I-Silicon carbide (SiC) i-ceramicsseziphenduke izinto eziwumgogodla emkhakheni wezitsha zobumba ezisezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu ngenxa ye-coefficient yazo ephansi yokwandisa ukufudumala, ukuqhutshwa kokushisa okuphezulu, ukuqina okuphezulu, kanye nokuzinza okuhle kakhulu kwe-thermal kanye namakhemikhali. Asetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni ebalulekile efana ne-aerospace, amandla enuzi, ezempi, nama-semiconductors.
Kodwa-ke, amabhondi e-covalent aqine kakhulu kanye ne-coefficient ephansi yokusabalalisa ye-SiC kwenza ukuminyana kwayo kube nzima. Kuze kube manje, imboni ithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene be-sintering, futhi izitsha zobumba ze-SiC ezilungiselelwe ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene zinomehluko omkhulu ku-microstructure, izakhiwo, kanye nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza. Nakhu ukuhlaziya izici eziyinhloko ze-ceramics ezinhlanu ezijwayelekile ze-silicon carbide.
1. Izitsha zobumba ze-SiC (S-SiC) ezingenakucindezela
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko: Ifanele izinqubo zokubumba eziningi, izindleko eziphansi, ezinganqunyelwe ukuma nosayizi, kuyindlela elula yokufaka ukukhiqiza ukukhiqiza ngobuningi. Ngokungeza i-boron ne-carbon ku-β – SiC equkethe amanani omkhondo we-oxygen futhi iwucwilise ngaphansi komkhathi ongasebenzi ongaba ngu-2000 ℃, umzimba ohlanganisiwe onokuminyana kwethiyori okungama-98% ungatholakala. Kunezinqubo ezimbili: isigaba esiqinile kanye nesigaba samanzi. Owokuqala unomthamo ophezulu kanye nokuhlanzeka, kanye nokuhamba okuphezulu kwe-thermal kanye namandla aphezulu okushisa.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile: Ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezindandatho zokuvala ezingagugi nezingagqwali kanye nama-sliding bearings; Ngenxa yokuqina kwayo okuphezulu, amandla adonsela phansi akhethekile, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwebhola, isetshenziswa kabanzi njengezikhali ezingangenwa izinhlamvu zezimoto nemikhumbi, kanye nokuvikela izindawo eziphephile zomphakathi kanye nezimoto zokuhamba ngemali. Ukumelana kwayo nokushaya okuningi kuphakeme kunobumba obujwayelekile be-SiC, futhi indawo yokuphuka yesivikelo se-cylindrical lightweight ingafinyelela phezu kwamathani angama-65.
2. Izitsha zobumba ze-Sintered Sintered (RB SiC)
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko: Ukusebenza kahle kwemishini, amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, nokumelana ne-oxidation; Izinga lokushisa eliphansi le-sintering nezindleko, ezikwazi ukwakha eduze nosayizi wenethi. Inqubo ihilela ukuxuba umthombo wekhabhoni ne-SiC powder ukukhiqiza i-billet. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, i-silicon encibilikisiwe ingena ku-billet futhi iphendule nge-carbon ukuze yakhe i-β - SiC, ehlanganisa ne-α yokuqala - i-SiC futhi igcwalise ama-pores. Ukushintsha kosayizi ngesikhathi sokufaka i-sintering kuncane, okuyenza ifanele ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni zemikhiqizo emise okwezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezijwayelekile: Imishini yokushisa ephezulu yokushisa, amashubhu akhazimulayo, izishintshisi zokushisa, imibhobho ye-desulfurization; Ngenxa ye-coefficient yayo ephansi yokwandisa okushisayo, i-modulus enwebekayo ephezulu, nezici eziseduze zokwenza inetha, isiphenduke into ekahle yezibonisi zesikhala; Ingakwazi futhi esikhundleni sengilazi ye-quartz njengento esekela amashubhu kagesi kanye nemishini yokukhiqiza i-semiconductor chip.
3. Izitsha zobumba ezicindezelwe ezishisayo ze-SiC (HP SiC)
Inzuzo eyinhloko: I-synchronous sintering ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu nokucindezela okuphezulu, i-powder isesimweni se-thermoplastic, esivumelana nenqubo yokudlulisa ubuningi. Ingakwazi ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enezinhlamvu ezinhle, ukuminyana okuphezulu, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini emazingeni okushisa aphansi nangesikhathi esifushane, futhi ingafinyelela ukuminyana okuphelele futhi eduze nesimo esihlanzekile se-sintering.
Uhlelo lokusebenza olujwayelekile: Ekuqaleni lwalusetshenziswa njengamavesti angangenwa izinhlamvu kumalungu ezisebenzi zendiza enophephela emhlane yase-US phakathi neMpi YaseVietnam, imakethe yezikhali yathathelwa indawo i-boron carbide ecindezelwe eshisayo; Okwamanje, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimeni zenani eliphakeme, njengezinkambu ezinezidingo eziphezulu kakhulu zokulawula ukwakheka, ukuhlanzeka, nokuminyana, kanye nezinkambu zemboni yenuzi ezingagugi.
4. Izitsha zobumba ezenziwe kabusha ze-SiC (R-SiC)
Inzuzo eyinhloko: Asikho isidingo sokwengeza izinsiza ze-sintering, kuyindlela evamile yokulungiselela ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kanye namadivayisi amakhulu e-SiC. Inqubo ihilela ukuxuba izimpushana ezimahhadlahhadla nezicolekileyo ze-SiC ngokulingana nokuwenza, ukucwiliswa endaweni engasebenzi kahle engu-2200~2450 ℃. Izinhlayiya ezinhle ziyahwamuka futhi zijiye lapho kuthintana phakathi kwezinhlayiya ezimahhadla ukuze zakhe izitsha zobumba, ezinobulukhuni okwesibili kuya kwedayimane. I-SiC igcina amandla aphezulu ezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana ne-oxidation, nokumelana nokushaqeka okushisayo.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: Ifenisha yeziko lokushisa eliphezulu, izinto ezishintsha ukushisa, imibhobho evuthayo; Emkhathini we-aerospace kanye nezempi, isetshenziselwa ukwakha izingxenye zesakhiwo semikhumbi-mkhathi njengezinjini, amaphiko omsila, kanye ne-fuselage, engathuthukisa ukusebenza kwemishini nempilo yesevisi.
5. Izitsha ze-SiC Ceramics (SiSiC) ezifakwe i-silicon
Izinzuzo eziyinhloko: Ifaneleka kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni, enesikhathi esifushane se-sintering, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, eliminyene ngokugcwele futhi elingakhubazekile, elakhiwe nge-matrix ye-SiC kanye nesigaba se-Si esifakwe ngaphakathi, ihlukaniswe yaba izinqubo ezimbili: ukungena koketshezi kanye nokungena kwegesi. Lesi sakamuva sinezindleko eziphakeme kodwa ukuminyana okungcono nokufana kwe-silicon yamahhala.
Izicelo ezijwayelekile: i-porosity ephansi, umoya omuhle, nokumelana okuphansi kuhambisana nokuqeda ugesi omile, ofanele ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi noma ezingenalutho, ezisetshenziswa kabanzi kumishini yokucubungula i-semiconductor; Ngenxa yemodulus yayo enwebekayo ephezulu, engasindi, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokuvikela umoya okuhle kakhulu, iyinto encanyelwayo esebenza kahle kakhulu emkhakheni we-aerospace, engamelana nemithwalo ezindaweni zasemkhathini futhi iqinisekise ukunemba nokuphepha kwemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-02-2025