Bututun FGD na Silicon Carbide don cire sulfur a cikin tashar wutar lantarki

Bututun Shakar Iskar Gas Mai Tsaftacewa (FGD)
Cire sinadarin sulfur oxides, wanda aka fi sani da SOx, daga iskar gas mai fitar da hayaki ta amfani da sinadarin alkali, kamar sinadarin limestone mai danshi.

Idan aka yi amfani da man fetur na burbushin halittu a cikin hanyoyin konewa don sarrafa boilers, tanderu, ko wasu kayan aiki, suna da damar sakin SO2 ko SO3 a matsayin wani ɓangare na iskar shaye-shaye. Waɗannan sulfur oxides suna amsawa cikin sauƙi tare da wasu abubuwa don samar da mahaɗi mai cutarwa kamar sulfuric acid kuma suna da yuwuwar yin mummunan tasiri ga lafiyar ɗan adam da muhalli. Saboda waɗannan tasirin da za a iya samu, sarrafa wannan mahaɗin a cikin iskar gas mai ƙarfi muhimmin ɓangare ne na cibiyoyin wutar lantarki na kwal da sauran aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

Saboda matsalolin zaizayar ƙasa, toshewa, da taruwar ruwa, ɗaya daga cikin ingantattun tsarin da za a iya sarrafa waɗannan hayaki shine tsarin cire sulfurization na iskar gas mai buɗaɗɗen hasumiya (FGD) ta amfani da farar ƙasa, lemun tsami mai laushi, ruwan teku, ko wani maganin alkaline. Feshi bututun feshi suna iya rarraba waɗannan slurries yadda ya kamata da aminci zuwa hasumiyoyin sha. Ta hanyar ƙirƙirar alamu iri ɗaya na digo mai kyau, waɗannan bututun suna iya ƙirƙirar yankin saman da ake buƙata don sha mai kyau yayin da suke rage shigar da maganin gogewa cikin iskar gas.

Zaɓar bututun mai ɗaukar FGD:
Muhimman abubuwan da za a yi la'akari da su:

Goge yawan kafofin watsa labarai da danko
Girman digo da ake buƙata
Daidaitaccen girman digo yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingantaccen yawan shan ruwa
Kayan bututun ƙarfe
Ganin cewa iskar gas ɗin sau da yawa tana lalata iskar kuma ruwan gogewa sau da yawa yana da laushi mai yawan danshi da kuma abubuwan da ke lalata iskar, zaɓar kayan da suka dace don tsatsa da kuma jure lalacewa yana da mahimmanci.
Juriyar toshewar bututun ƙarfe
Ganin cewa ruwan gogewa yawanci yana da sinadarin slurry mai yawan daskararru, zaɓin bututun ƙarfe dangane da juriyar toshewa yana da mahimmanci
Tsarin feshi da kuma sanya bututun feshi
Domin tabbatar da isasshen sha yana da mahimmanci a rufe cikakken rafin iskar gas ba tare da wucewa ba kuma a sami isasshen lokacin zama.
Girman da nau'in haɗin bututun ƙarfe
Yawan kwararar ruwa da ake buƙata
Rage matsin lamba da ake samu (∆P) a fadin bututun
∆P = matsin lamba a cikin bututun ƙarfe - matsin lamba a wajen bututun ƙarfe
Injiniyoyinmu masu ƙwarewa za su iya taimakawa wajen tantance wane bututun ƙarfe zai yi aiki kamar yadda ake buƙata tare da cikakkun bayanai game da ƙirar ku
Amfani da bututun fesawa na FGD da Masana'antu da aka saba amfani da su:
Kwal da sauran cibiyoyin samar da makamashin mai
Matatun mai
Masu ƙona sharar gida na birni
Murhun siminti
Masu narkar da ƙarfe

Takardar Bayanan Kayan SiC

Matsalolin da ke tattare da Lime/Limestone

Kamar yadda aka nuna a Hoto na 1, tsarin FGD wanda ke amfani da sinadarin oxidation na lemun tsami/limestone (LSFO) ya haɗa da manyan tsarin guda uku:

• Shirye-shiryen reagent, sarrafawa da adanawa
• Jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar ruwa
• Sarrafa sharar gida da sauran kayayyaki

Shirye-shiryen reagent ya ƙunshi isar da dutsen dutse da aka niƙa (CaCO3) daga wurin ajiya zuwa tankin ciyarwa mai tayar da hankali. Daga nan sai a tura ruwan dutse da aka samu zuwa ga jirgin ruwan sha tare da iskar gas mai tafasa da iskar oxidizing. Feshi bututun feshi suna isar da ƙananan ɗigon reagent waɗanda daga nan sai su gudana a jere zuwa ga iskar gas mai shigowa. SO2 a cikin iskar gas ɗin yana amsawa da reagent mai wadataccen calcium don samar da calcium sulfite (CaSO3) da CO2. Iskar da aka shigar cikin mai sha yana haɓaka iskar CaSO3 zuwa CaSO4 (siffar dihydrate).

Babban halayen LSFO sune:

CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2 · 2H2O

Ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi wajen tacewa yana taruwa a ƙasan abin sha sannan a sake yin amfani da shi tare da sabon reagent zuwa kan bututun feshi. Wani ɓangare na ruwan da aka sake yin amfani da shi ana mayar da shi zuwa tsarin sarrafa sharar gida/bayan samfur, wanda yawanci ya ƙunshi hydrocyclones, matatun ganga ko bel, da tankin riƙe ruwan shara/giya mai girgiza. Ana sake yin amfani da ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi daga tankin riƙewa zuwa tankin ciyar da reagent na dutse ko zuwa hydrocyclone inda ake cire ruwan da ya kwarara a matsayin mai fitar da hayaki.

Tsarin Tsaftace Ruwa Mai Ruwa na Lime/Limestone Mai Tilasta Oxidin

Tsarin LSFO mai laushi yawanci zai iya cimma ingancin cire SO2 na kashi 95-97 cikin ɗari. Duk da haka, isa matakan da suka wuce kashi 97.5 cikin ɗari don biyan buƙatun sarrafa hayaki yana da wahala, musamman ga shuke-shuke da ke amfani da gawayi mai yawan sulfur. Ana iya ƙara abubuwan ƙarfafa magnesium ko kuma a iya ƙara simintin zuwa simintin zuwa simintin da ke ƙara yawan amsawa (CaO), amma irin waɗannan gyare-gyaren sun haɗa da ƙarin kayan aikin shuka da farashin aiki da wutar lantarki da ke da alaƙa. Misali, simintin simintin simintin simintin siminti yana buƙatar shigar da wani murhun lemun tsami daban. Haka kuma, simintin siminti yana da sauƙin haɓɓaka kuma wannan yana ƙara yuwuwar samuwar ma'aunin ajiya a cikin mashin ɗin gogewa.

Ana iya rage farashin calcination da murhun lemun tsami ta hanyar zuba dutse mai daraja kai tsaye a cikin tanderun tukunya. Ta wannan hanyar, ana ɗaukar lemun tsami da aka samar a cikin tukunyar tare da iskar gas mai ƙarfi zuwa cikin abin gogewa. Matsalolin da za a iya fuskanta sun haɗa da gurɓatar tukunyar, tsangwama ga canja wurin zafi, da kuma rashin aiki da lemun tsami saboda ƙonewa da yawa a cikin tukunyar. Bugu da ƙari, lemun tsami yana rage zafin kwararar tokar da aka narke a cikin tukunyar da aka kunna da kwal, wanda ke haifar da tarin datti wanda in ba haka ba ba zai faru ba.

Sharar ruwa daga tsarin LSFO yawanci ana tura tafkunan daidaitawa tare da sharar ruwa daga wasu wurare a cikin tashar wutar lantarki. Ruwan FGD mai danshi zai iya cika da mahaɗan sulfite da sulfate kuma la'akari da muhalli yawanci yana iyakance sakinsa zuwa koguna, koguna ko wasu hanyoyin ruwa. Haka kuma, sake amfani da ruwan shara/giya zuwa ga mai gogewa na iya haifar da tarin gishirin sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium ko chloride. Waɗannan nau'ikan za su iya yin lu'ulu'u sai dai idan an samar da isasshen jini don kiyaye yawan gishirin da aka narkar ƙasa da cikawa. Wata matsala kuma ita ce jinkirin daidaita sharar datti, wanda ke haifar da buƙatar manyan tafkuna masu ƙarfi. A cikin yanayi na yau da kullun, Layer ɗin da aka narkar a cikin tafki mai daidaitawa zai iya ƙunsar kashi 50 cikin ɗari ko fiye na matakin ruwa koda bayan watanni da yawa na ajiya.

Calcium sulfate da aka samo daga ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi a cikin ruwan da aka sake amfani da shi zai iya zama mai yawa a cikin dutse mai laushi da kuma ash ɗin calcium sulfite. Waɗannan gurɓatattun abubuwa na iya hana sayar da calcium sulfate a matsayin gypsum na roba don amfani a cikin aikin bango, siminti, da samar da siminti. Dutsen dutse mara amsawa shine mafi yawan ƙazanta da ake samu a cikin gypsum na roba kuma shi ma ƙazanta ne da aka saba samu a cikin gypsum na halitta (wanda aka haƙa). Duk da cewa dutsen dutse da kansa ba ya tsoma baki ga halayen kayayyakin ƙarshen allon bango, halayensa na gogewa suna haifar da matsalolin lalacewa don kayan aiki na sarrafawa. Calcium sulfite ƙazanta ne da ba a so a cikin kowace gypsum saboda ƙananan ƙwayoyin sa suna haifar da matsalolin ƙiba da sauran matsalolin sarrafawa kamar wanke kek da cire ruwa.

Idan daskararrun da aka samar a cikin tsarin LSFO ba za a iya tallata su a matsayin gypsum na roba ba, wannan yana haifar da babbar matsala ta zubar da shara. Ga boiler mai karfin MW 1000 wanda ke harba kashi 1 cikin 100 na kwal na sulfur, adadin gypsum ɗin yana kimanin tan 550 (gajere) a rana. Ga injinan da ke harba kashi 2 cikin 100 na kwal na sulfur, samar da gypsum ɗin yana ƙaruwa zuwa kimanin tan 1100 a rana. Idan aka ƙara kimanin tan 1000 a rana don samar da tokar ƙura, wannan yana kawo jimlar tan na sharar daskararru zuwa kimanin tan 1550 a rana don akwatin kwal na sulfur kashi 1 da kuma tan 2100 a rana don akwatin kashi 2 cikin 100 na sulfur.

Fa'idodin EADS

Wani ingantaccen fasaha wanda aka tabbatar da shi fiye da gogewar LSFO ya maye gurbin dutse mai daraja da ammonia a matsayin abin da ke cire SO2. Ana maye gurbin sassan niƙa, adanawa, sarrafawa da jigilar kayan aiki masu ƙarfi a cikin tsarin LSFO da tankunan ajiya masu sauƙi don ammonia mai ruwa ko mara ruwa. Hoto na 2 yana nuna tsarin kwarara na tsarin EADS wanda JET Inc.

Ammonia, iskar gas mai fitar da hayaki, iskar oxidizing da kuma ruwan sarrafawa suna shiga cikin wani abu mai ɗaukar ruwa wanda ke ɗauke da matakai daban-daban na bututun feshi. bututun suna samar da ƙananan digo na reagent mai ɗauke da ammonia don tabbatar da kusancin reagent da iskar gas mai shigowa bisa ga waɗannan halayen:

(1) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O → (NH4)2SO3

(2) (NH4)2SO3 + ½O2 → (NH4)2SO4

SO2 da ke cikin rafin iskar gas yana yin aiki da ammonia a cikin rabin sama na jirgin don samar da ammonia sulfite. Ƙasan jirgin ruwan mai ɗaukar iska yana aiki azaman tankin iskar oxygen inda iska ke oxidize ammonium sulfite zuwa ammonium sulfate. Ana tura ruwan ammonium sulfate da ya samo asali zuwa kan bututun feshi a matakai da yawa a cikin mai ɗaukar iskar gas. Kafin iskar gas ɗin da aka goge ya fita daga saman mai ɗaukar iskar gas, yana ratsawa ta cikin wani mai cire iska wanda ke haɗa duk wani ɗigon ruwa da aka saka kuma yana kama ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta.

Haɗarin ammonia da SO2 da kuma iskar oxygen na sulfite zuwa sulfate yana cimma babban ƙarfin amfani da reagent. Ana samar da fam huɗu na ammonia sulfate ga kowane fam na ammonia da aka sha.

Kamar yadda yake a tsarin LSFO, ana iya cire wani ɓangare na reagent/product recycling stream don samar da wani samfurin kasuwanci. A cikin tsarin EADS, ana tura ruwan samfurin ɗaukar kaya zuwa tsarin dawo da daskararru wanda ya ƙunshi hydrocyclone da centrifuge don tattara samfurin ammonium sulfate kafin a busar da shi da marufi. Duk ruwaye (hydrocyclone overflow da centrifuge centrate) ana mayar da su zuwa tankin slurry sannan a sake shigar da su cikin ruwan ammonium sulfate recycle ...

• Tsarin EADS yana samar da ingantaccen aikin cire SO2 (>99%), wanda ke ba wa tashoshin wutar lantarki na kwal ƙarin sassauci don haɗa gawayin sulfur mai rahusa da mafi girma.
• Duk da cewa tsarin LSFO yana samar da tan 0.7 na CO2 ga kowace tan na SO2 da aka cire, tsarin EADS ba ya samar da CO2.
• Saboda lemun tsami da farar ƙasa ba su da wani tasiri idan aka kwatanta da ammonia don cire SO2, ana buƙatar ƙarin amfani da ruwa da kuma amfani da makamashin famfo don cimma yawan zagayawar jini. Wannan yana haifar da ƙarin farashin aiki ga tsarin LSFO.
• Kuɗin jari na tsarin EADS sun yi kama da na gina tsarin LSFO. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, yayin da tsarin EADS ke buƙatar kayan aiki na sarrafa da marufi na ammonium sulfate daga samfura, ba a buƙatar kayan aikin shirya reagent da ke da alaƙa da LSFO don niƙa, sarrafawa da jigilar kaya.

Babban fa'idar EADS ita ce kawar da sharar ruwa da tauri. Fasahar EADS tsari ne na fitar da ruwa ba tare da ruwa ba, wanda ke nufin ba a buƙatar maganin sharar gida. Ana iya siyar da samfuran ammonium sulfate mai ƙarfi cikin sauƙi; ammonia sulfate shine ɓangaren taki da taki da aka fi amfani da shi a duniya, tare da ana sa ran haɓaka kasuwa a duk duniya har zuwa 2030. Bugu da ƙari, yayin da kera ammonium sulfate yana buƙatar kayan aikin centrifuge, na'urar busarwa, na'urar jigilar kaya da marufi, waɗannan abubuwan ba na mallaka ba ne kuma ana samun su a kasuwa. Dangane da yanayin tattalin arziki da kasuwa, takin ammonium sulfate zai iya biyan kuɗin da ake kashewa don cire sulfurization na iskar gas mai tushen ammonia kuma yana iya samar da riba mai yawa.

Ingancin Tsarin Desulfurization na Ammonia

Kamfanin Shandong Zhongpeng Special Ceramics Co., Ltd yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin samar da sabbin kayan yumbu na silicon carbide a China. SiC technical yumbu: Taurin Moh shine 9 (taurin New Moh shine 13), tare da kyakkyawan juriya ga zaizayar ƙasa da tsatsa, kyakkyawan juriya - juriya da hana iskar shaka. Rayuwar sabis na samfurin SiC shine sau 4 zuwa 5 fiye da kayan alumina 92%. MOR na RBSiC shine sau 5 zuwa 7 na SNBSC, ana iya amfani da shi don siffofi masu rikitarwa. Tsarin ƙididdigewa yana da sauri, isarwa kamar yadda aka yi alkawari kuma ingancin ba shi da nasaba da komai. Kullum muna ci gaba da ƙalubalantar manufofinmu kuma muna mayar da zukatanmu ga al'umma.