Silicon carbide (SiC) yumburasun zama ainihin kayan aiki a fagen yumbun tsarin zafin jiki mai zafi saboda ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar yanayin zafi, haɓakar yanayin zafi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, da ingantaccen yanayin zafi da kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai. Ana amfani da su sosai a mahimman fagagen kamar sararin samaniya, makamashin nukiliya, soja, da na'urori masu ɗaukar nauyi.
Koyaya, ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan haɗin haɗin gwiwa da ƙarancin rarrabawar SiC yana sa haɓakar sa ya yi wahala. Don wannan, masana'antar ta haɓaka fasahohi daban-daban na sintering, kuma yumbu na SiC da aka shirya ta hanyar fasaha daban-daban suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, kaddarorin, da yanayin aikace-aikacen. Anan akwai nazarin ainihin halayen yumbun silikon carbide na yau da kullun guda biyar.
1. SiC ceramics (S-SiC) mara matsa lamba
Core abũbuwan amfãni: Dace da mahara gyare-gyaren matakai, low cost, ba'a iyakance ta siffar da girman, shi ne mafi sauki sintering hanya don cimma taro samar. Ta hanyar ƙara boron da carbon zuwa β-SiC mai ɗauke da iskar oxygen da sanya shi a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau a kusa da 2000 ℃, za a iya samun jiki mai ruɗi tare da ƙima na 98%. Akwai matakai guda biyu: m lokaci da ruwa lokaci. Na farko yana da mafi girma yawa da kuma tsabta, da kuma high thermal conductivity da kuma high-zazzabi ƙarfi.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Samar da yawan jama'a na zoben rufewa masu jure lalacewa da lalatawa da ɗigon zamewa; Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ƙarancin ƙayyadaddun nauyi, da kyakkyawan aikin ballistic, ana amfani da shi sosai azaman sulke masu hana harsashi don ababen hawa da jiragen ruwa, da kuma kare ajiyar farar hula da motocin jigilar kuɗi. Juriyarsa da yawa ya fi yumbura na SiC na yau da kullun, kuma wurin karyewar sulke mai nauyi mai kariya zai iya kaiwa sama da tan 65.
2. Reaction sintered SiC ceramics (RB SiC)
Core abũbuwan amfãni: Kyakkyawan aikin injiniya, babban ƙarfi, juriya na lalata, da juriya na iskar shaka; Ƙarƙashin zafin jiki da farashi, mai iya ƙirƙirar kusa da girman gidan yanar gizo. Tsarin ya ƙunshi haɗa tushen carbon tare da SiC foda don samar da billet. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, siliki na zurfafa yana shiga cikin billet kuma yana amsawa tare da carbon don samar da β - SiC, wanda ya haɗu da ainihin α - SiC kuma yana cika pores. Canjin girman girma a lokacin sintering yana da ƙananan, yana sa ya dace da samar da masana'antu na samfurori masu mahimmanci.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Babban kayan aikin kiln zafin jiki, bututu masu haske, masu musayar zafi, nozzles desulfurization; Saboda ƙarancin haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar thermal, babban maɗaukaki na roba, da kuma kusa da halayen ƙirƙira net, ya zama kyakkyawan abu don masu nunin sararin samaniya; Hakanan yana iya maye gurbin gilashin ma'adini azaman kayan tallafi don bututun lantarki da kayan masana'anta na guntu semiconductor.
3. SiC ceramics (HP SiC) da aka matse mai zafi
Babban fa'ida: Sintering na aiki tare a ƙarƙashin babban zafin jiki da matsanancin matsin lamba, foda yana cikin yanayin thermoplastic, wanda ke dacewa da tsarin canja wurin taro. Zai iya samar da samfurori tare da hatsi mai kyau, babban yawa, da kyawawan kayan aikin injiniya a ƙananan yanayin zafi da kuma cikin gajeren lokaci, kuma zai iya cimma cikakkiyar yawa kuma kusa da yanayin sintering mai tsabta.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Asalin da aka yi amfani da shi azaman riguna masu hana harsashi ga ma'aikatan jirgin helikwafta na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, an maye gurbin kasuwar sulke da matsi mai zafi boron carbide; A halin yanzu, galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayin da aka ƙara ƙima, kamar filayen da ke da matuƙar buƙatu don sarrafa abun da ke ciki, tsabta, da ƙima, da kuma filayen masana'antar nukiliya masu jurewa.
4. SiC ceramics (R-SiC) da aka sake sakewa
Babban fa'ida: Babu buƙatar ƙara kayan taimako na sintering, hanya ce ta gama gari don shirya tsaftataccen tsafta da manyan na'urorin SiC. Tsarin ya haɗa da haɗaɗɗen foda masu kyau da masu kyau na SiC daidai gwargwado da kuma samar da su, sanya su cikin yanayi mara kyau a 2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Kyawawan ɓangarorin suna ƙafe kuma suna tarawa yayin hulɗar tsakanin ɓangarorin da ba su da ƙarfi don samar da yumbu, tare da taurin na biyu kawai zuwa lu'u-lu'u. SiC yana riƙe da babban ƙarfin zafin jiki, juriya na lalata, juriya na iskar shaka, da juriya mai zafi.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Kayan ɗaki mai zafin jiki, masu musayar zafi, nozzles konewa; A cikin sararin samaniyar sararin samaniya da na soja, ana amfani da shi don kera kayan aikin jirgin sama kamar injuna, wutsiya, da fuselage, wanda zai iya inganta aikin kayan aiki da rayuwar sabis.
5. Silicon infiltrated SiC ceramics (SiSiC)
Core abũbuwan amfãni: Mafi dace da masana'antu samar, tare da gajeren sintering lokaci, low zafin jiki, cikakken m da mara nakasassu, hada da SiC matrix da infiltrated Si lokaci, kasu kashi biyu matakai: ruwa infiltration da gas infiltration. Ƙarshen yana da farashi mafi girma amma mafi kyawun yawa da daidaituwa na silicon kyauta.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullum: ƙananan porosity, mai kyau iska, da ƙananan juriya suna taimakawa wajen kawar da wutar lantarki mai mahimmanci, dace da samar da manyan, hadaddun ko sassa mara kyau, ana amfani da su a cikin kayan aiki na semiconductor; Saboda girman sa na roba, nauyi mai nauyi, babban ƙarfi, da ingantaccen iska, shine mafi kyawun kayan aiki mai ƙarfi a cikin filin sararin samaniya, wanda zai iya jure nauyi a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya da tabbatar da daidaiton kayan aiki da aminci.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-02-2025