Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide (SiC)zvave zvinhu zvakakosha mumunda wezviumbwa zveceramics zvinopisa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekuwedzera kwadzo kwekupisa kushoma, kufambisa kwadzo kupisa kwakanyanya, kuomarara kwakanyanya, uye kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa nemakemikari. Zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muminda yakakosha senge mudenga, simba renyukireya, zvemauto, uye semiconductors.
Zvisinei, ma covalent bonds akasimba zvikuru uye SiC ine diffusion coefficient shoma zvinoita kuti densification yayo ive yakaoma. Nekuda kweizvi, indasitiri iyi yakagadzira matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana e sintering, uye SiC ceramics yakagadzirwa nematekinoroji akasiyana ine musiyano mukuru mu microstructure, hunhu, uye mashandisirwo. Heino ongororo yehunhu hwepakati hwe silicon carbide ceramics shanu huru.
1. SiC ceramics isina kumanikidzwa (S-SiC)
Zvakanakira zvepakati: Zvakakodzera maitiro akawanda ekuumba, mutengo wakaderera, usingagumiri pachimiro nehukuru, ndiyo nzira iri nyore yekuumba zvinhu zvakawanda. Nekuwedzera boron nekabhoni kuβ - SiC ine huwandu hushoma hweokisijeni uye kuiumba pasi pemhepo isina simba pa2000 ℃, muviri wakaumbwa une density ye98% unogona kuwanikwa. Kune maitiro maviri: solid phase neliquid phase. Yekutanga ine density yakakwira uye kuchena, pamwe nekupisa kwakanyanya uye simba rekupisa rakakwirira.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwezvindori zvekuvhara zvinodzivirira kupera uye zvinodzivirira ngura uye mabheringi anotsvedza; Nekuda kwekuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, simba rayo rakaderera, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwebharisiti, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya senhumbi dzekudzivirira mabara dzemotokari nengarava, pamwe nekudzivirira masefa ehurumende nemotokari dzekutakura mari. Kudzivirira kwayo kurohwa kwakawanda kwakanyanya kupfuura zviumbwa zveSiC zvesimbi, uye nzvimbo yekupwanyika kwenhumbi dzekudzivirira dzakareruka dzecylindrical dzinogona kusvika matani anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu.
2. Zvidimbu zveSiC zvakasanganiswa neReaction (RB SiC)
Zvakanakira zvikuru: Kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo kwemuchina, simba rakawanda, kuramba ngura, uye kuramba oxidation; Kupisa kwakaderera uye mutengo wakaderera, zvinokwanisa kuumba saizi iri pedyo nehukuru hwese. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kusanganisa kabhoni neupfu hweSiC kuti igadzire billet. Pakupisa kwakanyanya, silicon yakanyungudutswa inopinda mu billet uye inopindirana nekabhoni kuti igadzire β - SiC, iyo inosanganiswa neα - SiC yekutanga uye inozadza maburi. Kuchinja kwehukuru panguva yekupisa kudiki, zvichiita kuti ikodzere kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwezvigadzirwa zvakaoma.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Midziyo yemoto inopisa zvakanyanya, machubhu anopenya, zvinochinja-chinja kupisa, maburi ekubvisa sulfurization; Nekuda kwekudzikira kwayo kwekuwedzera kwekupisa, modulus yakakwira, uye hunhu hwekugadzira mambure, yave chinhu chakanakira magirazi emuchadenga; Inogona zvakare kutsiva girazi re quartz sechishandiso chekutsigira machubhu emagetsi uye michina yekugadzira machipisi e semiconductor.
3. Zvidimbu zveSiC zvakadzvanywa zvinopisa (HP SiC)
Chinhu chikuru: Synchronous sintering kana tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, upfu huri muchimiro chethermoplastic, izvo zvinoita kuti hupfu hupfumike zvakanaka. Hunogona kugadzira zvigadzirwa zvine zviyo zvakapfava, density yakakwira, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika patembiricha yakaderera uye munguva pfupi, uye hunogona kusvika pakuzara kwehuwandu uye pedyo nekuchena kwehupfu.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Pakutanga yaishandiswa semajasi asingapindi mabara evashandi vehelikopta vekuUS panguva yeHondo yeVietnam, musika wezvombo wakatsiviwa nehot pressed boron carbide; Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu akawedzerwa kukosha, akadai seminda ine zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvekudzora kuumbwa, kuchena, uye density, pamwe neminda inodzivirira kupera uye inodzivirira kuputika uye indasitiri yenyukireya.
4. Zvigadziko zveSiC zvakagadziriswazve (R-SiC)
Chinhu chikuru: Hapana chikonzero chekuwedzera zvinhu zvinobatsira pakugadzira zvinhu zvinopisa, inzira yakajairika yekugadzira zvinhu zvakachena zvakanyanya uye zvinhu zvikuru zveSiC. Maitiro acho anosanganisira kusanganisa hupfu hweSiC hwakakora nehutete hwakatsetseka zvakaenzana uye kuhugadzira, huchipisa munzvimbo isina kusimba pa2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Hupfu hwakatsetseka hunopwanyika uye hunoungana panosangana zvinhu zvakakora kuti hugadzire ceramics, nekuoma kuri pasi pedhaimani. SiC inoramba iine simba rekupisa kwakanyanya, inodzivirira ngura, inodzivirira oxidation, uye inodzivirira kupisa.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: Fenicha yemoto inopisa zvakanyanya, zvinochinja-chinja kupisa, maburi ekupisa; Munzvimbo dzemuchadenga nedzemauto, inoshandiswa kugadzira zvinhu zvemuchadenga zvakaita semainjini, zvipete zvemuswe, uye fuselage, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza mashandiro emidziyo uye hupenyu hwebasa rayo.
5. Silikoni yakapinda muSiC ceramics (SiSiC)
Zvakanakira zvepakati: Yakanyanya kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, ine nguva pfupi yekupisa, tembiricha yakaderera, yakakora uye isina kusimba, inoumbwa neSiC matrix uye Si phase yakapinzwa, yakakamurwa kuita maitiro maviri: kupinda mumvura uye kupinda mugasi. Yekupedzisira ine mutengo wakakwira asi huwandu huri nani uye hunoenderana nesilicon yakasununguka.
Mashandisirwo akajairika: kudzika kwemvura, kusava nemhepo yakakwana, uye kusasimba kwesimba zvinobatsira kubvisa magetsi asingachinji, zvakakodzera kugadzira zvikamu zvikuru, zvakaoma kana zvisina chinhu, zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumichina yekugadzira semiconductor; Nekuda kwe elastic modulus yayo yakakwira, yakareruka, ine simba rakawanda, uye kusasimba kwemhepo kwakanaka, ndiyo chinhu chinodiwa zvikuru mumunda wemuchadenga, chinogona kutsungirira mitoro munzvimbo dzemuchadenga uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina yakarurama uye yakachengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-02-2025