Nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv silicon carbide compound semiconductors tau txais kev saib xyuas dav dav hauv kev lag luam. Txawm li cas los xij, ua cov khoom siv ua tau zoo, silicon carbide tsuas yog ib feem me me ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (diodes, cov khoom siv fais fab). Nws kuj tseem siv tau ua cov khoom siv abrasives, cov ntaub ntawv txiav, cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho, cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag, cov khoom siv catalyst, thiab ntau ntxiv. Niaj hnub no, peb feem ntau qhia txog silicon carbide ceramics, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ruaj khov tshuaj lom neeg, kev tiv thaiv kub siab, kev hnav tsis kam, kev tiv thaiv corrosion, kev ua haujlwm thermal siab, coefficient nthuav dav thermal qis, qhov ceev qis, thiab lub zog kho tshuab siab. Lawv tau siv dav hauv cov teb xws li tshuab tshuaj lom neeg, lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, semiconductors, metallurgy, kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws thiab kev lag luam tub rog.
Silicon carbide (SiC)muaj silicon thiab carbon, thiab yog ib hom tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke ntau hom, feem ntau suav nrog ob hom siv lead ua: α - SiC (hom ruaj khov kub) thiab β - SiC (hom ruaj khov kub qis). Muaj ntau tshaj 200 hom tag nrho, ntawm cov uas 3C SiC ntawm β - SiC thiab 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, thiab 15R SiC ntawm α - SiC yog cov sawv cev.
Daim Duab SiC Multibody Structure
Thaum qhov kub qis dua 1600 ℃, SiC muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm β - SiC thiab tuaj yeem npaj los ntawm kev sib xyaw yooj yim ntawm silicon thiab carbon ntawm ib puag ncig 1450 ℃. Thaum qhov kub tshaj 1600 ℃, β - SiC maj mam hloov mus rau hauv ntau yam polymorphs ntawm α - SiC. 4H SiC yooj yim tsim ntawm ib puag ncig 2000 ℃; Ob qho tib si 6H thiab 15R polymorphs xav tau qhov kub siab tshaj 2100 ℃ rau kev tsim yooj yim; 6H SiC tuaj yeem ruaj khov heev txawm tias qhov kub tshaj 2200 ℃, ua rau nws siv dav hauv kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
Silicon carbide ntshiab yog cov siv lead ua tsis muaj xim thiab pob tshab, thaum cov silicon carbide kev lag luam tuaj yeem tsis muaj xim, daj ntseg, ntsuab daj, ntsuab tsaus, xiav daj, xiav tsaus, lossis txawm tias dub, nrog rau qib pob tshab qis dua. Kev lag luam abrasive faib silicon carbide ua ob hom raws li xim: silicon carbide dub thiab silicon carbide ntsuab. Silicon carbide tsis muaj xim mus rau ntsuab tsaus yog muab faib ua silicon carbide ntsuab, thaum silicon carbide xiav daj mus rau dub yog muab faib ua silicon carbide dub. Silicon carbide dub thiab silicon carbide ntsuab yog ob qho tib si alpha SiC hexagonal siv lead ua, thiab silicon carbide hmoov ntsuab feem ntau yog siv ua cov khoom siv raw rau silicon carbide ceramics.
Kev Ua Tau Zoo ntawm Silicon Carbide Ceramics Npaj Los Ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Sib Txawv
Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv silicon carbide ceramics muaj qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov tawg qis thiab qhov brittleness siab. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke raws li silicon carbide ceramics, xws li fiber (lossis whisker) reinforcement, heterogeneous particle dispersion strengthening, thiab gradient functional materials, tau tshwm sim ua ntu zus, txhim kho qhov tawv thiab lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv ib leeg.
Raws li cov khoom siv ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic kub siab, silicon carbide ceramics tau siv ntau dua hauv cov qhov cub kub siab, hlau metallurgy, petrochemicals, mechanical electronics, aerospace, lub zog thiab kev tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, nuclear zog, tsheb thiab lwm yam teb.
Xyoo 2022, qhov loj ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm silicon carbide structural ceramics hauv Suav teb yuav ncav cuag 18.2 billion yuan. Nrog kev nthuav dav ntxiv ntawm cov teb thov thiab cov kev xav tau kev loj hlob ntawm cov khoom lag luam, kwv yees tias qhov loj ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm silicon carbide structural ceramics yuav ncav cuag 29.6 billion yuan los ntawm xyoo 2025.
Yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev nce ntxiv ntawm cov tsheb fais fab tshiab, lub zog, kev lag luam, kev sib txuas lus thiab lwm yam, nrog rau cov kev cai nruj dua rau kev ua haujlwm siab, kev tiv thaiv kev hnav siab, thiab kev ntseeg siab siab rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab lossis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv ntau qhov chaw, qhov loj ntawm kev ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv silicon carbide ceramic yuav tsum txuas ntxiv nthuav dav, ntawm cov tsheb fais fab tshiab thiab photovoltaics yog cov chaw tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho.
Cov khoom siv ua los ntawm silicon carbide ceramics yog siv rau hauv cov qhov cub ua los ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic vim lawv cov khoom siv kho tshuab kub zoo heev, tiv taus hluav taws, thiab tiv taus kev poob siab thermal. Ntawm lawv, cov qhov cub roller feem ntau yog siv rau kev ziab, sintering, thiab kev kho cua sov ntawm cov khoom siv electrode zoo ntawm lithium-ion roj teeb, cov khoom siv electrode tsis zoo, thiab electrolytes. Cov khoom siv electrode zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm roj teeb lithium yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov tsheb fais fab tshiab. Cov rooj tog zaum hauv qhov cub silicon carbide ceramic yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov qhov cub, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho lub peev xwm tsim khoom ntawm qhov cub thiab txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob.
Cov khoom siv ceramic silicon carbide kuj siv dav hauv ntau yam khoom siv hauv tsheb. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom siv SiC feem ntau yog siv rau hauv PCUs (cov chaw tswj fais fab, xws li on-board DC / DC) thiab OBCs (cov chaw them) ntawm cov tsheb fais fab tshiab. Cov khoom siv SiC tuaj yeem txo qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv PCU, txo qhov poob ntawm qhov hloov pauv, thiab txhim kho qhov kub ua haujlwm thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov khoom siv; Nws tseem ua tau kom nce qib zog ntawm chav tsev, ua kom yooj yim rau cov qauv ntawm lub voj voog, txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm lub zog, thiab nce qhov ceev ntawm kev them thaum lub sijhawm them OBC. Tam sim no, ntau lub tuam txhab tsheb thoob ntiaj teb tau siv silicon carbide hauv ntau tus qauv, thiab kev siv silicon carbide ntau heev tau dhau los ua ib qho kev hloov pauv.
Thaum silicon carbide ceramics siv ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem tsim cov photovoltaic cell, cov khoom tshwm sim xws li kev txhawb nqa nkoj, lub thawv nkoj, thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings muaj kev ruaj khov thermal zoo, tsis deform thaum siv ntawm qhov kub siab, thiab tsis tsim cov pa phem. Lawv tuaj yeem hloov cov kev txhawb nqa nkoj quartz feem ntau, lub thawv nkoj, thiab cov yeeb nkab fittings, thiab muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm tus nqi.
Ntxiv mus, kev cia siab ua lag luam rau cov khoom siv fais fab photovoltaic silicon carbide yog dav. Cov ntaub ntawv SiC muaj qis dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv, lub rooj vag them, thiab cov yam ntxwv rov qab them rov qab. Kev siv SiC Mosfet lossis SiC Mosfet ua ke nrog SiC SBD photovoltaic inverters tuaj yeem ua rau kev hloov pauv zoo dua los ntawm 96% mus rau ntau dua 99%, txo qhov poob zog ntau dua 50%, thiab ua rau lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv ntev dua 50 npaug.
Kev tsim cov khoom siv silicon carbide ceramics tuaj yeem taug qab rov qab mus rau xyoo 1890, thaum silicon carbide feem ntau yog siv rau cov khoom siv sib tsoo thiab cov khoom siv refractory. Nrog rau kev txhim kho ntawm cov thev naus laus zis ntau lawm, cov khoom siv SiC siab heev tau tsim dav, thiab cov tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb tau them sai dua rau kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev. Lawv tsis txaus siab rau kev npaj cov khoom siv silicon carbide ceramics ib txwm muaj. Cov lag luam tsim cov khoom siv ceramic siab heev tab tom txhim kho sai dua, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tebchaws tsim kho uas qhov xwm txheej no tseem ceeb dua. Cov chaw tsim khoom txawv teb chaws feem ntau suav nrog Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Nyiv Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Nyiv Tshwj Xeeb Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, thiab lwm yam.
Kev tsim cov silicon carbide hauv Suav teb lig dua li cov tebchaws tsim kho xws li Tebchaws Europe thiab Asmeskas. Txij li thaum lub cub tawg thawj zaug rau kev tsim SiC tau tsim ntawm Lub Hoobkas Sib Tsoo Thawj Zaug thaum Lub Rau Hli 1951, Suav teb tau pib tsim cov silicon carbide. Cov chaw tsim khoom hauv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv silicon carbide ceramics feem ntau yog nyob hauv Weifang City, Shandong xeev. Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, qhov no yog vim tias cov tuam txhab mining thee hauv zos tab tom ntsib kev lag luam poob qis thiab nrhiav kev hloov pauv. Qee lub tuam txhab tau qhia cov khoom siv tseem ceeb los ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemees los pib tshawb fawb thiab tsim cov silicon carbide.ZPC yog ib lub chaw tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sintered silicon carbide.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-09-2024