Mumakore achangopfuura, silicon carbide compound semiconductors yave ichinyanya kutariswa muindasitiri. Zvisinei, sezvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, silicon carbide ingori chikamu chidiki chezvishandiso zvemagetsi (diodes, zvishandiso zvemagetsi). Inogona zvakare kushandiswa seabrasives, zvinhu zvekucheka, zvinhu zvekuvaka, zvinhu zveoptical, catalyst carriers, nezvimwewo. Nhasi, tinonyanya kuunza silicon carbide ceramics, dzine zvakanakira zve chemical stability, high tembiricha resistance, wear resistance, corrosion, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, low density, uye high mechanical strength. Dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakaita se chemical mechanics, energy and environment protection, semiconductors, metallurgy, national defense and military industry.
Silicon carbide (SiC)ine silicon nekabhoni, uye imhando yechimiro chemhando dzakasiyana-siyana, kunyanya kusanganisira mafomu maviri ekristaro: α – SiC (mhando yakagadzikana yekupisa kwakanyanya) uye β – SiC (mhando yakagadzikana yekupisa yakaderera). Kune mhando dzakawanda dzinopfuura mazana maviri, pakati padzo 3C SiC yeβ – SiC uye 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, uye 15R SiC yeα – SiC inomiririra.
Mufananidzo weSiC Multibody Structure
Kana tembiricha iri pasi pe1600 ℃, SiC inovapo muchimiro cheβ-SiC uye inogona kugadzirwa kubva mumusanganiswa wesilicon nekabhoni uri nyore pa1450 ℃. Kana tembiricha ikadarika 1600 ℃, β-SiC inoshanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuita mapolymorph akasiyana-siyana eα-SiC. 4H SiC inogadzirwa zviri nyore pa2000 ℃; Mapolymorph ese ari maviri e6H ne15R anoda tembiricha yepamusoro iri pamusoro pe2100 ℃ kuti zvive nyore kuumbwa; 6H SiC inogona kuramba yakasimba kunyangwe patembiricha inopfuura 2200 ℃, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri.
Carbide yakachena yesilicon ikristaro isina ruvara uye inoonekera, nepo silicon carbide yeindasitiri inogona kusava neruvara, yero yakachenuruka, girini rakachenuruka, girini rakachenuruka, bhuruu rakachenuruka, bhuruu rakachenuruka, kana dema, nekuderera kwekujeka. Indasitiri yekukwenya inoisa silicon carbide mumapoka maviri zvichienderana neruvara: silicon carbide nhema uye silicon carbide yegirini. Silicon carbide isina ruvara kubva kugirini yakachenuruka inoiswa muchikamu chesilicon carbide yegirini, nepo silicon carbide yegirini kubva kugirini kusvika kugirini inonzi silicon carbide nhema. Silicon carbide nhema uye silicon carbide yegirini ese ari makristaro e alpha SiC hexagonal, uye silicon carbide yegirini micro powder inowanzo shandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira ceramics dzesilicon carbide.
Kushanda kweSilicon Carbide Ceramics Yakagadzirwa Nemaitiro Akasiyana
Zvisinei, zvigadziko zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide zvine dambudziko rekusasimba kwematombo uye kuputsika kwakanyanya. Saka, mumakore achangopfuura, zvigadziko zvesimbi zvakagadzirwa zvichibva pazvigadziko zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide, zvakaita sefiber (kana whisker) reinforcement, heterogeneous particle dispersion strength, uye gradient functional materials, zvakabuda zvakatevedzana, zvichivandudza kusimba kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Sezvinhu zveceramic zvine hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro, silicon carbide ceramics dzave dzichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumakilni ane tembiricha yepamusoro, simbi yesimbi, petrochemicals, michina yemagetsi, ndege, simba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, simba renyukireya, mota nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Muna 2022, hukuru hwemusika wesimbi dzesilicon carbide muChina hunotarisirwa kusvika mabhiriyoni gumi nemasere nemakumi maviri nemaviri emadhora. Nekuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzekushandisa uye kukura kuri kuda kuitwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti hukuru hwemusika wesimbi dzesilicon carbide huchasvika mabhiriyoni makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe nematanhatu emadhora panosvika gore ra2025.
Mune ramangwana, nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemotokari itsva dzemagetsi, simba, maindasitiri, kutaurirana nedzimwe nzvimbo, pamwe nekuwedzera kwezvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvemakanika kana zvemagetsi zvine hungwaru, zvinoramba kupfeka zvakanyanya, uye zvinovimbika zvakanyanya muminda yakasiyana-siyana, saizi yemusika yezvigadzirwa zve silicon carbide ceramic inotarisirwa kuramba ichikura, pakati pazvo mota itsva dzemagetsi uye photovoltaics inzvimbo dzakakosha dzekuvandudza.
Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide zvinoshandiswa mumaoven eceramic nekuda kwehunhu hwazvo hwakanaka hwemakanika anodziya zvakanyanya, kudzivirira moto, uye kudzivirira kupisa. Pakati pazvo, maoven eroller anonyanya kushandiswa pakuomesa, kupisa, uye kurapa kupisa kwezvinhu zve lithium-ion battery positive electrode, zvinhu zve electrode negative, uye electrolytes. Zvinhu zve lithium battery positive uye negative electrode zvakakosha pamotokari itsva dzesimba. Fenicha yesimbi yesilicon carbide ceramic kiln chinhu chakakosha mumaoven, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kugona kwekugadzira oven uye kuderedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwesimba.
Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide zvinoshandiswawo zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemotokari. Pamusoro pezvo, zvishandiso zveSiC zvinonyanya kushandiswa muPCUs (mayuniti ekudzora simba, akadai seDC/DC iri mubhodhi) uye OBCs (mayuniti ekuchaja) emotokari itsva dzine simba. Zvishandiso zveSiC zvinogona kuderedza huremu nehuwandu hwezvishandiso zvePCU, kuderedza kurasikirwa kweswitch, uye kuvandudza tembiricha yekushanda uye kushanda zvakanaka kwezvishandiso; Zvinokwanisikawo kuwedzera simba reyuniti, kurerutsa chimiro chedunhu, kuvandudza huwandu hwesimba, uye kuwedzera kumhanya kwekuchaja panguva yekuchaja kweOBC. Parizvino, makambani mazhinji emotokari pasi rese akashandisa silicon carbide mumamodheru akasiyana-siyana, uye kushandiswa kukuru kwesilicon carbide kwave tsika.
Kana zviumbwa zvesilicon carbide zvichishandiswa sezvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzira masero e photovoltaic, zvigadzirwa zvinobva muzvinhu zvakaita sezvitsigiro zvechikepe, mabhokisi echikepe, uye zvigadziko zvemapaipi zvine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, hazvikanganise kana zvichishandiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye hazviburitse kusvibisa kunokuvadza. Zvinogona kutsiva zvitsigiro zvechikepe zve quartz, mabhokisi echikepe, uye zvigadziko zvemapaipi, uye zvine zvakanakira mutengo wakakosha.
Pamusoro pezvo, mikana yemusika yemidziyo yemagetsi ye silicon carbide ine simba rakawanda. Zvinhu zveSiC zvine simba shoma rekudzivirira, gate charge, uye reverse recovery charge. Kushandisa SiC Mosfet kana SiC Mosfet pamwe chete neSiC SBD photovoltaic inverters kunogona kuwedzera kushanda kwekushandura kubva pa96% kusvika pamusoro pe99%, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwesimba neanopfuura 50%, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwemidziyo neka50.
Kugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesilicon carbide kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kusvika kuma1890, apo silicon carbide yainyanya kushandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu zvemakanika uye zvinhu zvinoramba kushanda. Nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira, zvigadzirwa zveSiC zvemhando yepamusoro zvave zvichibudirira zvakanyanya, uye nyika pasi rese dziri kutarisisa zvakanyanya kusimudzira simbi dzemhando yepamusoro. Havasisina kugutsikana nekugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesilicon carbide dzechinyakare. Makambani anogadzira simbi dzemhando yepamusoro ari kukura nekukurumidza, kunyanya munyika dzakabudirira uko chiitiko ichi chakakosha. Vagadziri vekunze vanosanganisira Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, nezvimwewo.
Kugadzirwa kwesilicon carbide muChina kwanonoka kana tichienzanisa nenyika dzakabudirira dzakadai seEurope neAmerica. Kubva pakavakwa choto chekutanga cheindasitiri chekugadzira SiC paFirst Grinding Wheel Factory muna Chikumi 1951, China yakatanga kugadzira silicon carbide. Vagadziri vemidziyo yesimbi yesilicon carbide mudzimba vari kunyanya kuWeifang City, Shandong Province. Sekureva kwenyanzvi, izvi zvinodaro nekuti makambani emigodhi yemarasha emuno ari kutarisana nekubhuroka uye ari kutsvaga shanduko. Mamwe makambani akaunza michina yakakodzera kubva kuGermany kuti vatange kutsvagisa nekugadzira silicon carbide.ZPC ndeimwe yemakambani makuru anogadzira reaction sintered silicon carbide.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-09-2024