge

Shandong Zhongpeng Special Ceramics Co., Ltd ni imwe mu mashami manini ya silicon carbide ceramic mu Bushinwa. SiC technical ceramic: Ubukana bwa Moh ni 9 (Ubukana bwa Moh bushya ni 13), bufite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwo kwangirika no kwangirika, ubukana bwiza bwo kwangirika no kurwanya oxidation. Igihe cy'akazi k'ibicuruzwa bya SiC ni inshuro 4 kugeza kuri 5 ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bya alumina 92%. MOR ya RBSiC ikubye inshuro 5 kugeza kuri 7 ugereranyije na SNBSC, ishobora gukoreshwa mu miterere igoye cyane. Uburyo bwo gutanga ibiciro ni bwihuse, gutanga ibintu ni uko byasezeranijwe kandi ubwiza ni ubwa mbere. Buri gihe dukomeza guhangana n'intego zacu kandi tugasubiza imitima yacu kuri sosiyete.