I-Silicon Carbide FGD Nozzle yokususa i-sulfurization esitshalweni sikagesi

Ama-Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Absorber Nozzles
Ukususwa kwama-sulfur oxides, avame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-SOx, kumagesi okukhipha umoya kusetshenziswa i-reagent ye-alkali, njenge-limestone slurry emanzi.

Uma amafutha asetshenziswa ezinqubweni zokushisa ukuze kuqhutshwe ama-boiler, ama-oven, noma eminye imishini, anamandla okukhipha i-SO2 noma i-SO3 njengengxenye yegesi yokukhipha umoya. Lawa ma-sulfur oxide asabela kalula nezinye izinto ukuze akhe i-compound eyingozi njenge-sulfuric acid futhi anamandla okuthinta kabi impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Ngenxa yale miphumela engaba khona, ukulawulwa kwale compound kumagesi omoya kuyingxenye ebalulekile yezitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.

Ngenxa yokuguguleka, ukuvala, kanye nokwakheka, enye yezinhlelo ezithembeke kakhulu zokulawula lokhu kukhishwa yinqubo yokukhipha igesi emanzi evulekile (i-FGD) esebenzisa i-limestone, i-lime emanzi, amanzi olwandle, noma esinye isisombululo se-alkaline. Ama-nozzle okufutha ayakwazi ukusabalalisa lawa ma-slurry ngempumelelo nangokuthembekile emibhoshongweni yokumunca. Ngokudala amaphethini afanayo amaconsi anobukhulu obufanele, la ma-nozzle ayakwazi ukudala ngempumelelo indawo engaphezulu edingekayo ukuze kufakwe kahle ngenkathi kunciphisa ukufakwa kwesisombululo sokuhlikihla kugesi emanzi.

Ukukhetha i-FGD Absorber Nozzle:
Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele:

Ukuqina kwemidiya yokuhlafuna kanye nokuthamba kwayo
Usayizi weconsi odingekayo
Usayizi ofanele wamaconsi ubalulekile ukuqinisekisa amazinga afanele okumuncwa
Izinto zomlomo
Njengoba igesi yoketshezi ivame ukugqwala futhi uketshezi lokuhlikihla luvame ukuba yi-slurry enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile kanye nezakhiwo zokuhudula, ukukhetha izinto ezifanele zokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokuguguleka kubalulekile.
Ukumelana nokuvaleka kwe-nozzle
Njengoba uketshezi lokuhlikihla luvame ukuba yi-slurry enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezinto eziqinile, ukukhetha i-nozzle maqondana nokumelana nokuvaleka kubalulekile.
Iphethini yokufutha kwe-nozzle kanye nokubekwa kwayo
Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumuncwa okufanele, ukumbozwa okuphelele komfudlana wegesi ngaphandle kokudlula kanye nesikhathi esanele sokuhlala kubalulekile.
Usayizi woxhumano lwe-nozzle kanye nohlobo
Amazinga okugeleza koketshezi okuhlafunwayo
Ukwehla kwengcindezi okutholakalayo (∆P) ku-nozzle
∆P = ingcindezi yokunikezela endaweni yokungena kwe-nozzle - ingcindezi yenqubo engaphandle kwe-nozzle
Onjiniyela bethu abanolwazi bangasiza ekunqumeni ukuthi iyiphi i-nozzle ezosebenza njengoba kudingeka ngemininingwane yakho yomklamo
Ukusetshenziswa kanye Nezimboni Ze-FGD Absorber Nozzle Ejwayelekile:
Izitshalo zamandla kagesi zamalahle nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa uphethiloli
Izindawo zokuhluza uphethiloli
Izindawo zokushisa imfucuza kamasipala
Amahhavini esimende
Izincibilikisi zensimbi

Ishidi Ledatha Lezinto Ze-SiC

Izithiyo ngeLime/Limestone

Njengoba kuboniswe kuMfanekiso 1, izinhlelo ze-FGD ezisebenzisa i-lime/limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) zifaka phakathi izinhlelo ezintathu ezinkulu:

• Ukulungiswa, ukuphathwa kanye nokugcinwa kwe-reagent
• Isitsha sokufunxa
• Ukuphathwa kwemfucuza kanye nomkhiqizo olandelanayo

Ukulungiswa kwe-reagent kuqukethe ukudlulisa i-limestone echotshoziwe (i-CaCO3) kusuka endaweni yokugcina izinto iye ethangini lokuphakelayo eliphazamisekile. I-limestone slurry ephumayo bese ipompelwa esitsheni sokumunca kanye negesi ye-boiler flue kanye nomoya oxoshayo. Ama-nozzle okufutha aletha amaconsi amancane e-reagent abese egeleza ngokumelene negesi ye-flue engenayo. I-SO2 kugesi ye-flue isabela ne-reagent ecebile nge-calcium ukuze yakhe i-calcium sulfite (i-CaSO3) kanye ne-CO2. Umoya ongeniswa ku-absorber ukhuthaza i-oxidation ye-CaSO3 ku-CaSO4 (ifomu le-dihydrate).

Izimpendulo eziyisisekelo ze-LSFO yilezi:

I-CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2 · 2H2O

I-slurry e-oxidized iqoqa phansi kwe-absorber bese iphinda isetshenziswe kanye ne-reagent entsha ibuyele kuma-nozzle headers. Ingxenye yomfula wokuphinda isetshenziswe ihoxiswa ohlelweni lokuphatha imfucuza/umkhiqizo ongaphandle, oluvame ukuba nama-hydrocyclones, izihlungi ze-drum noma zebhande, kanye nethangi lokugcina amanzi angcolile/utshwala elivuselelwe. Amanzi angcolile avela ethangini lokugcina aphinde asetshenziswe ethangini lokuphakela i-reagent ye-limestone noma e-hydrocyclone lapho ukugcwala kususwa khona njengokungcola.

Inqubo Yokuhlafuna Emanzi Ejwayelekile Ye-Lime/Limestone Ephoqelelwe I-Oxidatin

Izinhlelo ze-LSFO ezimanzi ngokuvamile zingafinyelela ukusebenza kahle kokususa i-SO2 okungamaphesenti angama-95-97. Nokho, ukufinyelela amazinga angaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-97.5 ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokulawula ukukhishwa komoya, kunzima, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ezisebenzisa amalahle ane-sulfur ephezulu. Ama-catalyst e-magnesium angangezwa noma i-limestone ingafakwa i-calcined ibe yi-lime ephezulu yokusabela (i-CaO), kodwa izinguquko ezinjalo zihilela imishini eyengeziwe yesitshalo kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi namandla ezihambisanayo. Isibonelo, ukufaka i-calcined ibe yi-lime kudinga ukufakwa kwesitofu se-lime esihlukile. Futhi, i-lime ivuvukala kalula futhi lokhu kwandisa amathuba okwakheka kwediphozithi yesikali ku-scrubber.

Izindleko zokugaya i-calcination nge-lime kiln zingancishiswa ngokufaka i-limestone ngqo esithandweni se-boiler. Kule ndlela, i-lime ekhiqizwa ku-boiler ithwalwa negesi yomoya ophumayo iye ku-scrubber. Izinkinga ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi ukungcola kwe-boiler, ukuphazamiseka kokudluliselwa kokushisa, kanye nokungasebenzi kwe-lime ngenxa yokusha ngokweqile ku-boiler. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-lime inciphisa izinga lokushisa lokugeleza komlotha oncibilikisiwe kuma-boiler asebenza ngamalahle, okuholela ekufakweni okuqinile obekungeke kwenzeke ngaphandle kwalokho.

Imfucuza yoketshezi evela enkambisweni ye-LSFO ivame ukuqondiswa emachibini okuzinzisa kanye nemfucuza yoketshezi evela kwenye indawo esiteshini sikagesi. Ukungcola koketshezi kwe-FGD okumanzi kungagcwala ngamakhemikhali e-sulfite ne-sulfate futhi izinto eziphathelene nemvelo zivame ukukhawulela ukukhishwa kwayo emifuleni, emifuleni noma kwezinye izindawo zamanzi. Futhi, ukuphinda usebenzise amanzi angcolile/utshwala emuva e-scrubber kungaholela ekuqongeleleni kosawoti we-sodium, i-potassium, i-calcium, i-magnesium noma i-chloride encibilikisiwe. Lezi zinhlobo zingagcina zicwebezela ngaphandle kokuthi kunikezwe ukopha okwanele ukugcina amazinga kasawoti ancibilikisiwe engaphansi kokugcwala. Inkinga eyengeziwe izinga lokuhlala kancane kwezinto eziqinile zemfucuza, okuholela esidingweni samachibi amakhulu, anomthamo ophezulu wokuzinzisa. Ezimweni ezivamile, ungqimba oluzinzile echibini lokuzinzisa lungaqukatha isigaba soketshezi esingamaphesenti angama-50 noma ngaphezulu ngisho nangemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokugcina.

I-calcium sulfate etholakale esitsheni sokuphinda sisebenzise i-absorber ingaba nomlotha we-limestone ongaphenduliwe kanye ne-calcium sulfite. Lokhu kungcola kungavimbela i-calcium sulfate ukuthi ithengiswe njenge-gypsum yokwenziwa ukuze isetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni kwebhodi lodonga, i-plaster, kanye ne-samente. I-limestone engaphenduliwe iwukungcola okuyinhloko okutholakala ku-gypsum yokwenziwa futhi futhi iwukungcola okuvamile ku-gypsum yemvelo (embiwe). Ngenkathi i-limestone ngokwayo ingaphazamisi izakhiwo zemikhiqizo yokugcina yebhodi lodonga, izakhiwo zayo zokukhuhla ziveza izinkinga zokuguguleka kwemishini yokucubungula. I-calcium sulfite iwukungcola okungafuneki kunoma iyiphi i-gypsum njengoba usayizi wayo omncane wezinhlayiya ubangela izinkinga zokukhula kanye nezinye izinkinga zokucubungula njengokuwasha amakhekhe nokususa amanzi.

Uma izinto eziqinile ezikhiqizwe enqubweni ye-LSFO zingadayiswa ngokwezentengiselwano njenge-gypsum yokwenziwa, lokhu kudala inkinga enkulu yokulahla imfucuza. Ku-boiler engu-1000 MW ephehla amalahle esibabule angu-1%, inani le-gypsum lingaba ngamathani angu-550 (amafushane)/ngosuku. Ku-2% yamalahle esibabule esitshalweni esifanayo, ukukhiqizwa kwe-gypsum kuyanda cishe ngamathani angu-1100/ngosuku. Ukwengeza amathani angaba ngu-1000/ngosuku ekukhiqizweni komlotha ompukane, lokhu kuletha inani eliphelele lamathani emfucuza eqinile cishe ngamathani angu-1550/ngosuku ekhesini lamalahle esibabule elingu-1% kanye namathani angu-2100/ngosuku ekhesini lesibabule elingu-2%.

Izinzuzo ze-EADS

Indlela ehlukile yobuchwepheshe eqinisekisiwe esikhundleni sokuhlafuna i-LSFO ithatha indawo ye-limestone nge-ammonia njenge-reagent yokususa i-SO2. Izingxenye ze-reagent eqinile yokugaya, ukugcina, ukuphatha kanye nokuthutha ohlelweni lwe-LSFO zithathelwa indawo ngamathangi okugcina alula e-ammonia enamanzi noma engenamanzi. Isithombe 2 sibonisa isimiso sokugeleza kohlelo lwe-EADS olunikezwa yi-JET Inc.

I-Amoniya, igesi yolwelwesi, umoya oxoxisayo kanye namanzi enqubo kungena ku-absorber equkethe amazinga amaningi e-spray nozzles. Ama-nozzles akhiqiza amaconsi amancane e-reagent equkethe i-ammonia ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-reagent ixhumana eduze negesi yolwelwesi engenayo ngokwemiphumela elandelayo:

(1) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O → (NH4)2SO3

(2) (NH4)2SO3 + ½O2 → (NH4)2SO4

I-SO2 emgudwini wegesi ye-flue iphendula ne-ammonia engxenyeni engenhla yomkhumbi ukuze ikhiqize i-ammonium sulfite. Iphansi lomkhumbi we-absorber lisebenza njengethangi le-oxidation lapho umoya uxuba i-ammonium sulfite ibe yi-ammonium sulfate. Isixazululo se-ammonium sulfate esiphumelayo sipontshwa sibuyiselwe ezihlokweni ze-spray nozzle emazingeni amaningi ku-absorber. Ngaphambi kokuba igesi ye-flue ehlanziwe iphume phezulu kwe-absorber, idlula ku-demister ehlanganisa noma yimaphi amaconsi amanzi afakwe ngaphakathi bese ibamba izinhlayiya ezincane.

Ukusabela kwe-ammonia ne-SO2 kanye nokushiswa kwe-sulfite ku-sulfate kufeza izinga eliphezulu lokusetshenziswa kwe-reagent. Amakhilogremu amane e-ammonium sulfate akhiqizwa ngekhilogremu ngalinye le-ammonia elisetshenziswayo.

Njengoba kunjalo ngenqubo ye-LSFO, ingxenye yomsinga wokuvuselela kabusha we-reagent/umkhiqizo ingahoxiswa ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo ongaphansi kokuhweba. Ohlelweni lwe-EADS, ikhambi lomkhiqizo wokususa liphonswa ohlelweni lokubuyisa izinto eziqinile oluqukethe i-hydrocyclone kanye ne-centrifuge ukuze kugxilwe umkhiqizo we-ammonium sulfate ngaphambi kokomiswa nokupakishwa. Zonke izinto eziwuketshezi (i-hydrocyclone overflow kanye ne-centrifuge centrate) ziqondiswa emuva ethangini elimanzi bese ziphinde zethulwe emsinga wokuvuselela kabusha we-ammonium sulfate.

• Izinhlelo ze-EADS zinikeza ukusebenza kahle kokususa i-SO2 okuphezulu (>99%), okunikeza izitshalo zamandla ezisebenzisa amalahle ukuguquguquka okwengeziwe kokuxuba amalahle esulfure ashibhile futhi aphezulu.
• Ngenkathi izinhlelo ze-LSFO zakha amathani angu-0.7 e-CO2 ngethani ngalinye le-SO2 elisusiwe, inqubo ye-EADS ayikhiqizi i-CO2.
• Ngenxa yokuthi i-lime kanye ne-limestone azisabela kahle uma kuqhathaniswa ne-ammonia yokususa i-SO2, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi kanye namandla okupompa kuyadingeka ukuze kufezwe amazinga aphezulu okujikeleza kwegazi. Lokhu kuphumela ezindleleni zokusebenza eziphezulu zezinhlelo ze-LSFO.
• Izindleko ezinkulu zezinhlelo ze-EADS zifana nalezo zokwakha uhlelo lwe-LSFO. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, yize uhlelo lwe-EADS ludinga imishini yokucubungula umkhiqizo kanye nokupakisha i-ammonium sulfate, izindawo zokulungiselela ama-reagent ezihlobene ne-LSFO azidingeki ekugayweni, ekuphathweni nasekuthuthweni.

Inzuzo evelele kakhulu ye-EADS ukususwa kwemfucuza yoketshezi kanye neyokuqina. Ubuchwepheshe be-EADS buyinqubo yokukhipha uketshezi olungenawo uketshezi, okusho ukuthi akudingeki ukwelashwa kwamanzi amdaka. Umkhiqizo ongaphansi kwe-ammonium sulfate eqinile ungathengiswa kalula; i-ammonium sulfate iyindawo esetshenziswa kakhulu yomanyolo kanye nomanyolo emhlabeni, kulindeleke ukukhula kwemakethe yomhlaba wonke kuze kube ngu-2030. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkathi ukukhiqizwa kwe-ammonium sulfate kudinga imishini ye-centrifuge, dryer, conveyor kanye neyokupakisha, lezi zinto azinawo amalungelo futhi ziyatholakala kwezentengiselwano. Kuye ngezimo zomnotho nezemakethe, umanyolo we-ammonium sulfate unganciphisa izindleko zokukhishwa kwegesi ephuma ku-ammonium futhi kungenzeka unikeze inzuzo enkulu.

Isimiso Senqubo Yokususa I-Ammonia Ephumelelayo

I-Shandong Zhongpeng Special Ceramics Co., Ltd ingenye yezixazululo ezinkulu zezinto ezintsha ze-silicon carbide ceramic eShayina. I-SiC technical ceramic: Ubulukhuni bukaMoh buyi-9 (ubulukhuni bukaMoh obuyi-13), bunokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokuguguleka nokugqwala, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu - ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokulwa nokubola. Impilo yesevisi yomkhiqizo we-SiC ide ngokuphindwe ka-4 kuya ku-5 kune-92% ye-alumina material. I-MOR ye-RBSiC iphindwe ka-5 kuya ku-7 kune-SNBSC, ingasetshenziswa ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Inqubo yokucaphuna iyashesha, ukulethwa kunjengoba kuthenjisiwe futhi ikhwalithi ayilingani. Sihlala siphikelela ekuphonseni inselelo imigomo yethu futhi sibuyisela izinhliziyo zethu emphakathini.