Ibumba rya silicon carbide (SiC)Byabaye ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bijyanye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bw'inyubako za keramike bitewe n'ubushyuhe buke bwazo, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubukana bwinshi, hamwe no kudahindagurika cyane mu bushyuhe na shimi. Bikoreshwa cyane mu nzego z'ingenzi nko mu kirere, ingufu za kirimbuzi, mu bya gisirikare no mu byuma bipima ubushyuhe.
Ariko, imigozi ikomeye cyane ya covalent hamwe n'ingano nto ya SiC ituma ubucucike bwayo bugorana. Ku bw'ibyo, inganda zateje imbere ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye ryo gusya, kandi SiC ceramics zakozwe n'ikoranabuhanga ritandukanye zifite itandukaniro rinini mu miterere mito, imiterere, n'uburyo bwo kuzikoresha. Dore isesengura ry'imiterere y'ingenzi ya silikoni carbide eshanu zizwi cyane.
1. Ibumba rya SiC ridafite umuvuduko (S-SiC)
Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Bikwiriye uburyo bwinshi bwo gushushanya, buhendutse, butagengwa n'imiterere n'ingano, ni bwo buryo bworoshye bwo gusya kugira ngo bugere ku musaruro mwinshi. Mu kongeramo boron na karuboni muri β - SiC irimo ogisijeni nke hanyuma ukayisya mu kirere kidakora neza ku bushyuhe bwa 2000 ℃, umubiri usya ufite ubucucike bwa teoriyo bwa 98% ushobora kuboneka. Hari inzira ebyiri: igice gikomeye n'igice cy'amazi. Icya mbere gifite ubucucike n'ubuziranenge bwinshi, ndetse n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'imbaraga z'ubushyuhe bwinshi.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Gukora cyane impeta zo gufunga zirinda kwangirika no kwangirika; Bitewe n'ubukana bwayo bwinshi, uburemere bwayo buke, n'imikorere yayo myiza ya ballistic, ikoreshwa cyane nk'intwaro idapfa amasasu ku binyabiziga n'amato, ndetse no kurinda amasasu ya gisivili n'imodoka zitwara amafaranga. Irwanya ibitero byinshi kurusha ibumba risanzwe rya SiC, kandi aho icikagurika h'intwaro zo kurinda ziremereye zishobora kugera kuri toni zirenga 65.
2. Ibumba rya SiC rikozwe mu buryo bwa Reaction (RB SiC)
Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Imikorere myiza cyane ya mekanike, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ingese, no kurwanya ogisijeni; Ubushyuhe buke n'igiciro gito cyo gutwika, bishobora gukora hafi y'ingano nyayo. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo kuvanga isoko ya karuboni n'ifu ya SiC kugira ngo hakorwe billet. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, silikoni ishongeshejwe yinjira mu billet hanyuma igakorana na karuboni kugira ngo ikore β - SiC, ihuzwa na α - SiC y'umwimerere kandi yuzuze imyenge. Impinduka mu bunini mu gihe cyo gutwika ni nto, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu nganda mu gukora ibintu bifite ishusho ikomeye.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Ibikoresho byo mu itanura rishyuha cyane, imiyoboro irabagirana, imiyoboro ihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro ikoresha amashanyarazi; Bitewe n'uko ifite ubushyuhe buke, modulus nyinshi irabagirana, ndetse n'imiterere yayo yo gukora hafi ya net, yabaye ibikoresho byiza byo gushyiramo reflectors mu kirere; Ishobora kandi gusimbura ikirahuri cya quartz nk'igikoresho gishyigikira imiyoboro y'amashanyarazi n'ibikoresho byo gukora chips za semiconductor.
3. Ibumba rya SiC rishyushye cyane (HP SiC)
Akamaro k'ingenzi: Gutunganya ibintu mu buryo buhuye n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'umuvuduko mwinshi, ifu iba iri mu buryo bwa thermoplastic, ibyo bikaba byorohereza mu buryo bwinshi. Ishobora gukora ibicuruzwa bifite ibinyampeke byiza, ubucucike bwinshi, n'imiterere myiza ya mekanike ku bushyuhe buri hasi kandi mu gihe gito, kandi ishobora kugera ku bucucike bwuzuye kandi hafi ya buto.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Mbere yakoreshwaga nk'amakoti adapfa amasasu ku bakozi ba kajugujugu bo muri Amerika mu gihe cy'Intambara ya Vietnam, isoko ry'intwaro ryasimbuwe na karuboni ishyushye ya boron; Kuri ubu, ikoreshwa cyane mu bintu bifite agaciro gakomeye, nko mu mirima ifite ibisabwa byinshi byo kugenzura imiterere, ubuziranenge, no kwiyongera, ndetse no mu nganda za kirimbuzi zidashobora kwangirika no kwangirika.
4. Ibumba rya SiC ryasubiwemo (R-SiC)
Akamaro k'ingenzi: Nta mpamvu yo kongeramo ibikoresho byo gusya, ni uburyo busanzwe bwo gutegura ibikoresho bisukuye cyane n'ibinini bya SiC. Iyi nzira ikubiyemo kuvanga ifu ya SiC ikomeye n'iyoroheje mu rugero runaka no kuyikora, ikayisya mu kirere kidashyushye kuri 2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Uduce duto duhinduka umwuka tukava mu kirere iyo uduce duto duhuye tugakora ibumba, hamwe n'ubukana bukurikira diyama. SiC igumana imbaraga nyinshi mu bushyuhe bwinshi, irwanya ingese, irwanya ogisijeni, kandi irwanya ubushyuhe.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: Ibikoresho byo mu itanura rishyushye cyane, ibikoresho bihindura ubushyuhe, imiyoboro y'umuriro; Mu kirere no mu bya gisirikare, ikoreshwa mu gukora ibice by'imiterere y'ibyogajuru nka moteri, amababa y'inyuma, na fuselage, bishobora kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho n'igihe bimara.
5. Silikoni yinjijwe muri SiC ceramics (SiSiC)
Ibyiza by'ingenzi: Bikwiriye cyane mu nganda, hamwe n'igihe gito cyo gutwika, ubushyuhe buke, ubucucike bwuzuye kandi butarimo ubusembwa, bigizwe na matrix ya SiC na phase ya Si yinjijwemo, bigabanyijemo inzira ebyiri: kwinjira mu mazi no kwinjira mu mwuka. Iyi ya nyuma ihenze cyane ariko ifite ubucucike bwiza kandi ingana na silikoni yigenga.
Ikoreshwa risanzwe: ubushobozi buke bwo gusohora amashanyarazi, ubushobozi bwo guhumeka neza, no kudakoresha ingufu zihagije ni byiza mu gukuraho amashanyarazi adahinduka, akwiriye gukorwamo ibice binini, bigoye cyangwa bifite ububobere, akoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho bitunganya ibikoresho bya semiconductor; Bitewe n'uburyo bwayo bworoshye bwo gukurura, bworoshye, bukomeye, kandi butuma umwuka utagira amazi ugera ku rugero rwiza, ni yo ikundwa cyane mu bijyanye n'ikirere, ishobora kwihanganira imitwaro mu kirere no kwemeza ko ibikoresho ari inyangamugayo kandi bifite umutekano.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-02-2025