A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, silicon carbide fili semiconductors sun sami tartsatsi a cikin masana'antar. Duk da haka, a matsayin kayan aiki mai girma, silicon carbide shine kawai karamin sashi na na'urorin lantarki (diodes, na'urorin wuta). Hakanan ana iya amfani dashi azaman abrasives, kayan yankan, kayan tsari, kayan gani, masu ɗaukar hoto, da ƙari. A yau, galibi muna gabatar da tukwane na siliki carbide, waɗanda ke da fa'idodin kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya mai zafin jiki, juriya juriya, juriya na lalata, haɓakar yanayin zafi, ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar thermal, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi, da ƙarfin injina. Ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni kamar injinan sinadarai, makamashi da kariyar muhalli, semiconductor, ƙarfe, tsaro na ƙasa da masana'antar soja.
Silicon carbide (SiC)ya ƙunshi silicon da carbon, kuma shine nau'in tsari na nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i): α-SiC) da β-SiC (nau'in barga mai ƙananan zafin jiki). Akwai nau'ikan da yawa fiye da 200 a duka, waɗanda Sic Sich na β - Sic Sic, 4h Sic, da 15 ga SIC Wakilin.
Hoto SiC Multibody Structure
Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kasance ƙasa da 1600 ℃, SiC yana wanzuwa a cikin nau'in β-SiC kuma ana iya shirya shi daga cakuda silicon da carbon a kusan 1450 ℃. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya wuce 1600 ℃, β - SiC sannu a hankali yana canzawa zuwa polymorphs daban-daban na α - SiC. 4H SiC ana samun sauƙin samarwa a kusan 2000 ℃; Dukansu 6H da 15R polymorphs suna buƙatar yanayin zafi sama da 2100 ℃ don sauƙi samu; 6H SiC na iya zama karko har ma a yanayin zafi da ya wuce 2200 ℃, yana sa shi yadu amfani da aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
Silikon carbide mai tsafta ba shi da launi kuma kristal bayyananne, yayin da silicon carbide na masana'antu na iya zama mara launi, kodadde rawaya, kore mai haske, kore mai duhu, shuɗi mai haske, shuɗi mai duhu, ko ma baki, tare da raguwar matakan bayyana gaskiya. Masana'antar abrasive ta rarraba silicon carbide zuwa nau'ikan nau'ikan launi guda biyu: carbide silicon carbide na siliki da koren siliki. Silicon carbide mara launi zuwa duhu koren siliki an rarraba shi azaman silikon carbide kore, yayin da launin siliki mai haske zuwa baƙar fata silikon carbide an rarraba shi azaman siliki carbide baƙar fata. Black silicon carbide da kore silicon carbide duka alpha SiC hexagonal lu'ulu'u ne, kuma koren silicon carbide micro foda ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya azaman albarkatun ƙasa don tukwane na silicon carbide.
Ayyukan Silicon Carbide Ceramics Wanda Tsari Daban-daban Suka Shirya
Koyaya, yumbu na siliki carbide yana da lahani na ƙarancin karyewar ƙarfi da babban gatsewa. Sabili da haka, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, kayan yumbu masu haɗe-haɗe da suka dogara da yumbu na silicon carbide, irin su fiber (ko whisker) ƙarfafawa, ƙarfafa rarrabuwar barbashi daban-daban, da kayan aikin gradient, sun fito a jere, suna haɓaka tauri da ƙarfi na kayan mutum ɗaya.
A matsayin babban aiki na kayan yumbu mai zafi mai zafi, silicon carbide yumbu an ƙara yin amfani da su a cikin kilns masu zafi mai zafi, ƙarfe ƙarfe, petrochemicals, na'urorin lantarki, sararin samaniya, makamashi da kare muhalli, makamashin nukiliya, motoci da sauran filayen.
A shekarar 2022, ana sa ran girman kasuwar silin-carbide ceramics a kasar Sin zai kai yuan biliyan 18.2. Tare da ci gaba da fadada filayen aikace-aikacen da buƙatun ci gaban ƙasa, an kiyasta cewa girman kasuwa na ƙirar siliki na siliki zai kai yuan biliyan 29.6 nan da shekarar 2025.
A nan gaba, tare da karuwar shigar da sabbin motocin makamashi, makamashi, masana'antu, sadarwa da sauran fannoni, kazalika da ƙara tsauraran buƙatu don daidaiton ƙima, juriya mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen kayan aikin injin ko kayan lantarki a fannoni daban-daban, girman kasuwa na samfuran yumbura na silicon carbide ana tsammanin zai ci gaba da faɗaɗa, tsakanin waɗanda sabbin motocin makamashi da hotuna sune mahimman wuraren ci gaba.
Ana amfani da yumbu na siliki na carbide a cikin kilns na yumbu saboda kyawawan kaddarorin injin su na zafin jiki, juriyar wuta, da juriya na zafin zafi. Daga cikin su, ana amfani da na'urorin nadi musamman don bushewa, ɓacin rai, da kuma kula da zafin batirin lithium-ion ingantattun kayan lantarki, kayan lantarki mara kyau, da electrolytes. ingancin batirin lithium da kayan wuta mara kyau suna da mahimmanci ga sabbin motocin makamashi. Silicon carbide yumbun kayan daki shine mabuɗin kayan kilns, wanda zai iya haɓaka ƙarfin samar da kiln kuma yana rage yawan kuzari.
Silicon carbide yumbu kayayyakin kuma ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin daban-daban na mota sassa. Bugu da kari, ana amfani da na'urorin SiC a cikin PCUs (na'urorin sarrafa wutar lantarki, kamar su kan jirgin DC/DC) da OBCs (na'urorin caji) na sabbin motocin makamashi. Na'urorin SiC na iya rage nauyi da ƙarar kayan aikin PCU, rage hasara mai canzawa, da inganta yanayin aiki da ingantaccen tsarin na'urori; Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ƙara matakin ƙarfin naúrar, sauƙaƙe tsarin kewayawa, haɓaka ƙarfin wuta, da haɓaka saurin caji yayin cajin OBC. A halin yanzu, yawancin kamfanonin mota a duniya sun yi amfani da silicon carbide a cikin nau'i-nau'i masu yawa, kuma babban sikelin sikelin carbide ya zama wani yanayi.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da yumbu na silicon carbide azaman maɓalli mai ɗaukar kaya a cikin tsarin samar da sel na hotovoltaic, samfuran da aka samu kamar tallafin jirgin ruwa, akwatunan jirgin ruwa, da kayan aikin bututu suna da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na thermal, kada su lalata lokacin amfani da su a yanayin zafi mai yawa, kuma kada su haifar da gurɓataccen gurɓataccen abu. Za su iya maye gurbin goyan bayan kwale-kwalen quartz da aka saba amfani da su, akwatunan jirgin ruwa, da kayan aikin bututu, kuma suna da fa'idodin tsadar gaske.
Bugu da ƙari, kasuwa na kasuwa don na'urorin wutar lantarki na silicon carbide na photovoltaic suna da fadi. Kayayyakin SiC suna da ƙasa da juriya, cajin kofa, da jujjuya halayen cajin dawowa. Yin amfani da SiC Mosfet ko SiC Mosfet tare da SiC SBD photovoltaic inverters na iya ƙara yawan juzu'i daga 96% zuwa sama da 99%, rage asarar makamashi da fiye da 50%, da kuma ƙara yawan kayan aiki ta hanyar 50 sau.
Za'a iya samo asalin yumbu na siliki carbide tun a shekarun 1890, lokacin da aka fi amfani da silicon carbide don kayan niƙa na inji da kayan haɓaka. Tare da haɓaka fasahar samarwa, samfuran SiC na zamani sun haɓaka sosai, kuma ƙasashe a duniya suna mai da hankali sosai ga masana'antu na ci-gaba na yumbu. Ba su ƙara gamsuwa da shirye-shiryen tukwane na siliki carbide na gargajiya ba. Kamfanonin da ke samar da yumbu na zamani suna bunƙasa cikin sauri, musamman a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba inda wannan al'amari ya fi girma. Kasashen waje masana'antun sun hada da Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, da dai sauransu.
Ci gaban silicon carbide a kasar Sin ya yi latti idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Turai da Amurka. Tun lokacin da aka gina tanderun masana'antu na farko don kera SiC a masana'antar niƙa ta Farko a cikin Yuni 1951, Sin ta fara kera silicon carbide. Masu kera na gida na yumbun silikon carbide sun fi mayar da hankali ne a cikin garin Weifang, lardin Shandong. A cewar kwararru, hakan ya faru ne saboda kamfanonin hakar kwal na cikin gida suna fuskantar fatara da neman sauyi. Wasu kamfanoni sun gabatar da kayan aiki masu dacewa daga Jamus don fara bincike da samar da silicon carbide.ZPC shine ɗayan manyan masana'anta na amsa sintered silicon carbide.
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-09-2024