I "Clone Technique" yeSilicon Carbide Ceramics: Uhlalutyo lweentlobo ezintlanu eziphambili

I-silicon carbide (SiC) iiseramikhiziye zaba zezona zinto ziphambili kwintsimi yeekeramics zesakhiwo sobushushu obuphezulu ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficient ephantsi, i-thermal conductivity ephezulu, ubunzima obuphezulu, kunye nokuzinza kwe-thermal kunye neekhemikhali. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo eziphambili ezifana ne-aerospace, amandla enyukliya, umkhosi, kunye ne-semiconductors.
Nangona kunjalo, i-covalent bonds eyomeleleyo kunye ne-coefficient ephantsi yokusasazwa kwe-SiC yenza ukuxinana kwayo kube nzima. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ishishini liphuhlise itekhnoloji eyohlukeneyo ye-sintering, kwaye ii-ceramics ze-SiC ezilungiselelwe yitekhnoloji eyahlukeneyo zinomahluko omkhulu kwi-microstructure, iipropathi, kunye neemeko zesicelo. Nalu uhlalutyo lweempawu ezingundoqo ezintlanu ze-silicon carbide ceramics.
1. Nonxinzelelo sintered SiC ceramics (S-SiC)
Izibonelelo ezingundoqo: Ifanelekile kwiinkqubo ezininzi zokubumba, ixabiso eliphantsi, elingaphelelanga kwimilo kunye nobukhulu, yeyona ndlela ilula ye-sintering ukuphumeza imveliso yobuninzi. Ngokudibanisa i-boron kunye nekhabhoni kwi-β – SiC equlethe umkhondo we-oksijini kwaye uyifake phantsi kwe-atmosphere engasebenziyo emalunga ne-2000 ℃, umzimba odibeneyo onobunzima bethiyori obungama-98% unokufumaneka. Kukho iinkqubo ezimbini: isigaba esiqinileyo kunye nesigaba solwelo. Eyangaphambili inoxinano oluphezulu kunye nokucoceka, kunye ne-conductivity ephezulu ye-thermal kunye namandla aphezulu obushushu.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo: Ukuveliswa kwemveliso yobuninzi beentsimbi zokutywina ezinqabileyo kunye ne-corrosion-resistant kunye neebheringi ze-sliding; Ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu, ubunzima obuthile obusezantsi, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwebhola, isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengesikrweqe sokuthintela iimbumbulu kwizithuthi neenqanawa, kunye nokukhusela iisefu zabantu kunye nezithuthi zothutho lwemali. Ukuchasana kwayo okuninzi kuphezulu kuneeseramics zeSiC eziqhelekileyo, kwaye indawo yokwaphuka yesikrweqe sokhuselo esisisilinda esikhaphukhaphu inokufikelela ngaphezulu kweetoni ezingama-65.
2. Iiseramikhi ze-Sintered Sintered (RB SiC)
Iingenelo ezingundoqo: Ukusebenza komatshini okugqwesileyo, amandla aphezulu, ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion, kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation; Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi le-sintering kunye neendleko, ezikwaziyo ukwenza kufutshane nesayizi yenetha. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukuxuba umthombo wekhabhoni kunye ne-SiC powder ukuvelisa i-billet. Kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, i-silicon encibilikisiweyo ingena kwi-billet kwaye iphendule ngekhabhoni ukwenza i-β - SiC, edibanisa ne-original α - SiC kwaye izalise iipores. Ukutshintsha ubungakanani ngexesha lokutshiza kuncinci, okwenza kube yinto efanelekileyo kwimveliso yemveliso yeemveliso ezinobumba obunzima.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo: Izixhobo zokushisa ubushushu obuphezulu, iityhubhu ezikhazimlayo, abatshintshisi bobushushu, imilomo ye-desulfurization; Ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal coefficient ephantsi, imodyuli ephezulu enwebekayo, kunye neempawu ezikufutshane zokwenza umnatha, ibe yinto efanelekileyo kwizibonisi zendawo; Inokuthi ithathe indawo yeglasi yequartz njengento exhasayo kwiityhubhu zombane kunye nezixhobo zokwenziwa kwetshiphu zesemiconductor.

3. Iiseramikhi zeSiC eziciniweyo ezishushu (HP SiC)
Inzuzo engundoqo: I-synchronous sintering phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu, ipowder ikwimeko ye-thermoplastic, ehambelana nenkqubo yokudlulisa ubuninzi. Inokuvelisa iimveliso ezineenkozo ezintle, ukuxinana okuphezulu, kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kwaye ngexesha elifutshane, kwaye inokufikelela ekuxineni okupheleleyo kunye kufutshane nemeko ye-sintering ecocekileyo.
Isicelo esiqhelekileyo: Ekuqaleni yayisetyenziswa njengeevesti ze-bulletproof zamalungu e-helicopter yaseMelika ngexesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam, imarike yezixhobo yatshintshwa yi-boron carbide ecinezelekileyo; Okwangoku, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimimeko yexabiso elongeziweyo, efana nemimandla eneemfuno eziphezulu kakhulu zolawulo lokwakheka, ubunyulu, kunye noxinaniso, kunye nokunganxibi kunye nemimandla yoshishino lwenyukliya.
4. Iiseramikhi zeSiC ezihlaziyiweyo (R-SiC)
Inzuzo engundoqo: Akukho mfuneko yokongeza izixhobo zokuncedisa, yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulungiselela ukucoceka okuphezulu kunye nezixhobo ezinkulu ze-SiC. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukuxuba i-coarse kunye ne-fine SiC powders ngokulinganayo kwaye ibenze, ukucwina kwi-atmosphere engenzi lutho kwi-2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Amasuntswana amahle ajika abe ngumphunga kwaye ajiyane ekudibaneni phakathi kwamasuntswana arhabaxa ukwenza iiseramikhi, ngokuqina okwesibini kuphela kwidayimane. I-SiC igcina amandla obushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa ukubola, ukuxhathisa kwi-oxidation, kunye nokumelana nokothuka kwe-thermal.
Usetyenziso oluqhelekileyo: Ifenitshala ye-onti yeqondo eliphezulu, i-heat exchangers, imilomo yokutshisa; Kwimimandla ye-aerospace kunye nemikhosi yomkhosi, isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa amacandelo ezakhiwo ze-spacecraft ezifana neenjini, amaphiko omsila, kunye ne-fuselage, enokuphucula ukusebenza kwezixhobo kunye nobomi benkonzo.
5. I-silicon engene kwi-SiC ceramics (SiSiC)
Izibonelelo ezingundoqo: Eyona ifanelekileyo kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, kunye nexesha elifutshane sintering, lobushushu eliphantsi, axineneyo ngokupheleleyo kwaye non deformed, iqulunqwe SiC matrix kunye nokungeniswa isigaba Si, zahlulwe zibe ziinkqubo ezimbini: ukungeniswa ulwelo kunye nokungeniswa igesi. Le yokugqibela ineendleko eziphezulu kodwa ingxinano engcono kunye nokufana kwesilicon yasimahla.
Izicelo eziqhelekileyo: i-porosity ephantsi, i-airtightness efanelekileyo, kunye nokuchasana okuphantsi kuhambelana nokuphelisa umbane ongatshintshiyo, ofanelekileyo ukuvelisa iindawo ezinkulu, eziyinkimbinkimbi okanye ezingenanto, ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizixhobo zokusebenza ze-semiconductor; Ngenxa yomgangatho wayo ophezulu we-elastic modulus, ukhaphukhaphu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokungangeni komoya okugqwesileyo, yeyona nto ikhethwayo yokusebenza okuphezulu kwibala le-aerospace, enokumelana nemithwalo kwindawo yendawo kwaye iqinisekise ukuchaneka kwezixhobo kunye nokhuseleko.