I ngā tau tata nei, kua whānuitia te aro ki ngā matū haurua-ā-irahiko matū silicon carbide i roto i te umanga. Heoi, hei rauemi mahi-teitei, he wāhanga iti noa iho o ngā taputapu hiko (ngā diode, ngā taputapu hiko) te silicon carbide. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei mea whakakoi, hei rauemi tapahi, hei rauemi hanganga, hei rauemi whatu, hei kawe whakakorikori, me ētahi atu. I tēnei rā, ko te nuinga o ā mātou mahi he whakarewa silicon carbide, he pai mō te pumau matū, te ātete pāmahana teitei, te ātete kakahu, te ātete waikura, te kawe wera teitei, te tauwehenga whānui wera iti, te iti o te kiato, me te kaha miihini teitei. He whānuitia te whakamahinga i roto i ngā mara pēnei i te mīhini matū, te tiaki pūngao me te taiao, ngā haurua-ā-irahiko, te whakarewa, te tiaki whenua me te umanga hōia.
Karāhe hiraka (SiC)Kei roto ko te silicon me te waro, ā, he matū hanganga maha-momo noa iho, ko te nuinga kei roto ko ngā momo tioata e rua: α – SiC (momo pumau pāmahana-teitei) me te β – SiC (momo pumau pāmahana-iti). Neke atu i te 200 ngā momo maha katoa, ko te 3C SiC o te β – SiC me te 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, me te 15R SiC o te α – SiC ngā mea e tohu ana.
Hanganga Tinana Maha o te Pikitia SiC
Ina kei raro iho te pāmahana i te 1600 ℃, ka noho te SiC i te āhua o te β – SiC, ā, ka taea te hanga mai i tētahi ranunga māmā o te silicon me te waro i te 1450 ℃. Ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 1600 ℃, ka āta huri te β – SiC hei momo āhua rerekē o te α – SiC. Ka taea te whakaputa ngāwari i te 4H SiC i te 2000 ℃; me nui ake te pāmahana o ngā āhua rerekē o te 6H me te 15R i runga ake i te 2100 ℃ kia ngāwari ai te hanga; ka taea e te 6H SiC te noho pumau ahakoa i ngā pāmahana neke atu i te 2200 ℃, ā, ka whakamahia whānuitia i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi.
He tioata mārama, kore tae te karawiti silicon parakore, engari ko te karawiti silicon ahumahi he kore tae, he kōwhai mā, he kakariki mārama, he kakariki pouri, he kikorangi mārama, he kikorangi pouri, he pango rānei, engari ka heke te māramatanga. E rua ngā momo o te ahumahi whakakoi karawiti silicon i runga i te tae: te karawiti silicon pango me te karawiti silicon matomato. Ko te karawiti silicon kore tae ki te kakariki pouri ka whakarōpūtia hei karawiti silicon matomato, ko te karawiti silicon kikorangi mārama ki te pango ka whakarōpūtia hei karawiti silicon mangu. Ko te karawiti silicon pango me te karawiti silicon matomato he tioata ā-ira SiC hexagonal, ā, ko te paura moroiti karawiti silicon matomato te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana hei rauemi mata mō ngā uku karawiti silicon.
Te Mahi a ngā Ukume Silicon Carbide i Whakaritea mā ngā Tukanga Rerekē
Heoi, ko te ngoikoretanga o ngā uku silicon carbide he iti te pakari o te pakaru me te pakarukaru nui. Nō reira, i ngā tau tata nei, kua puta ake ngā uku hiato i runga i ngā uku silicon carbide, pērā i te whakakaha muka (te whakakaha ūkui rānei), te whakakaha marara matūriki kanorau, me ngā rauemi mahi gradient, e whakapai ake ana i te pakari me te kaha o ngā rauemi takitahi.
Hei rauemi uku hanganga pāmahana-teitei, kua piki haere te whakamahinga o ngā uku silicon carbide i roto i ngā oumu pāmahana-teitei, te whakarewa maitai, ngā matū hinu, ngā hikohiko miihini, te rererangi, te tiaki pūngao me te taiao, te pūngao karihi, ngā motuka me ētahi atu mara.
I te tau 2022, e matapaetia ana ka eke te rahi o te mākete o ngā uku hanganga silicon carbide i Haina ki te 18.2 piriona yuan. Mā te whānui haere o ngā mara tono me ngā hiahia tipu haere, e matapaetia ana ka eke te rahi o te mākete o ngā uku hanganga silicon carbide ki te 29.6 piriona yuan i te tau 2025.
I te heke mai, me te piki haere o te tere urunga o ngā waka hiko hou, te hiko, te ahumahi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me ētahi atu mara, me te piki haere o ngā whakaritenga mō ngā wāhanga miihini, ngā wāhanga hiko rānei, he tino tika, he ātete ki te kakahu, he tino pono hoki i roto i ngā mara rerekē, e matapaetia ana ka haere tonu te whānui o te rahi o te mākete o ngā hua uku silicon carbide, ā, i roto i ēnei ko ngā waka hiko hou me ngā photovoltaics he wāhi whanaketanga nui.
E whakamahia ana ngā uku karawiti silicon i roto i ngā oumu uku nā te mea he tino pai ngā āhuatanga miihini pāmahana teitei, he ātete ahi, he ātete hoki ki ngā ru wera. I roto i ēnei, ko ngā oumu roera te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te whakamaroke, te whakawera, me te whakamahana i ngā rauemi hiko pai o te pākahiko lithium-ion, ngā rauemi hiko kino, me ngā irahiko. He mea nui ngā rauemi hiko pai me te kino o te pākahiko lithium mō ngā waka hiko hou. Ko ngā taonga oumu uku karawiti silicon he wāhanga matua o ngā oumu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha whakaputa oumu me te whakaiti nui i te whakapaunga hiko.
He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā hua uku silicon carbide i roto i ngā momo wāhanga motuka. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā taputapu SiC te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā PCU (ngā wae whakahaere mana, pērā i te DC/DC i runga i te papa) me ngā OBC (ngā wae utu) o ngā waka hiko hou. Ka taea e ngā taputapu SiC te whakaiti i te taumaha me te rōrahi o ngā taputapu PCU, te whakaiti i ngā ngaronga pana, me te whakapai ake i te pāmahana mahi me te whai huatanga o te pūnaha o ngā taputapu; Ka taea hoki te whakanui ake i te taumata mana o te wae, te whakangawari i te hanganga ara iahiko, te whakapai ake i te kiato mana, me te whakanui ake i te tere utu i te wā e utu ana te OBC. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā kamupene motuka huri noa i te ao kua whakamahi i te silicon carbide i roto i ngā tauira maha, ā, kua noho te whakamahinga nui o te silicon carbide hei momo auaha.
Ina whakamahia ngā uku silicon carbide hei rauemi kawe matua i roto i te tukanga whakaputa pūtau photovoltaic, he pai te pumau o ngā hua e puta mai ana pērā i ngā tautoko poti, ngā pouaka poti, me ngā hononga paipa, kāore e rerekē te āhua ina whakamahia i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore hoki e whakaputa i ngā poke kino. Ka taea e rātou te whakakapi i ngā tautoko poti quartz, ngā pouaka poti, me ngā hononga paipa e whakamahia whānuitia ana, ā, he nui ngā painga utu.
Hei tāpiritanga, he whānui ngā tūmanakohanga mākete mō ngā taputapu hiko silicon carbide photovoltaic. He iti ake ngā āhuatanga ātete, utu kuaha, me te utu whakaora whakamuri o ngā rauemi SiC. Mā te whakamahi i te SiC Mosfet, te SiC Mosfet rānei me ngā kaitahuri photovoltaic SiC SBD ka taea te whakanui ake i te pai o te tahuritanga mai i te 96% ki te neke atu i te 99%, te whakaiti i te ngaronga pūngao neke atu i te 50%, me te whakanui ake i te roanga o te huringa taputapu mā te 50 ngā wā.
Ka taea te whai i te hanganga o ngā uku silicon carbide ki te tekau tau atu i 1890, i te wā i whakamahia ai te silicon carbide mō ngā rauemi huri miihini me ngā rauemi ātete-wera. Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau whakaputa, kua whānuitia te whanaketanga o ngā hua SiC hangarau teitei, ā, kei te aro nui atu ngā whenua o te ao ki te ahumahi o ngā uku matatau. Kāore rātou i te makona ki te whakarite i ngā uku silicon carbide tuku iho. Kei te tere haere te whanaketanga o ngā umanga e hanga ana i ngā uku hangarau teitei, inā koa i ngā whenua whakawhanake e nui ake ana te hiranga o tēnei āhuatanga. Ko ngā kaihanga o tāwāhi ko Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, me ētahi atu.
I tōmuri te whanaketanga o te waro hiko i Haina ki te whakataurite ki ngā whenua whakawhanake pērā i a Ūropi me Amerika. Mai i te hanganga o te oumu ahumahi tuatahi mō te hanga SiC i te Wheketere Wira Huri Tuatahi i te marama o Hune 1951, ka tīmata a Haina ki te hanga waro hiko. Ko ngā kaihanga ā-rohe o ngā uku waro hiko kei te nuinga o te wā e noho ana ki te Tāone o Weifang, Porowini o Shandong. E ai ki ngā tohunga, nā te mea kei te tūpono ngā umanga keri waro ā-rohe ki te pakaru me te rapu i te huringa. Kua whakauruhia e ētahi kamupene ngā taputapu e tika ana mai i Tiamana hei tīmata rangahau me te hanga waro hiko.Ko ZPC tētahi o ngā kaihanga nui rawa atu o te tauhohenga sintered silicon carbide.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi-09-2024