Silicon Carbide FGD Nozzle yochotsera sulfurization mu chomera chamagetsi

Ma Nozzle Omwe Amayamwa Mpweya Wotulutsa Fuluu (FGD)
Kuchotsa ma sulfure oxides, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa SOx, kuchokera ku mpweya wotulutsa utsi pogwiritsa ntchito alkali reagent, monga slurry yonyowa ya limestone.

Mafuta akagwiritsidwa ntchito poyatsa kuti ayendetse ma boiler, uvuni, kapena zida zina, amatha kutulutsa SO2 kapena SO3 ngati gawo la mpweya wotulutsa utsi. Ma sulfure oxides amenewa amakumana mosavuta ndi zinthu zina kuti apange mankhwala owopsa monga sulfuric acid ndipo amatha kuwononga thanzi la anthu komanso chilengedwe. Chifukwa cha zotsatira zake, kuwongolera mankhwala awa mu mpweya wotulutsa mpweya ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pamagetsi opangira magetsi ndi ntchito zina zamafakitale.

Chifukwa cha kukokoloka kwa nthaka, kutsekeka kwa madzi, ndi kusonkhana kwa madzi, njira imodzi yodalirika kwambiri yowongolera mpweya woipawu ndi njira yotsegula mpweya wonyowa (FGD) pogwiritsa ntchito miyala yamchere, laimu wothira madzi, madzi a m'nyanja, kapena njira ina ya alkaline. Ma nozzle opopera amatha kugawa bwino komanso modalirika ma slurry awa m'malo onyamulira madzi. Mwa kupanga mapangidwe ofanana a madontho a kukula koyenera, ma nozzle awa amatha kupanga bwino malo ofunikira kuti madziwo anyamule bwino komanso kuchepetsa kulowetsedwa kwa madziwo mu mpweya wonyowa.

Kusankha Nozzle Yoyamwitsa ya FGD:
Zinthu zofunika kuziganizira:

Kutsuka ndi kukhuthala kwa media
Kukula kwa madontho ofunikira
Kukula koyenera kwa madontho ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse kuti madzi akumwa bwino
Zipangizo za nozzle
Popeza mpweya wotuluka m'madzi nthawi zambiri umakhala wowononga ndipo madzi otsukira nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati matope okhala ndi zinthu zolimba komanso zokwawa, kusankha zinthu zoyenera zoteteza dzimbiri ndi kukalamba ndikofunikira.
Kukana kutsekeka kwa nozzle
Popeza madzi otsukira nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati matope okhala ndi zinthu zolimba zambiri, kusankha nozzle yotetezera ku kutsekeka ndikofunikira.
Kapangidwe ka nozzle spray ndi malo ake
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti mpweya ukulowa bwino, ndikofunikira kuti mpweya ufike bwino popanda kulowera komanso nthawi yokwanira yogona.
Kukula ndi mtundu wa cholumikizira cha nozzle
Kuchuluka kwa madzi ofunikira oyeretsera
Kutsika kwa mphamvu komwe kulipo (∆P) kudutsa pa nozzle
∆P = kupanikizika kwa mpweya pa malo olowera mpweya - kupanikizika kwa mpweya kunja kwa mpweya
Akatswiri athu odziwa bwino ntchito angakuthandizeni kudziwa kuti ndi nozzle iti yomwe igwire ntchito malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna pa kapangidwe kanu.
Ntchito ndi Mafakitale Omwe Amagwiritsa Ntchito FGD Absorber Nozzle:
Malo opangira magetsi a malasha ndi zina zosungira mafuta
Malo oyeretsera mafuta
Malo otenthetsera zinyalala a boma
Ma uvuni a simenti
Zosungunulira zitsulo

Datasheet ya Zinthu za SiC

Zovuta ndi Lime/Limestone

Monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1, machitidwe a FGD omwe amagwiritsa ntchito lime/lime forced oxidation (LSFO) akuphatikizapo machitidwe atatu akuluakulu:

• Kukonzekera, kusamalira ndi kusunga zinthu zobwezeretsanso
• Chotengera choyamwitsa
• Kusamalira zinyalala ndi zinthu zina

Kukonzekera kwa reagent kumaphatikizapo kutumiza miyala yamchere yophwanyika (CaCO3) kuchokera ku silo yosungiramo zinthu kupita ku thanki yodyetsera yomwe yagwedezeka. Kenako miyala yamchere yomwe imachokera imapopedwa kupita ku chotengera choyamwitsa pamodzi ndi mpweya wa boiler flue ndi mpweya wothira okosijeni. Ma nozzles opopera amapereka madontho ang'onoang'ono a reagent omwe kenako amatuluka motsutsana ndi mpweya wa flue womwe ukubwera. SO2 mu mpweya wa flue imachitapo kanthu ndi reagent wolemera calcium ndikupanga calcium sulfite (CaSO3) ndi CO2. Mpweya womwe umalowetsedwa mu absorber umalimbikitsa okosijeni wa CaSO3 ku CaSO4 (mawonekedwe a dihydrate).

Mayankho oyambira a LSFO ndi awa:

CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2 · 2H2O

Dothi losungunuka limasonkhana pansi pa choyatsira madzi ndipo pambuyo pake limabwezeretsedwanso pamodzi ndi reagent yatsopano kubwerera ku ma nozzle headers. Gawo la mtsinje wobwezeretsanso madzi limachotsedwa kupita ku makina ogwiritsira ntchito zinyalala/zotsalira, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma hydrocyclones, ma drum kapena ma belt filters, ndi thanki yosungira madzi otayira/mowa wogwedezeka. Madzi otayira ochokera ku thanki yosungira madzi amabwezeretsedwanso ku thanki yodyetsera madzi a limestone kapena ku hydrocyclone komwe madzi otayira amachotsedwa ngati zinyalala.

Ndondomeko Yotsuka Yothira Madzi Yothira Madzi/Lime

Makina a LSFO onyowa nthawi zambiri amatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu yochotsa SO2 ya 95-97 peresenti. Komabe, kufikira milingo yoposa 97.5 peresenti kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zowongolera mpweya woipa, n'kovuta, makamaka kwa zomera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito makala a sulfure ambiri. Magnesium catalysts ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa kapena miyala yamchere ikhoza kusinthidwa kukhala laimu wochuluka (CaO), koma kusintha koteroko kumaphatikizapo zida zowonjezera za zomera ndi ndalama zogwirizana ndi ntchito ndi mphamvu. Mwachitsanzo, kusungunuka kukhala laimu kumafuna kuyika uvuni wosiyana wa laimu. Komanso, laimu imasungunuka mosavuta ndipo izi zimawonjezera kuthekera kwa kupanga skele deposit mu scrubber.

Mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito calcination pogwiritsa ntchito uvuni wa laimu ukhoza kuchepetsedwa poika miyala ya laimu mwachindunji mu uvuni wa boiler. Mu njira iyi, laimu yomwe imapangidwa mu boiler imanyamulidwa ndi mpweya wotuluka mu flue kupita ku scrubber. Mavuto omwe angakhalepo ndi monga kuipitsidwa kwa boiler, kusokoneza kutentha, komanso kuletsa laimu chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri mu boiler. Kuphatikiza apo, laimuyo imachepetsa kutentha kwa phulusa losungunuka m'maboiler oyaka malasha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale malo olimba omwe sakanachitika.

Zinyalala zamadzimadzi zochokera ku njira ya LSFO nthawi zambiri zimapita ku maiwe okhazikika pamodzi ndi zinyalala zamadzimadzi zochokera kwina kulikonse mu fakitole yamagetsi. Madzi onyowa a FGD amatha kudzazidwa ndi mankhwala a sulfite ndi sulfate ndipo zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zambiri zimalepheretsa kutuluka kwake ku mitsinje, mitsinje kapena njira zina zamadzi. Komanso, kubwezeretsanso madzi otayika/mowa kubwerera ku scrubber kungayambitse kusonkhanitsa kwa mchere wa sodium, potaziyamu, calcium, magnesium kapena chloride wosungunuka. Mitundu iyi imatha kupanga ma crystal pokhapokha ngati magazi okwanira aperekedwa kuti mchere wosungunuka ukhale pansi pa kukhuta. Vuto lina ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala zomwe zimakhazikika pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwa maiwe akuluakulu, okhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zokhazikika. Muzochitika wamba, wosanjikiza wokhazikika mu dziwe lokhazikika ukhoza kukhala ndi gawo lamadzimadzi la 50 peresenti kapena kuposerapo ngakhale patatha miyezi ingapo yosungidwa.

Kalisiamu sulfate yomwe yapezeka kuchokera ku matope obwezeretsanso a absorber ikhoza kukhala ndi phulusa la miyala yamchere ndi calcium sulfite losakhudzidwa kwambiri. Zoipitsazi zimatha kuletsa calcium sulfate kuti isagulitsidwe ngati gypsum yopangidwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito popanga makoma, pulasitala, ndi simenti. Limestone yosakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi chidetso chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka mu gypsum yopangidwa ndipo ndi chidetso chofala kwambiri mu gypsum yachilengedwe (yomwe imakumbidwa). Ngakhale kuti limestone yokha siisokoneza mawonekedwe a zinthu zomaliza za makoma, mawonekedwe ake okwirira amachititsa kuti pakhale mavuto owonongeka pazida zogwirira ntchito. Calcium sulfite ndi chidetso chosafunikira mu gypsum iliyonse chifukwa kukula kwake kochepa kumabweretsa mavuto a kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mavuto ena okonza monga kutsuka makeke ndi kuchotsa madzi m'thupi.

Ngati zinthu zolimba zomwe zimapangidwa mu ndondomeko ya LSFO sizingagulitsidwe ngati gypsum yopangidwa, izi zimabweretsa vuto lalikulu lotaya zinyalala. Pa boiler ya 1000 MW yogwiritsa ntchito malasha a sulfure 1 peresenti, kuchuluka kwa gypsum ndi pafupifupi matani 550 (ochepa) patsiku. Pa fakitale yomweyi yogwiritsa ntchito malasha a sulfure 2 peresenti, kupanga kwa gypsum kumawonjezeka kufika pafupifupi matani 1100 patsiku. Powonjezera matani 1000 patsiku popanga phulusa la ntchentche, izi zimapangitsa kuti matani onse a zinyalala zolimba akhale pafupifupi matani 1550 patsiku pa chidebe cha malasha cha sulfure 1 peresenti ndi matani 2100 patsiku pa chidebe cha sulfure 2 peresenti.

Ubwino wa EADS

Njira ina yodziwika bwino yogwiritsira ntchito ukadaulo m'malo mwa kutsuka LSFO imalowa m'malo mwa miyala yamchere ndi ammonia ngati chothandizira kuchotsa SO2. Zinthu zolimba zogayira, kusungira, kusamalira ndi kunyamula mu dongosolo la LSFO zimalowetsedwa m'malo mwa matanki osungiramo madzi a ammonia kapena anhydrous. Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa dongosolo la kayendedwe ka EADS lomwe laperekedwa ndi JET Inc.

Ammonia, mpweya wotuluka m'madzi, mpweya wotulutsa okosijeni ndi madzi opangidwa ndi makina amalowa mu absorber yokhala ndi ma nozzle ambiri opopera. Ma nozzle amapanga madontho ang'onoang'ono a reagent yokhala ndi ammonia kuti atsimikizire kuti reagentyo ikugwirizana ndi mpweya wotuluka m'madzi motsatira zotsatirazi:

(1) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O → (NH4)2SO3

(2) (NH4)2SO3 + ½O2 → (NH4)2SO4

SO2 yomwe ili mu mtsinje wa mpweya wa flue imakumana ndi ammonia kumtunda kwa chotengeracho kuti ipange ammonium sulfite. Pansi pa chotengera choyatsira mpweya chimagwira ntchito ngati thanki yosungiramo mpweya pomwe mpweya umasakaniza ammonium sulfite ndi ammonium sulfate. Yankho la ammonium sulfate lomwe limatuluka limapopedwa kubwerera ku ma nozzle headers pamlingo wosiyanasiyana mu choyatsira mpweya. Mpweya wa flue wotsukidwa usanatuluke pamwamba pa choyatsira mpweya, umadutsa mu demister yomwe imaphatikiza madontho aliwonse amadzimadzi olowetsedwa ndikugwira tinthu tating'onoting'ono.

Kuchita kwa ammonia ndi SO2 ndi sulfite oxidation ku sulfate zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito reagent yambiri. Makilogalamu anayi a ammonium sulfate amapangidwa pa kilogalamu iliyonse ya ammonia yomwe imadyedwa.

Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi njira ya LSFO, gawo la njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu/reagent/product likhoza kuchotsedwa kuti lipange chinthu china chogulitsidwa. Mu njira ya EADS, njira yochotsera zinthu imapopedwa kupita ku njira yobwezeretsanso zinthu zolimba zomwe zimakhala ndi hydrocyclone ndi centrifuge kuti zikhazikitse zinthu za ammonium sulfate zisanaume ndi kupakidwa. Madzi onse (hydrocyclone overflow ndi centrifuge centrate) amabwerera ku thanki ya slurry kenako amabwereranso mu mtsinje wobwezeretsanso wa ammonium sulfate.

• Machitidwe a EADS amapereka mphamvu yochotsa SO2 (>99%), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magetsi opangidwa ndi malasha azisinthasintha kwambiri kuti asakanize makala otsika mtengo komanso ambiri a sulfure.
• Pomwe makina a LSFO amapanga matani 0.7 a CO2 pa tani iliyonse ya SO2 yochotsedwa, njira ya EADS sipanga CO2.
• Popeza laimu ndi miyala yamchere sizigwira ntchito kwambiri poyerekeza ndi ammonia pochotsa SO2, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri komanso mphamvu yopopera kumafunika kuti pakhale kuyenda bwino kwa madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogwirira ntchito za LSFO zikhale zambiri.
• Ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina a EADS ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makina a LSFO. Monga taonera pamwambapa, ngakhale makina a EADS amafunikira zida zopangira ndi kulongedza ammonium sulfate, malo okonzera zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi LSFO safunikira pogaya, kusamalira ndi kunyamula.

Ubwino wodziwika bwino wa EADS ndi kuchotsa zinyalala zamadzimadzi ndi zolimba. Ukadaulo wa EADS ndi njira yopanda madzi, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti palibe mankhwala oyeretsera madzi otayika omwe amafunika. Chopangidwa ndi ammonium sulfate cholimba chimagulitsidwa mosavuta; ammonia sulfate ndiye feteleza ndi feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo msika wapadziko lonse ukuyembekezeka kukula mpaka 2030. Kuphatikiza apo, ngakhale kupanga ammonium sulfate kumafuna zida zoyeretsera, zowumitsira, zonyamulira ndi zolongedza, zinthuzi sizoyenera ndipo zimapezeka m'masitolo. Kutengera ndi momwe zinthu zilili pazachuma komanso pamsika, feteleza wa ammonium sulfate amatha kuchepetsa mtengo wa kuchotsa mpweya woipa pogwiritsa ntchito ammonia ndipo mwina angapereke phindu lalikulu.

Ndondomeko Yogwiritsira Ntchito Ammonia Desulfurization

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