Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-semiconductors e-silicon carbide compound athole ukunakwa okubanzi embonini. Kodwa-ke, njengempahla ephezulu yokusebenza, i-silicon carbide iyingxenye encane yemishini kagesi (ama-diode, amadivaysi kagesi). Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengama-abrasives, izinto zokusika, izinto zokwakha, izinto ezibonakalayo, izithwali ze-catalyst, nokuningi. Namuhla, sethula ikakhulukazi izinto zobumba ze-silicon carbide, ezinezinzuzo zokuzinza kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqokwa, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukuguquguquka okuphezulu kwe-thermal, i-coefficient ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo, ukuminyana okuphansi, namandla aphezulu emishini. Zisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni efana nemishini yamakhemikhali, amandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ama-semiconductors, i-metallurgy, imboni yezokuvikela kazwelonke kanye nezempi.
I-Silicon carbide (SiC)iqukethe i-silicon ne-carbon, futhi iyinhlanganisela yesakhiwo sezinhlobo eziningi, ikakhulukazi ehlanganisa amafomu amabili ekristalu: α - SiC (uhlobo olusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa) kanye no-β - SiC (uhlobo oluzinzile lwezinga lokushisa eliphansi). Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezingaphezu kuka-200 sezizonke, phakathi kwazo i-3C SiC ka-β – SiC kanye ne-2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, kanye ne-15R SiC ka-α – SiC zimele.
Umfanekiso we-SiC Multibody Structure
Uma izinga lokushisa lingaphansi kuka-1600 ℃, i-SiC ikhona ngendlela ye-β - SiC futhi ingalungiselelwa kusuka kungxube elula ye-silicon ne-carbon cishe ku-1450 ℃. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ku-1600 ℃, β – SiC kancane kancane ishintsha ibe ama-polymorphs ahlukahlukene ka-α – SiC. I-4H SiC ikhiqizwa kalula cishe ku-2000 ℃; Womabili ama-polymorphs angu-6H kanye ne-15R adinga izinga lokushisa eliphezulu ngaphezu kuka-2100 ℃ ukuze akheke kalula; I-6H SiC ingahlala izinzile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elingaphezu kuka-2200 ℃, iyenze isetshenziswe kabanzi ezinhlelweni zezimboni.
I-silicon carbide ehlanzekile iyikristalu engenambala futhi esobala, kuyilapho i-silicon carbide yezimboni ingaba nemibala, ephuzi ngokuphaphathekile, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okotshani, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, noma emnyama imbala, namazinga okukhanya anciphayo. Imboni ye-abrasive ihlukanisa i-silicon carbide ngezinhlobo ezimbili ngokusekelwe embala: i-silicon carbide emnyama ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza. I-silicon carbide engenambala ukuya kokuluhlaza okumnyama ihlukaniswa njenge-silicon carbide eluhlaza, kuyilapho i-silicon carbide ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iye kumnyama ihlukaniswa njenge-silicon carbide emnyama. I-silicon carbide emnyama kanye ne-silicon carbide eluhlaza kokubili amakristalu e-alpha SiC ane-hexagonal, futhi i-silicon carbide micro powder eluhlaza ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njengempahla eluhlaza ye-silicon carbide ceramics.
Ukusebenza Kwe-Silicon Carbide Ceramics Ilungiselelwe Izinqubo Ezihlukene
Kodwa-ke, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide zinesimo esibi sokuqina kokuphuka okuphansi kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, izitsha zobumba ezisekelwe ku-silicon carbide ceramics, njenge-fiber (noma i-whisker) eqinisiwe, ukuqinisa ukuhlakazeka kwezinhlayiyana ezihlukahlukene, nezinto zokusebenza ze-gradient, ziye zavela ngokulandelana, okwenza ngcono ukuqina namandla ezinto ezingazodwana.
Njengempahla esezingeni eliphezulu ye-ceramic esezingeni eliphezulu, i-silicon carbide ceramics isetshenziswe ngokwandayo kumakhilni ashisa kakhulu, insimbi yensimbi, i-petrochemicals, i-mechanical electronics, i-aerospace, amandla nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, amandla enuzi, izimoto kanye neminye imikhakha.
Ngo-2022, usayizi wemakethe we-silicon carbide structural ceramics e-China kulindeleke ukuthi ufinyelele ku-18.2 billion yuan. Ngokunwetshwa okwengeziwe kwezinkambu zokufaka izicelo kanye nezidingo zokukhula ezansi komfula, kulinganiselwa ukuthi usayizi wemakethe we-silicon carbide structural ceramics uzofinyelela ku-29.6 billion yuan ngo-2025.
Ngokuzayo, ngokwenyuka kwezinga lokungena kwezimoto zamandla amasha, amandla, imboni, ukuxhumana neminye imikhakha, kanye nezidingo eziqinile eziqinile zokunemba okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqoka okuphezulu, nokuthembeka okuphezulu kwezakhi zemishini noma izingxenye ze-elekthronikhi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, usayizi wemakethe wemikhiqizo ye-silicon carbide ceramic kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokukhula, phakathi kwazo izimoto ezintsha zamandla kanye nama-photovoltaics okuyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuthuthukiswa.
Ama-ceramics e-silicon carbide asetshenziswa kuma-kilns e-ceramic ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini yokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nomlilo, nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo. Phakathi kwazo, ama-roller kilns asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukomisa, ukucwilisa, nokwelashwa kokushisa kwe-lithium-ion battery positive electrode materials, izinto ze-electrode negative, kanye nama-electrolyte. Izinto ze-electrode zebhethri ze-lithium ezinhle nezingezinhle zibalulekile ezimotweni zamandla amasha. Ifenisha ye-silicon carbide ceramic kiln iyingxenye ebalulekile yeziko, engathuthukisa umthamo wokukhiqiza iziko futhi inciphise kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla.
Imikhiqizo ye-silicon carbide ceramic nayo isetshenziswa kabanzi ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadivayisi e-SiC asetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-PCU (amayunithi okulawula amandla, njengasebhodini i-DC/DC) nama-OBC (amayunithi wokushaja) ezimoto zamandla amasha. Amadivayisi we-SiC anganciphisa isisindo kanye nevolumu yemishini ye-PCU, anciphise ukulahlekelwa kokushintsha, futhi athuthukise izinga lokushisa lokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwesistimu yamadivayisi; Kungenzeka futhi ukukhulisa izinga lamandla eyunithi, ukwenza kube lula ukwakheka kwesekhethi, ukuthuthukisa ukuminyana kwamandla, nokwandisa isivinini sokushaja ngesikhathi sokushaja kwe-OBC. Njengamanje, izinkampani eziningi zezimoto emhlabeni jikelele zisebenzisa i-silicon carbide kumamodeli amaningi, futhi ukwamukelwa ngezinga elikhulu kwe-silicon carbide sekuphenduke umkhuba.
Lapho i-silicon carbide ceramics isetshenziswa njengezinto zokuphatha eziyinhloko ekukhiqizeni amaseli e-photovoltaic, imikhiqizo ewumphumela efana nezisekelo zesikebhe, amabhokisi esikebhe, nokufakwa kwamapayipi kunokusimama okuhle kwe-thermal, ayiguquki lapho isetshenziswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi ayikhiqizi ukungcola okuyingozi. Bangakwazi ukufaka esikhundleni sezisekelo zesikebhe se-quartz ezivame ukusetshenziswa, amabhokisi ezikebhe, nokufakwa kwamapayipi, futhi zibe nezinzuzo ezinkulu zezindleko.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathemba emakethe wamadivayisi kagesi we-photovoltaic silicon carbide abanzi. Izinto ze-SiC zinokumelana okuphansi, ukushajwa kwesango, kanye nezici zokushaja ezihlehlayo zokutakula. Ukusebenzisa i-SiC Mosfet noma i-SiC Mosfet kuhlanganiswe neziguquli ze-SiC SBD ze-photovoltaic kungakhuphula ukusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa kusuka ku-96% kuya ngaphezu kwama-99%, kunciphise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla ngaphezu kuka-50%, futhi kwandise ukuphila komjikelezo wemishini izikhathi ezingu-50.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-silicon carbide ceramics kungalandelelwa emuva kuma-1890s, lapho i-silicon carbide yayisetshenziselwa kakhulu izinto zokugaya eziyimishini nezinto eziphikisayo. Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza, imikhiqizo ye-SiC yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu iye yathuthukiswa kabanzi, futhi amazwe emhlabeni jikelele anaka kakhulu ukwenziwa kwezimboni zezitsha zobumba ezithuthukile. Abasanelisi ukulungiswa kwezitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide. Amabhizinisi akhiqiza izitsha zobumba zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu athuthuka ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi emazweni athuthukile lapho lesi simo sibaluleke kakhulu. Abakhiqizi bangaphandle ikakhulukazi bahlanganisa iSaint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, njll.
Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-silicon carbide e-China kwakuphuzile uma kuqhathaniswa namazwe athuthukile afana neYurophu neMelika. Kusukela isithando somlilo sokuqala sezimboni sokukhiqiza i-SiC sakhiwa e-First Grinding Wheel Factory ngoJuni 1951, i-China yaqala ukukhiqiza i-silicon carbide. Abakhiqizi basekhaya be-silicon carbide ceramics bagxile kakhulu e-Weifang City, eSifundazweni SaseShandong. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amabhizinisi endawo asezimayini zamalahle abhekene nokuqothuka futhi afuna uguquko. Ezinye izinkampani zethule imishini efanele evela eJalimane ukuze ziqale ukucwaninga nokukhiqiza i-silicon carbide.I-ZPC ingomunye womkhiqizi omkhulu we-reaction sintered silicon carbide.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-09-2024