M'zaka zaposachedwa, ma semiconductor a silicon carbide compound atchuka kwambiri mumakampani. Komabe, monga chinthu chogwira ntchito bwino, silicon carbide ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la zida zamagetsi (ma diode, zida zamagetsi). Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zokometsera, zida zodulira, zida zomangira, zida zowunikira, zonyamula zotengera, ndi zina zambiri. Masiku ano, timayambitsa makamaka ma ceramics a silicon carbide, omwe ali ndi ubwino wokhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuvala, kukana dzimbiri, kutentha kwambiri, kuchulukitsa kutentha pang'ono, kupsinjika kochepa, komanso mphamvu yayikulu yamakina. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo monga makina a mankhwala, kuteteza mphamvu ndi chilengedwe, ma semiconductor, zitsulo, chitetezo cha dziko ndi mafakitale ankhondo.
Silikoni kabide (SiC)Ili ndi silicon ndi kaboni, ndipo ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino cha kapangidwe ka mitundu yambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya makristalo: α – SiC (mtundu wokhazikika kutentha kwambiri) ndi β – SiC (mtundu wokhazikika kutentha kochepa). Pali mitundu yambiri yoposa 200, pakati pawo 3C SiC ya β – SiC ndi 2H SiC, 4H SiC, 6H SiC, ndi 15R SiC ya α – SiC ndi omwe akuyimira.
Kapangidwe ka SiC Multibody
Kutentha kukafika pansi pa 1600 ℃, SiC imakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a β – SiC ndipo imatha kupangidwa kuchokera ku chisakanizo chosavuta cha silicon ndi carbon pafupifupi 1450 ℃. Kutentha kukafika pamwamba pa 1600 ℃, β – SiC pang'onopang'ono imasintha kukhala ma polymorph osiyanasiyana a α – SiC. 4H SiC imapangidwa mosavuta pafupifupi 2000 ℃; Ma polymorph onse a 6H ndi 15R amafunika kutentha kwambiri kuposa 2100 ℃ kuti apange mosavuta; 6H SiC imatha kukhala yokhazikika ngakhale kutentha kukafika pamwamba pa 2200 ℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale.
Carbide ya silicon yoyera ndi kristalo yopanda mtundu komanso yowonekera bwino, pomwe carbide ya silicon yamakampani ikhoza kukhala yopanda mtundu, yachikasu chopepuka, yobiriwira pang'ono, yobiriwira kwambiri, yabuluu wopepuka, buluu wakuda, kapena wakuda, ndi milingo yowonekera pang'ono. Makampani opanga zinthu zopepuka amagawa silicon carbide m'magulu awiri kutengera mtundu: carbide yakuda ya silicon ndi carbide yobiriwira ya silicon. Carbide ya silicon yopanda mtundu mpaka yobiriwira imagawidwa ngati silicon carbide yobiriwira, pomwe carbide yabuluu mpaka yakuda imagawidwa ngati silicon carbide yakuda. Carbide yakuda ya silicon ndi carbide yobiriwira ya alpha SiC hexagonal crystals, ndipo ufa wa silicon carbide wobiriwira nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira za ceramics za silicon carbide.
Kugwira Ntchito kwa Silicon Carbide Ceramics Yokonzedwa ndi Njira Zosiyanasiyana
Komabe, zoumba za silicon carbide zili ndi vuto la kulimba kochepa kwa fracture ndi kufooka kwakukulu. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zaposachedwa, zoumba za silicon carbide zopangidwa ndi zoumba za silicon carbide, monga fiber (kapena whisker) reinforcement, heterogeneous particle dispersion strength, ndi gradient functional materials, zatuluka motsatizana, zomwe zawonjezera kulimba ndi mphamvu ya zinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Monga chinthu chopangidwa ndi ceramic chomwe chimagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, ma silicon carbide ceramics akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu uvuni wotentha kwambiri, zitsulo zachitsulo, petrochemicals, zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndege, mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mphamvu za nyukiliya, magalimoto ndi madera ena.
Mu 2022, kukula kwa msika wa zoumba za silicon carbide ku China kukuyembekezeka kufika pa 18.2 biliyoni ya yuan. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso zosowa zakukula, akuti kukula kwa msika wa zoumba za silicon carbide kudzafika pa 29.6 biliyoni ya yuan pofika chaka cha 2025.
Mtsogolomu, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, mphamvu, mafakitale, kulumikizana ndi madera ena, komanso zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zolondola kwambiri, zosawonongeka kwambiri, komanso zodalirika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana, kukula kwa msika wa zinthu za silicon carbide ceramic kukuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukula, pakati pawo magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ndi ma photovoltaic ndi madera ofunikira kwambiri pakukula.
Zida za silicon carbide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu uvuni wa ceramic chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zabwino kwambiri zamakina otentha, kukana moto, komanso kukana kutentha. Pakati pa izi, ma roll kilns amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poumitsa, kuwotcha, komanso kuchiza kutentha kwa zinthu za lithiamu-ion battery positive electrode, zinthu za negative electrode, ndi ma electrolyte. Zida za lithiamu battery positive ndi negative electrode ndizofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Mipando ya silicon carbide ceramic kiln ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la ma microwave, lomwe lingathandize kukonza mphamvu zopangira ng'anjo ndikuchepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon carbide ceramic zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana a magalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, zida za SiC zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu PCUs (mayunitsi owongolera mphamvu, monga DC/DC yomwe ili pa bolodi) ndi OBCs (mayunitsi ochaja) zamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu. Zipangizo za SiC zimatha kuchepetsa kulemera ndi kuchuluka kwa zida za PCU, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa switch, ndikuwonjezera kutentha kogwira ntchito ndi magwiridwe antchito a zida; N'zothekanso kuwonjezera mulingo wamagetsi a unit, kupangitsa kapangidwe ka dera kukhala kosavuta, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera liwiro lochaja panthawi ya OBC chaji. Pakadali pano, makampani ambiri amagalimoto padziko lonse lapansi agwiritsa ntchito silicon carbide m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa silicon carbide kwakhala chizolowezi.
Pamene zinthu zomangira za silicon carbide zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zofunika kwambiri popanga maselo a photovoltaic, zinthu zomwe zimatuluka monga zothandizira maboti, mabokosi a maboti, ndi zolumikizira mapaipi zimakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, sizimawonongeka zikagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, ndipo sizipanga zinthu zowononga. Zitha kusintha zothandizira maboti a quartz, mabokosi a maboti, ndi zolumikizira mapaipi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, ndipo zimakhala ndi phindu lalikulu pamtengo.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwayi wamsika wa zida zamagetsi za silicon carbide za photovoltaic ndi wokulirapo. Zipangizo za SiC zili ndi mphamvu zochepa zotsutsana, mphamvu yolowera, komanso mphamvu yobwerera m'mbuyo. Kugwiritsa ntchito SiC Mosfet kapena SiC Mosfet pamodzi ndi ma inverter a SiC SBD photovoltaic kungawonjezere mphamvu yosinthira kuchokera pa 96% mpaka kupitirira 99%, kuchepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu ndi zoposa 50%, ndikuwonjezera moyo wa zida ndi nthawi 50.
Kupanga kwa ziwiya za silicon carbide kumatha kutsatiridwa kuyambira m'ma 1890, pomwe silicon carbide idagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu zopangira makina ndi zinthu zotsutsa. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wopanga, zinthu zapamwamba za SiC zapangidwa kwambiri, ndipo mayiko padziko lonse lapansi akulabadira kwambiri kukulitsa mafakitale a ziwiya zapamwamba. Sakukhutiranso ndi kukonzekera ziwiya zachikhalidwe za silicon carbide. Makampani opanga ziwiya zapamwamba akukula mwachangu, makamaka m'maiko otukuka kumene izi ndizofunikira kwambiri. Opanga akunja makamaka akuphatikizapo Saint Gobain, 3M, CeramTec, IBIDEN, Schunk, Narita Group, Toto Corporation, CoorsTek, Kyocera, Aszac, Japan Jingke Ceramics Co., Ltd., Japan Special Ceramics Co., Ltd., IPS Ceramics, ndi zina zotero.
Kupanga kwa silicon carbide ku China kunali kochedwa poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka monga Europe ndi America. Kuyambira pomwe ng'anjo yoyamba yamafakitale yopanga SiC idamangidwa ku First Grinding Wheel Factory mu June 1951, China idayamba kupanga silicon carbide. Opanga ziwiya za silicon carbide m'nyumba makamaka amakhala mumzinda wa Weifang, m'chigawo cha Shandong. Malinga ndi akatswiri, izi zili choncho chifukwa mabizinesi akumaloko amigodi ya malasha akukumana ndi vuto la bankirapuse ndipo akufuna kusintha. Makampani ena abweretsa zida zoyenera kuchokera ku Germany kuti ayambe kufufuza ndikupanga silicon carbide.ZPC ndi imodzi mwa makampani opanga kwambiri a silicon carbide.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-09-2024