Tukwane na silicon carbide (SiC)sun zama babban abu a fannin yumbu mai girman zafin jiki saboda ƙarancin faɗuwar zafi, yawan watsa zafi, ƙarfin tauri, da kuma kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na zafi da sinadarai. Ana amfani da su sosai a muhimman fannoni kamar sararin samaniya, makamashin nukiliya, soja, da semiconductors.
Duk da haka, ƙarfin haɗin covalent da ƙarancin yawan yaɗuwa na SiC suna sa yawansa ya yi wahala. Don haka, masana'antar ta ƙirƙiro fasahohin sintering daban-daban, kuma tukwanen SiC da aka shirya ta hanyar fasahohi daban-daban suna da bambance-bambance masu mahimmanci a cikin ƙananan tsari, halaye, da yanayin aikace-aikace. Ga nazarin manyan halaye guda biyar na tukwanen silicon carbide.
1. Tukwanen SiC marasa matsi da aka yi da sintering (S-SiC)
Babban fa'idodi: Ya dace da hanyoyin ƙera abubuwa da yawa, masu rahusa, ba a iyakance su ga siffa da girma ba, ita ce hanya mafi sauƙi ta ƙera abubuwa da yawa. Ta hanyar ƙara boron da carbon zuwa β – SiC wanda ke ɗauke da adadin iskar oxygen da kuma ƙera su a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara aiki a kusan 2000 ℃, ana iya samun jiki mai ƙera abubuwa da yawa na ka'ida na kashi 98%. Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu: lokaci mai ƙarfi da lokaci mai ruwa. Na farko yana da yawan yawa da tsarki, da kuma yawan zafin jiki mai yawa da kuma ƙarfin zafi mai yawa.
Amfanin da aka saba amfani da shi: Ana samar da zoben rufewa masu jure lalacewa da kuma jure tsatsa da kuma bearings masu zamiya; Saboda tsananin taurinsa, ƙarancin nauyi, da kuma kyakkyawan aikin ballistic, ana amfani da shi sosai a matsayin sulke mai jure wa harsashi ga motoci da jiragen ruwa, da kuma don kare akwatunan tsaro na farar hula da motocin jigilar kuɗi. Juriyarsa ta buguwa da yawa ta fi ta tukwane na SiC na yau da kullun, kuma wurin karyewar sulke mai sauƙi na silinda zai iya kaiwa sama da tan 65.
2. Tukwanen SiC masu siminti (RB SiC)
Manyan fa'idodi: Kyakkyawan aikin injiniya, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga tsatsa, da juriya ga iskar shaka; ƙarancin zafin jiki da farashi mai kyau, wanda ke iya samar da kusan girman da aka saba. Tsarin ya haɗa da haɗa tushen carbon da foda na SiC don samar da billet. A yanayin zafi mai yawa, silicon mai narkewa yana shiga billet ɗin kuma yana amsawa da carbon don samar da β - SiC, wanda ke haɗuwa da ainihin α - SiC kuma yana cike ramuka. Canjin girman yayin sintering ƙarami ne, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da samar da kayayyaki masu siffa mai rikitarwa a masana'antu.
Aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su: Kayan aikin murhu mai zafi, bututun haske, masu musayar zafi, bututun cire sulfurization; Saboda ƙarancin faɗuwar zafi, babban modulus na roba, da kuma halayen samar da iskar gas, ya zama kayan da ya dace don masu haskaka sararin samaniya; Hakanan yana iya maye gurbin gilashin quartz azaman kayan tallafi ga bututun lantarki da kayan aikin kera guntu na semiconductor.
3. Tukwanen SiC masu zafi da aka matse da sintetik (HP SiC)
Babban fa'ida: Yin sintering mai daidaitawa a ƙarƙashin zafi mai yawa da matsin lamba mai yawa, foda yana cikin yanayin thermoplastic, wanda ke taimakawa wajen canja wurin taro. Yana iya samar da samfura masu kyau, yawan yawa, da kyawawan halayen injiniya a ƙananan yanayin zafi da kuma cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, kuma yana iya cimma cikakken yawa da kuma kusan yanayin sintering mai tsabta.
Amfanin da aka saba amfani da shi: Da farko ana amfani da shi azaman rigar kariya daga harsashi ga ma'aikatan jirgin sama na Amurka a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, an maye gurbin kasuwar sulke da boron carbide mai zafi; A halin yanzu, galibi ana amfani da shi a cikin yanayi masu ƙima, kamar filayen da ke da buƙatu masu yawa don sarrafa abun da ke ciki, tsarki, da yawa, da kuma filayen masana'antar nukiliya masu jure lalacewa da makaman nukiliya.
4. Tukwanen SiC da aka sake yin amfani da su (R-SiC)
Babban fa'ida: Ba sai an ƙara kayan aikin rage zafi ba, hanya ce da aka saba amfani da ita wajen shirya manyan na'urori na SiC masu tsafta da kuma tsafta. Tsarin ya ƙunshi haɗa foda na SiC masu kauri da ƙanana daidai gwargwado da kuma samar da su, ta hanyar tace su a cikin yanayi mara motsi a 2200 ~ 2450 ℃. Ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna ƙafewa kuma suna taruwa a lokacin da suka haɗu tsakanin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta don samar da yumbu, tare da tauri na biyu bayan lu'u-lu'u. SiC yana riƙe da ƙarfin zafin jiki mai yawa, juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga iskar shaka, da juriya ga girgizar zafi.
Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun: Kayan daki na murhu mai zafi, masu musayar zafi, bututun konewa; A fannin sararin samaniya da na soja, ana amfani da shi don ƙera abubuwan da ke cikin sararin samaniya kamar injuna, fin-fif ɗin wutsiya, da fuselage, waɗanda za su iya inganta aikin kayan aiki da tsawon lokacin sabis.
5. Tukwanen SiC da aka saka a cikin silicon (SiSiC)
Manyan fa'idodi: Ya fi dacewa da samar da kayayyaki a masana'antu, tare da ɗan gajeren lokacin yin sintering, ƙarancin zafin jiki, cikakken mai yawa kuma ba ya nakasa, wanda ya ƙunshi matrix na SiC da kuma matakin Si da aka shigar, an raba shi zuwa matakai biyu: shigar ruwa da shigar iskar gas. Na ƙarshen yana da farashi mai girma amma mafi kyawun yawa da daidaito na silicon kyauta.
Aikace-aikacen da aka saba amfani da su: ƙarancin porosity, iska mai kyau, da ƙarancin juriya suna da amfani wajen kawar da wutar lantarki mai tsauri, wanda ya dace da samar da manyan sassa masu rikitarwa ko marasa zurfi, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin kayan aikin sarrafa semiconductor; Saboda babban modulus ɗinsa na roba, mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai yawa, da kuma kyakkyawan toshewar iska, shine kayan da aka fi so a fagen sararin samaniya, wanda zai iya jure wa lodi a cikin yanayin sararin samaniya kuma ya tabbatar da daidaito da aminci na kayan aiki.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-02-2025