I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa i nā semiconductors hui silicon carbide ka nānā nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana. Eia nō naʻe, ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻekiʻe, he ʻāpana liʻiliʻi wale nō ka silicon carbide o nā mea uila (diodes, nā mea mana). Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he abrasives, nā mea ʻokiʻoki, nā mea kūkulu, nā mea optical, nā mea lawe catalyst, a me nā mea hou aku. I kēia lā, ke hoʻolauna nui nei mākou i nā keramika silicon carbide, nona nā pono o ke kūpaʻa kemika, ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa ʻaʻahu, ke kūpaʻa corrosion, ke alakaʻi wela kiʻekiʻe, ka coefficient hoʻonui wela haʻahaʻa, ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a me ka ikaika mechanical kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohana nui ʻia lākou i nā kahua e like me nā mīkini kemika, ka ikehu a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, nā semiconductors, ka metallurgy, ka pale aupuni a me ka ʻoihana koa.
Kalaka silika (SiC)Loaʻa iā ia ka silicon a me ke kalapona, a he hui hoʻonohonoho ʻano multi maʻamau, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻelua mau ʻano kristal: α - SiC (ʻano paʻa wela kiʻekiʻe) a me β - SiC (ʻano paʻa wela haʻahaʻa). Aia ma mua o 200 mau ʻano multi i ka huina, ma waena o ia mau mea ʻo 3C SiC o β - SiC a me 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, a me 15R SiC o α - SiC e hōʻike ana.
Kiʻi SiC Multibody Structure
Ke emi ka mahana ma lalo o 1600 ℃, aia ʻo SiC ma ke ʻano o β - SiC a hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia mai kahi hui maʻalahi o ka silicon a me ke kalapona ma kahi o 1450 ℃. Ke ʻoi aku ka mahana ma mua o 1600 ℃, loli mālie ʻo β - SiC i nā polymorphs like ʻole o α - SiC. Hoʻopuka maʻalahi ʻia ka 4H SiC ma kahi o 2000 ℃; Pono nā polymorphs 6H a me 15R i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma luna o 2100 ℃ no ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻokumu ʻana; Hiki i ka 6H SiC ke noho paʻa loa i nā mahana ma mua o 2200 ℃, e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā noi ʻoihana.
He kristal moakaka a ʻole ke kala o ka silicon carbide maʻemaʻe, ʻoiai hiki i ka silicon carbide ʻoihana ke ʻano ʻole ke kala, melemele māmā, ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele, uliuli māmā, uliuli ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele paha, me ka emi ʻana o nā pae moakaka. Hoʻokaʻawale ka ʻoihana abrasive i ka silicon carbide i ʻelua ʻano ma muli o ke kala: silicon carbide ʻeleʻele a me ka silicon carbide ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka silicon carbide kala ʻole a ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻeleʻele he silicon carbide ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoiai ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka uliuli māmā a i ka silicon carbide ʻeleʻele he silicon carbide ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka silicon carbide ʻeleʻele a me ka silicon carbide ʻōmaʻomaʻo he mau kristal hexagonal alpha SiC, a hoʻohana nui ʻia ka pauka micro silicon carbide ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma ke ʻano he mea maka no nā keramika silicon carbide.
Hana o nā keramika Silicon Carbide i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e nā kaʻina hana like ʻole
Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā keramika silicon carbide he hemahema o ka paʻakikī haʻihaʻi haʻahaʻa a me ka brittleness kiʻekiʻe. No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua puka mai nā keramika hui pū ʻia e pili ana i nā keramika silicon carbide, e like me ka hoʻoikaika fiber (a i ʻole whisker), ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā ʻāpana heterogeneous, a me nā mea hana gradient, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka paʻakikī a me ka ikaika o nā mea pākahi.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana kiʻekiʻe o ka seramika hoʻolālā hana kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā seramika silicon carbide i nā umu wela kiʻekiʻe, ka metallurgy kila, ka petrochemicals, nā mea uila mechanical, aerospace, ka ikehu a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni, ka ikehu nukelea, nā kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
I ka makahiki 2022, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka nui o ka mākeke o nā keramika kūkulu silicon carbide ma Kina i 18.2 biliona yuan. Me ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o nā kahua noi a me nā pono ulu ma hope, ua manaʻo ʻia e hiki aku ka nui o ka mākeke o nā keramika kūkulu silicon carbide i 29.6 biliona yuan ma ka makahiki 2025.
I ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ke komo ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ka ikehu, ka ʻoihana, ke kamaʻilio ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, a me nā koi koʻikoʻi no ka pololei kiʻekiʻe, ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻahu, a me nā ʻāpana mīkini hilinaʻi kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā ʻāpana uila ma nā ʻano like ʻole, e manaʻo ʻia ka nui o ka mākeke o nā huahana seramika silicon carbide e hoʻomau i ka hoʻonui ʻia, ma waena o ia mau mea he mau wahi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi nā kaʻa ikehu hou a me nā photovoltaics.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā keramika silikona carbide i loko o nā umu keramika ma muli o ko lākou mau waiwai mīkini wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa, ke kūpaʻa ahi, a me ke kūpaʻa haʻalulu wela. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā umu wili no ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana, ka sintering, a me ka mālama wela ʻana i nā mea electrode maikaʻi o ka pā lithium-ion, nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a me nā electrolytes. He mea nui nā mea electrode maikaʻi a me nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole o ka pā lithium no nā kaʻa ikehu hou. ʻO nā lako umu keramika silikona carbide kahi ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o nā umu, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hiki ke hana i ka umu a hōʻemi nui i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana keramika silikona carbide i nā ʻāpana kaʻa like ʻole. Eia kekahi, hoʻohana nui ʻia nā mea SiC i nā PCU (nā ʻāpana mana mana, e like me ka DC/DC ma luna o ka moku) a me nā OBC (nā ʻāpana hoʻouka) o nā kaʻa ikehu hou. Hiki i nā mea SiC ke hōʻemi i ke kaumaha a me ka nui o nā lako PCU, hoʻemi i nā pohō kuapo, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mahana hana a me ka pono o ka ʻōnaehana o nā mea hana; Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻonui i ka pae mana o ka ʻāpana, hoʻomaʻalahi i ke ʻano kaapuni, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka nui o ka mana, a hoʻonui i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻouka ʻana i ka wā o ka hoʻouka ʻana o OBC. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻohana nā ʻoihana kaʻa he nui a puni ka honua i ka silicon carbide i nā hiʻohiʻona he nui, a ua lilo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o ka silicon carbide i mea maʻamau.
Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā keramika silicon carbide ma ke ʻano he mea lawe koʻikoʻi i ke kaʻina hana o nā cell photovoltaic, ʻo nā huahana i loaʻa e like me ke kākoʻo waʻa, nā pahu waʻa, a me nā mea hoʻopili paipu he kūpaʻa maikaʻi ko lākou, ʻaʻole e hoʻololi i ke ʻano i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hana i nā mea haumia ʻino. Hiki iā lākou ke pani i nā kākoʻo waʻa quartz i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia, nā pahu waʻa, a me nā mea hoʻopili paipu, a he mau pono kumukūʻai koʻikoʻi ko lākou.
Eia kekahi, ākea nā manaʻolana mākeke no nā mea mana silicon carbide photovoltaic. ʻOi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ke kū'ē ʻana, ka uku puka, a me nā ʻano uku hoʻihoʻi hoʻihoʻi o nā mea SiC. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka SiC Mosfet a i ʻole SiC Mosfet i hui pū ʻia me nā inverters photovoltaic SiC SBD hiki ke hoʻonui i ka pono hoʻololi mai 96% a ʻoi aku ma mua o 99%, e hōʻemi i ka nalowale ikehu ma mua o 50%, a hoʻonui i ke ola pōʻaiapuni o nā lako ma 50 mau manawa.
Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā keramika silicon carbide i nā makahiki 1890, i ka wā i hoʻohana nui ʻia ai ka silicon carbide no nā mea wili mīkini a me nā mea refractory. Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia nā huahana SiC ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, a ke nānā nui nei nā ʻāina a puni ka honua i ka ʻoihana ʻana o nā keramika holomua. ʻAʻole lākou i māʻona hou i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā keramika silicon carbide kuʻuna. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ʻoihana e hana ana i nā keramika ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia kahi i ʻoi aku ai ka nui o kēia hanana. ʻO nā mea hana haole ʻo Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, etc.
Ua lohi iki ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka silicon carbide ma Kina i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻāina i hoʻomohala ʻia e like me ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika. Mai ka wā i kūkulu ʻia ai ka umu ʻoihana mua no ka hana ʻana i ka SiC ma ka Hale Hana Huila Wili Mua i Iune 1951, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kina e hana i ka silicon carbide. ʻO nā mea hana kūloko o nā keramika silicon carbide e kau nui ʻia ana ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Weifang, ma ka moku ʻo Shandong. Wahi a nā poʻe loea, ʻo kēia no ka mea ke kū nei nā ʻoihana hana lanahu kūloko i ka panakalupa a ke ʻimi nei i ka hoʻololi. Ua hoʻolauna kekahi mau ʻoihana i nā lako kūpono mai Kelemania e hoʻomaka i ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana i ka silicon carbide.ʻO ZPC kekahi o nā mea hana nui loa o ka hopena sintered silicon carbide.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-09-2024