Mu myaka ya vuba aha, semiconductors za silicon carbide zakunze kwitabwaho cyane mu nganda. Ariko, nk'ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro mwinshi, silicon carbide ni igice gito cy'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga (diode, ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi). Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo gukamura, ibikoresho byo gukata, ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, ibikoresho by'urumuri, ibikoresho bitwara catalyst, n'ibindi. Muri iki gihe, dushyira ahanini ceramics za silicon carbide, zifite ibyiza byo kudahinduka kwa shimi, kudahinduka kw'ubushyuhe bwinshi, kudashira, kudahinduka kwa corruption, ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe bwinshi, ingano nto y'ubushyuhe, ubucucike buke, n'imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike. Zikoreshwa cyane mu nzego nko mu mashini za shimi, kurengera ingufu n'ibidukikije, semiconductors, metallurgy, ingabo z'igihugu n'inganda za gisirikare.
Karubide ya silikoni (SiC)ikubiyemo silikoni na karuboni, kandi ni imiterere isanzwe y’ubwoko bwinshi, ahanini irimo imiterere ibiri ya kristu: α – SiC (ubwoko buhamye bw’ubushyuhe bwinshi) na β – SiC (ubwoko buhamye bw’ubushyuhe buke). Hari ubwoko bwinshi burenga 200, muri bwo harimo 3C SiC ya β – SiC na 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, na 15R SiC ya α – SiC ni byo bihagarariye.
Imiterere ya SiC Multibody
Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 1600 ℃, SiC iba mu ishusho ya β-SiC kandi ishobora gutegurwa mu buryo bworoshye bwa silikoni na karuboni hafi 1450 ℃. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 1600 ℃, β-SiC ihinduka buhoro buhoro muri polimorufe zitandukanye za α-SiC. 4H SiC ikorwa byoroshye hafi 2000 ℃; polimorufe za 6H na 15R zombi zikenera ubushyuhe bwinshi buri hejuru ya 2100 ℃ kugira ngo byorohe kuyirema; 6H SiC ishobora kuguma ihamye nubwo ubushyuhe burenga 2200 ℃, bigatuma ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda.
Karubide ya silikoni yuzuye ni kristu idafite ibara kandi ibonerana, mu gihe karubide ya silikoni yo mu nganda ishobora kuba idafite ibara, umuhondo werurutse, icyatsi kibisi cyoroshye, icyatsi kibisi cyijimye, ubururu bwerurutse, ubururu bwerurutse, ubururu bwerurutse, cyangwa umukara, hamwe n'urwego rwo kugaragara rugabanuka. Inganda zikora ibintu biremereye zishyira karubide ya silikoni mu byiciro bibiri hashingiwe ku ibara: karubide y'umukara ya silikoni na karubide y'icyatsi kibisi ya silikoni. Karubide ya silikoni idafite ibara kuva ku cyatsi kibisi yinjizwa mu cyiciro cya karubide y'icyatsi kibisi, mu gihe karubide y'ubururu bwerurutse kuva ku mukara ya silikoni yinjizwa mu cyiciro cya karubide y'umukara. Karubide y'umukara ya silikoni na karubide y'icyatsi kibisi byombi ni kristu ya alpha SiC hexagonal, kandi ifu ya silikoni ya silikoni ya micro ikoreshwa muri rusange nk'ibikoresho fatizo bya karubide ya silikoni.
Imikorere ya Ceramics ya Silicon Carbide itegurwa hifashishijwe inzira zitandukanye
Ariko, keramike ya silikoni ifite ingorane zo gukomera guke no kudacikagurika cyane. Kubwibyo, mu myaka ya vuba aha, keramike ishingiye kuri keramike ya silikoni, nko gushimangira fibre (cyangwa whisker), gushimangira uduce dutandukanye tw’uduce, hamwe n’ibikoresho bikora neza, byagiye bigaragara buhoro buhoro, binongera gukomera no gukomera kw’ibikoresho bya buri kimwe.
Nk'ibikoresho bya ceramic bifite imiterere myiza kandi bishyushye cyane, silicon carbide ceramics zagiye zikoreshwa cyane mu matanura ashyushye cyane, ibyuma bicukura ibyuma, peteroli, ikoranabuhanga rya mekanike, indege, kurinda ingufu n'ibidukikije, ingufu za kirimbuzi, imodoka n'ahandi.
Mu 2022, ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bya silikoni mu Bushinwa yitezwe kugera kuri miliyari 18.2 z’amayuani. Bitewe no kwaguka kw’ibikenewe mu bikorwa ndetse n’ibikenewe mu iterambere, biteganijwe ko ingano y’isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bya silikoni bizagera kuri miliyari 29.6 z’amayuani mu 2025.
Mu gihe kizaza, bitewe n’uko imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu, ingufu, inganda, itumanaho n’izindi nzego ziyongera, ndetse n’ibisabwa bikomeye kugira ngo habeho ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ridashobora kwangirika cyane, kandi rihamye cyane mu bice bitandukanye, ingano y’isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya silikoni karubide izakomeza kwaguka, muri byo imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu na photovoltaic ari ingenzi mu iterambere.
Ibumba rya silicon carbide rikoreshwa mu matanura ya ceramic bitewe n'ubushobozi bwaryo bwiza bwo gukora mu bushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya umuriro, no kurwanya ubushyuhe. Muri byo, amatanura ya roller akoreshwa cyane cyane mu kumisha, gutwika, no kuvura ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bya electrode ya lithium-ion, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, na electrolytes. Ibikoresho bya electrode ya lithium battery positive na negative ni ingenzi ku modoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Ibikoresho bya silicon carbide ceramic ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'amatanura, gishobora kunoza ubushobozi bwo gukora amatanura no kugabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.
Ibikoresho bya silika karubide bikoreshwa cyane mu bice bitandukanye by'imodoka. Byongeye kandi, ibikoresho bya SiC bikoreshwa cyane muri PCU (ibikoresho bigenzura ingufu, nka DC/DC iri mu bwato) na OBC (ibikoresho byo gusharija) by'imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu. Ibikoresho bya SiC bishobora kugabanya uburemere n'ingano y'ibikoresho bya PCU, kugabanya igihombo cyo guhindura, no kunoza ubushyuhe bw'imikorere n'imikorere myiza y'ibikoresho; Birashoboka kandi kongera urwego rw'ingufu z'ibikoresho, koroshya imiterere y'uruziga, kunoza ubucucike bw'ingufu, no kongera umuvuduko wo gusharija mu gihe cyo gusharija OBC. Muri iki gihe, amasosiyete menshi y'imodoka hirya no hino ku isi yakoresheje silika karubide mu buryo bwinshi, kandi gukoresha silika karubide ku rwego runini byabaye ikintu gishimishije.
Iyo ibumba rya silikoni carbide rikoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi byo gutwara mu gikorwa cyo gukora uturemangingo twa photovoltaic, ibicuruzwa bivamo nk'inkunga z'ubwato, amasanduku y'ubwato, n'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro bigira ubushyuhe bwiza, ntibihinduka iyo bikoreshejwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, kandi ntibitanga imyanda yangiza. Bishobora gusimbura ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa byo mu bwato bya quartz, amasanduku y'ubwato, n'ibikoresho by'imiyoboro, kandi bifite inyungu zikomeye ku giciro.
Byongeye kandi, amahirwe yo ku isoko ry’ibikoresho by’ingufu za silikoni zikoresha amashanyarazi ari manini. Ibikoresho bya SiC bifite ubushobozi buke bwo kwirinda, gusharija kw’irembo, n’imiterere yo gusubiza inyuma amashanyarazi. Gukoresha SiC Mosfet cyangwa SiC Mosfet hamwe na SiC SBD photovoltaic inverters bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo guhindura amashanyarazi kuva kuri 96% bikagera hejuru ya 99%, bikagabanya igihombo cy’ingufu kirenze 50%, kandi bikongera igihe cy’imikorere y’ibikoresho inshuro 50.
Gutunganya ibumba rya karubide rya silikoni bishobora gukurikirwa no mu myaka ya 1890, ubwo karubide ya silikoni yakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu bikoresho byo gusya no mu bikoresho birwanya ubukana. Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga mu gukora, ibicuruzwa bya SiC by'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse byatejwe imbere cyane, kandi ibihugu hirya no hino ku isi biri kwita cyane ku nganda za karubide zigezweho. Ntabwo bikinyurwa n'itegurwa rya karubide gakondo ya silikoni. Ibigo bikora ibumba rya karubide ry'ikoranabuhanga rihanitse birimo gutera imbere vuba, cyane cyane mu bihugu byateye imbere aho iki kintu gikomeye cyane. Inganda zikomoka mu mahanga zirimo cyane cyane Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, n'ibindi.
Iterambere rya karubide ya silikoni mu Bushinwa ryatinze ugereranije n'ibihugu byateye imbere nka Uburayi na Amerika. Kuva aho itanura rya mbere ry'inganda zo gukora SiC ryubatswe mu ruganda rwa mbere rwo gusya amapine muri Kamena 1951, Ubushinwa bwatangiye gukora karubide ya silikoni. Inganda zo mu gihugu zikora karubide ya silikoni zibarizwa cyane mu Mujyi wa Weifang, mu Ntara ya Shandong. Nk'uko abanyamwuga babivuga, ibi biterwa nuko ibigo byo mu gace bicukura amakara birimo guhura n'ikibazo cyo guhomba no gushaka impinduka. Hari ibigo byazanye ibikoresho bifatika bivuye mu Budage kugira ngo bitangire gukora ubushakashatsi no gukora karubide ya silikoni.ZPC ni imwe mu nganda nini zikora karubide ya silikoni ikora ibintu bitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-09-2024