Pūwero FGD Silicon Carbide mō te whakakorenga pūngao i roto i te tipu hiko

Ngā Pūwero Whakakorenga Hau Kore (FGD)
Te tango i ngā waikura whanariki, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te SOx, mai i ngā hau putanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi matū kawakore, pērā i te paru kōhatu mākū.

Ina whakamahia ngā wahie pūmua i roto i ngā tukanga tahunga hei whakahaere i ngā poiha, ngā oumu, me ētahi atu taputapu rānei, ka taea e rātou te tuku i te SO2, te SO3 rānei hei wāhanga o te hau putanga. Ka tere te tauhohe o ēnei waikura whanariki ki ētahi atu huānga hei hanga i tētahi matū kino pērā i te waikawa whanariki, ā, ka taea hoki te pā kino ki te hauora o te tangata me te taiao. Nā ēnei pānga pea, he mea nui te whakahaere i tēnei matū i roto i ngā hau paipa o ngā tipu hiko waro me ētahi atu tono ahumahi.

Nā te āwangawanga mō te horo, te ārai, me te hangahanga o ngā paru, ko tētahi o ngā pūnaha tino pono hei whakahaere i ēnei tukunga ko te tukanga whakakorenga hau paru mākū (FGD) tuwhera-pourewa mā te whakamahi i te kōhatu kōhatu, te kōhatu wai, te wai moana, tētahi atu otinga kawakore rānei. Ka taea e ngā pūwero rehu te tohatoha tika me te pono i ēnei paru ki roto i ngā pou mimiti. Mā te hanga i ngā tauira ōrite o ngā pata iti e tika ana te rahi, ka taea e ēnei pūwero te hanga i te horahanga mata e hiahiatia ana mō te mimiti tika me te whakaiti i te urunga o te otinga horoi ki roto i te hau paru.

Te Kōwhiri i te Pūwero Āmio FGD:
Ngā āhuatanga nui hei whakaaroaro:

Te matotoru me te matotoru o te rauemi horoi
Rahi o te pata e hiahiatia ana
He mea nui te rahi tika o te pata hei whakarite i te tere mimiti tika
Rauemi pūwero
I te mea he waikura te hau paru, ā, he paru te wai horoi he nui ngā totoka me ngā āhuatanga whakakoi, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te rauemi e tika ana mō te waikura me te ātete ki te kakahu.
Ātete ki te aukati ihu
I te mea he paru te wai horoi he nui ngā totoka, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te pūwero kia ātete ki te aukati.
Te tauira me te tūnga o te pupuhi
Hei whakarite kia tika te mimiti, he mea nui te kapi katoa o te rerenga hau me te kore he arai, me te wā noho e ranea ana.
Te rahi me te momo hononga o te pūwero
Ngā tere rere wai horoi e hiahiatia ana
Te maturuturunga pēhanga e wātea ana (∆P) puta noa i te pūwero
∆P = te pēhanga tuku i te tomokanga o te pūwero – te pēhanga tukanga i waho o te pūwero
Ka taea e ā mātou miihini mohio te āwhina ki te whakatau ko tēhea pūwero ka mahi kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o tō hoahoa.
Ngā Whakamahinga me ngā Ahumahi o te Pūwero FGD Absorber:
Ngā tipu hiko waro me ētahi atu wahie pūmua
Ngā whare whakahinuhinu hinu
Ngā tahunga para ā-tāone
Ngā oumu sima
Ngā kaiwhakarewa whakarewa

Pepa Raraunga Rauemi SiC

Ngā ngoikoretanga o te raima/raima

E ai ki te Pikitia 1, e toru ngā pūnaha matua o ngā pūnaha FGD e whakamahi ana i te waikura ā-pūwero/kōhatu kōhatu (LSFO):

• Te whakarite, te whakahaere me te rokiroki i te matū tauhohenga
• Ipu mimiti
• Te whakahaere i ngā para me ngā hua taha

Ko te whakarite i te matū tauhohe ko te kawe i te kōhatu kōhatu (CaCO3) mai i te whare rokiroki ki te tāke whāngai kua whakaohokia. Kātahi ka pamuhia te paru kōhatu ka puta ki te ipu mimiti me te hau paipa me te hau whakapūngao. Ka tukuna e ngā pūwero he pata iti o te matū tauhohe ka rere i te au whakamuri ki te hau paipa e haere mai ana. Ka tauhohe te SO2 i roto i te hau paipa ki te matū tauhohe whai konupūmā hei hanga i te konupūmā whanariki (CaSO3) me te CO2. Ka whakatairangahia e te hau e whakaurua ana ki te matū mimiti te whakapūngao o te CaSO3 ki te CaSO4 (te āhua dihydrate).

Ko ngā tauhohenga LSFO taketake ko:

CaCO3 + SO2 → CaSO3 + CO2 · 2H2O

Ka kohia te paru kua waikurahia ki raro i te ngongo mimiti, ā, ka hangaruatia anō me te matū hou ki ngā pane o te pūwero rehu. Ka tangohia tētahi wāhanga o te awa hangarua ki te pūnaha whakahaere para/hua taha, e titoa ana i ngā hydrocyclones, ngā tātari pū, ngā tātari whitiki rānei, me te tāke pupuri wai para/waipiro kua whakaohokia. Ka hangaruatia anō te wai para mai i te tāke pupuri ki te tāke whāngai matū uku, ki te hydrocyclone rānei, ki reira ka tangohia te waipuke hei para.

Kauwhata Tukanga Horoi Makuku Ārai/Kohatu Kohatu Noa

Ko te tikanga, ka taea e ngā pūnaha LSFO mākū te whakatutuki i te pai o te tango SO2 o te 95-97 ōrau. Heoi, he uaua te eke ki ngā taumata i runga ake i te 97.5 ōrau hei whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga whakahaere tukunga, inā koa mō ngā tipu e whakamahi ana i ngā waro whanariki nui. Ka taea te tāpiri i ngā whakakorikori konupora, ka taea rānei te whakakorikori i te kōhatu ki te raima (CaO) kaha ake te tauhohenga, engari ko ēnei whakarerekētanga ka uru atu ki ngā taputapu tipu tāpiri me ngā utu mahi me te hiko e pā ana. Hei tauira, ko te whakakorikori ki te raima me whakauru he oumu raima motuhake. Waihoki, ka tere te whakapūpū o te raima, ā, ka piki ake te kaha o te hanganga putunga unahi i roto i te kaihoroi.

Ka taea te whakaiti i te utu o te whakakā me te oumu raima mā te werohanga tika i te kōhatu raima ki roto i te oumu poiha. I tēnei huarahi, ka haria te raima i hangaia i roto i te poiha me te hau paru ki roto i te horoi. Ko ngā raruraru pea ko te poke o te poiha, te whakararuraru i te whakawhiti wera, me te whakakorenga o te raima nā te wera nui i roto i te poiha. Heoi anō, ka whakaitihia e te raima te pāmahana rere o te pungarehu rewa i roto i ngā poiha waro, ka hua ake he putunga totoka e kore e puta.

Ko ngā para wai mai i te tukanga LSFO ka tukuna ki ngā puna whakapūmau me ngā para wai mai i ētahi atu wāhi o te tipu hiko. Ka taea te whakakī i te para wai FGD mākū ki ngā matū whanariki me te whanariki, ā, ko ngā whakaaro taiao ka whakawhāiti i tōna tukunga ki ngā awa, ki ngā manga wai rānei. Waihoki, ko te hangarua i ngā para wai/waipiro ki te horoi ka arahi ki te kohikohinga o ngā tote konutai, pāhare pāporo, konupūmā, konupora, pūhaumāota rānei kua rewa. Ka taea e ēnei momo te whakatio i te mutunga ki te kore e whakaratohia he nui te toto hei pupuri i ngā kukū tote kua rewa ki raro i te kukū. Ko tētahi atu raruraru ko te tere puhoi o te taunga o ngā para totoka, e hua ake ai te hiahia mō ngā puna whakapūmau nui, nui te rahinga. I roto i ngā āhuatanga noa, ka taea e te paparanga taunga i roto i te puna whakapūmau te pupuri i te 50 ōrau, neke atu rānei o te wāhanga wai ahakoa i muri i ētahi marama o te rokiroki.

Tērā pea he nui te konupūmā whanariki i kohia mai i te paru hangarua o te kaihoroi i roto i te kōhatu kōhatu me te pungarehu konupūmā whanariki kāore i tauhohetia. Ka taea e ēnei poke te aukati i te hokonga o te konupūmā whanariki hei gypsum hangai hei whakamahi i roto i te papa pakitara, te paraikete, me te hanga sima. Ko te kōhatu kōhatu kāore i tauhohetia te paru nui e kitea ana i roto i te gypsum hangai, ā, he paru noa hoki i roto i te gypsum tūturu (keria). Ahakoa kāore te kōhatu kōhatu e whakararuraru i ngā āhuatanga o ngā hua mutunga papa pakitara, ko ōna āhuatanga whakakoi he take pakaru mō ngā taputapu tukatuka. He paru kāore e hiahiatia te konupūmā whanariki i roto i tētahi gypsum nā te mea he raruraru tauine me ētahi atu raruraru tukatuka tōna rahi matūriki angiangi pērā i te horoi keke me te tango wai.

Mena kāore ngā matū totoka i puta i te tukanga LSFO e taea te hokohoko hei gypsum hangai, he raruraru nui tēnei mō te whakakorenga para. Mō te poiha 1000 MW e tahu ana i te waro whanariki 1 ōrau, ko te nui o te gypsum e tata ana ki te 550 tāne (poto)/rā. Mō te tipu kotahi e tahu ana i te waro whanariki 2 ōrau, ka piki ake te hanga gypsum ki te tata ki te 1100 tāne/rā. Mā te tāpiri i te 1000 tāne/rā mō te hanga pungarehu rere, ka eke te katoa o te taumaha para totoka ki te tata ki te 1550 tāne/rā mō te kēhi waro whanariki 1 ōrau me te 2100 tāne/rā mō te kēhi whanariki 2 ōrau.

Ngā Painga o te EADS

He hangarau kua whakamātauhia hei whakakapi i te horoi LSFO, e whakakapi ana i te kōhatu papatahi ki te haukini hei matū tango SO2. Ko ngā wāhanga mira, rokiroki, whakahaere me te kawe matū totoka i roto i te pūnaha LSFO ka whakakapia ki ngā tāke rokiroki māmā mō te haukini wai, haukini kore wai rānei. E whakaatu ana te Pikitia 2 i tētahi mahere rere mō te pūnaha EADS i whakaratohia e JET Inc.

Ka uru te haukini, te hau paru, te hau whakapūngao me te wai tukatuka ki roto i tētahi pūwero kei roto ngā taumata maha o ngā pūwero rehu. Ka whakaputahia e ngā pūwero he pata iti o te matū kei roto he haukini hei whakarite kia piri tata te matū ki te hau paru e haere mai ana, e ai ki ngā tauhohenga e whai ake nei:

(1) SO2 + 2NH3 + H2O → (NH4)2SO3

(2) (NH4)2SO3 + ½O2 → (NH4)2SO4

Ka tauhohe te SO2 i roto i te awa hau para ki te haukini i te haurua o runga o te ipu hei whakaputa i te ammonium sulfite. Ko te raro o te ipu mimiti hei tāke whakapūngao, ka whakapūngaohia e te hau te ammonium sulfite hei ammonium sulfate. Ko te otinga ammonium sulfate ka puta mai ka pamuhia ki ngā pane o te pūwero i ngā taumata maha i roto i te mimiti. I mua i te putanga o te hau para kua horoia mai i te tihi o te mimiti, ka haere mā roto i te demister e whakakotahi ana i ngā pata wai kua mau, ā, ka hopu i ngā matūriki angiangi.

Nā te tauhohenga haukini ki te SO2 me te whakapūkara whanariki ki te whanariki ka eke ki te tere whakamahinga teitei. E whā pauna o te haukini whanariki ka puta mō ia pauna o te haukini e pau ana.

Pērā i te tukanga LSFO, ka taea te tango i tētahi wāhanga o te awa hangarua matū/hua hei whakaputa i tētahi hua taha arumoni. I roto i te pūnaha EADS, ka papuhia te otinga hua tango ki tētahi pūnaha whakaora totoka kei roto ko te hydrocyclone me te centrifuge hei whakakī i te hua ammonium sulfate i mua i te whakamaroke me te takai. Ka tukuna ngā wai katoa (te waipuke hydrocyclone me te centrifuge centrate) ki tētahi tāke paru, kātahi ka tukuna anō ki roto i te awa hangarua ammonium sulfate mimiti.

• He nui ake te whai huatanga o ngā pūnaha EADS ki te tango i te SO2 (>99%), ā, ka nui ake te ngāwari o ngā tipu hiko waro ki te whakaranu i ngā waro iti ake te utu, he nui ake te whanariki.
• Ahakoa e hanga ana ngā pūnaha LSFO i te 0.7 tana o te CO2 mō ia tana o te SO2 e tangohia ana, kāore te tukanga EADS e whakaputa i te CO2.
• Nā te mea he iti ake te tauhohenga o te raima me te kōhatu iti ki te haukini mō te tango SO2, me nui ake te wai tukatuka me te pūngao papu e hiahiatia ana kia eke ki ngā tere tohanga teitei. Ka hua ake tēnei i ngā utu whakahaere nui ake mō ngā pūnaha LSFO.
• He rite tonu ngā utu whakapaipai mō ngā pūnaha EADS ki ērā mō te hanga i tētahi pūnaha LSFO. E ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, ahakoa e hiahiatia ana e te pūnaha EADS ngā taputapu tukatuka me te tākai hua taha o te ammonium sulfate, kāore e hiahiatia ngā whare whakarite matū e pā ana ki te LSFO mō te mira, te whakahaere me te kawe.

Ko te painga tino motuhake o te EADS ko te whakakorenga o ngā para wai me ngā para totoka. Ko te hangarau EADS he tukanga kore-wai-tukunga, arā, kāore he maimoatanga waipara e hiahiatia ana. He ngāwari te hokohoko i te hua taha o te ammonium sulfate totoka; ko te ammonium sulfate te tongi me te wāhanga tongi e whakamahia nuitia ana i te ao, me te tipu o te mākete o te ao katoa tae noa ki te tau 2030. Hei tāpiri, ahakoa me whakamahi he taputapu centrifuge, he whakamaroke, he kawe me te takai mō te hanga o te ammonium sulfate, kāore ēnei taonga i te motuhake, ā, kei te wātea hoki i te taha hokohoko. I runga i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga me te mākete, ka taea e te tongi ammonium sulfate te whakakore i ngā utu mō te whakakorenga hau hau i runga i te ammonium sulfate, ā, tera pea ka puta he hua nui.

Kaupapa Tukanga Whakakorenga Haukini Whai Hua

Ko Shandong Zhongpeng Special Ceramics Co., Ltd tētahi o ngā otinga rauemi hou uku silicon carbide nui rawa atu i Haina. Uku hangarau SiC: Ko te pakeke o Moh he 9 (ko te pakeke o Moh hou he 13), he ātete pai ki te horo me te waikura, he ātete pai ki te pakū me te ārai-waikura. Ko te roa o te ora ratonga o te hua SiC he 4 ki te 5 ngā wā roa atu i te rauemi alumina 92%. Ko te MOR o RBSiC he 5 ki te 7 ngā wā i tō SNBSC, ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā āhua uaua ake. He tere te tukanga whakatau utu, ko te tuku e rite ana ki te mea i oatitia, ā, ko te kounga kāore he rite. Ka tohe tonu mātou ki te wero i ā mātou whāinga me te tuku i ō mātou ngākau ki te hapori.