Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramicszakhala zofunikira kwambiri pazambiri zomangira zotentha kwambiri chifukwa cha kutsika kwawo kowonjezera kutentha, kukhathamira kwakukulu kwamafuta, kuuma kwakukulu, komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta ndi mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ofunikira monga mlengalenga, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, asitikali, ndi ma semiconductors.
Komabe, zomangira zolimba kwambiri komanso zocheperako za SiC zimapangitsa kuti kachulukidwe kake kakhale kovuta. Kuti izi zitheke, makampaniwa apanga matekinoloje osiyanasiyana a sintering, ndipo zoumba za SiC zokonzedwa ndi matekinoloje osiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu mu microstructure, katundu, ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito. Nayi kuwunika kwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zisanu zazikulu za silicon carbide ceramics.
1. Zosakaniza za SiC za ceramic (S-SiC) zopanda kukakamiza
Ubwino wapakati: Oyenera njira zingapo zokumba, zotsika mtengo, zosawerengeka ndi mawonekedwe ndi kukula, ndiye njira yosavuta yopangira sintering kuti ikwaniritse kupanga kwakukulu. Powonjezera boron ndi carbon ku β - SiC yomwe ili ndi mpweya wochuluka ndikuuyika pansi pa mpweya wozungulira pafupifupi 2000 ℃, thupi lopanda madzi lokhala ndi chidziwitso cha 98% likhoza kupezeka. Pali njira ziwiri: gawo lolimba ndi gawo lamadzimadzi. Zakale zimakhala ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndi chiyero, komanso kutentha kwapamwamba komanso mphamvu zotentha kwambiri.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Kupanga mphete zotsekera zosamva kuvala komanso zosakhala ndi dzimbiri ndi mayendedwe otsetsereka; Chifukwa cha kuuma kwake kwakukulu, mphamvu yokoka yocheperako, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zida zoteteza zipolopolo zamagalimoto ndi zombo, komanso kuteteza chitetezo cha anthu wamba ndi magalimoto onyamula ndalama. Kukaniza kwake kwamitundu yambiri ndikopambana kuposa zida zadothi za SiC wamba, ndipo malo ophwanyika a zida zodzitchinjiriza zopepuka amatha kufikira matani opitilira 65.
2. Rection sintered SiC ceramics (RB SiC)
Ubwino wapakati: Kuchita bwino kwamakina, mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni; Kutentha kochepa kwa sintering ndi mtengo, wokhoza kupanga pafupi ndi kukula kwa ukonde. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza gwero la carbon ndi SiC powder kuti apange billet. Pa kutentha kwambiri, silicon yosungunuka imalowa mkati mwa billet ndipo imagwira ntchito ndi carbon kuti ipange β - SiC, yomwe imagwirizanitsa ndi choyambirira α - SiC ndikudzaza pores. Kusintha kwa kukula panthawi ya sintering ndikochepa, ndikupangitsa kukhala koyenera kupanga mafakitale azinthu zowoneka bwino.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Zida zowotcha kutentha kwambiri, machubu owala, osinthanitsa kutentha, ma nozzles a desulfurization; Chifukwa cha kutsika kwake kowonjezera kwamafuta, modulus yotanuka kwambiri, komanso mawonekedwe apafupi opangira ukonde, yakhala chinthu chabwino kwambiri pazowunikira mlengalenga; Ithanso kusintha magalasi a quartz ngati chothandizira machubu amagetsi ndi zida zopangira zida za semiconductor chip.
3. Ziwiya zadothi za sintered SiC (HP SiC)
Ubwino waukulu: Synchronous sintering pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, ufa uli mu thermoplastic state, yomwe imapangitsa kuti anthu ambiri asamuke. Imatha kupanga zinthu zokhala ndi njere zabwino, kachulukidwe kwambiri, komanso makina abwino pamatenthedwe otsika komanso munthawi yochepa, ndipo imatha kukwaniritsa kachulukidwe wathunthu komanso pafupi ndi sintering yoyera.
Ntchito yodziwika bwino: Poyambirira ankagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zovala zoteteza zipolopolo za ogwira ntchito pa helikopita ya ku United States panthawi ya nkhondo ya Vietnam, msika wa zida unasinthidwa ndi boron carbide yotentha; Pakalipano, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zowonjezera mtengo, monga minda yomwe ili ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera, kuyera, ndi kachulukidwe, komanso malo osagwirizana ndi nyukiliya.
4. Zopangidwanso ndi SiC ceramics (R-SiC)
Ubwino wapakati: Palibe chifukwa chowonjezera zothandizira, ndi njira yodziwika bwino yokonzekera zida zazikulu za SiC. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza ufa wosalala ndi wabwino wa SiC molingana ndikuwapanga, kuwayika mumlengalenga wa 2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono timasanduka nthunzi ndi kupindika pakulumikizana pakati pa tinthu tambirimbiri tomwe timapanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapanga matope, kuuma kwachiwiri ndi diamondi. SiC imakhalabe ndi mphamvu zotentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kwa okosijeni, komanso kukana kugwedezeka kwamafuta.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito: Mipando yotentha kwambiri ya ng'anjo, zosinthira kutentha, milomo yoyaka; M'malo azamlengalenga ndi asitikali, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zapamlengalenga monga injini, zipsepse za mchira, ndi fuselage, zomwe zimatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito ndi moyo wautumiki.
5. Silicon yolowetsamo zoumba za SiC (SiSiC)
Ubwino wapakati: Ambiri oyenera kupanga mafakitale, ndi nthawi yaifupi ya sintering, kutentha pang'ono, wandiweyani komanso wosapunduka, wopangidwa ndi SiC masanjidwewo ndi gawo lolowetsedwa la Si, logawidwa m'njira ziwiri: kulowa kwamadzi ndi kulowetsa mpweya. Chotsatiracho chimakhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba koma kachulukidwe kabwinoko komanso kufanana kwa silicon yaulere.
Ntchito zofananira: porosity yochepa, mpweya wabwino, ndi kukana kochepa kumathandiza kuthetsa magetsi osasunthika, oyenera kupanga zigawo zazikulu, zovuta kapena zopanda kanthu, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzitsulo zopangira semiconductor; Chifukwa cha zotanuka kwambiri modulus, zopepuka, mphamvu kwambiri, ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri, ndi zinthu zomwe amakonda kwambiri pazamlengalenga, zomwe zimatha kupirira katundu m'malo ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zida ndi zolondola komanso zotetezeka.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-02-2025