Kwihlabathi lokuchaneka kwemizi-mveliso yanamhlanje, ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwezinto kudla ngokugqiba ukusebenza kwezixhobo.Iiseramikhi zeSilicon Carbide, ngeempawu zazo zomzimba ezikhethekileyo, ziba “ngumlindi oqinileyo” obalulekileyo kwicandelo lokuvelisa elikumgangatho ophezulu. Ukumelana okugqwesileyo kwezinto zeseramikhi eziphambili kwinguquko kuhlaziya imigangatho yokusebenza kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo.
1, Ikhowudi yesayensi engqongqo
I-modulus elastiki yezinto ifana nomlawuli wokulinganisa ubulukhuni, imisela ngokuthe ngqo amandla ayo okumelana nokuguquguquka phantsi koxinzelelo. I-modulus elastiki ye-silicon carbide ceramics ingaphezulu ngokuphindwe kathathu kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ifane ne-skeleton yokuqinisa intsimbi kwizakhiwo xa iphantsi koxinzelelo - nokuba iphantsi komthwalo onamandla aphezulu wezixhobo ezinzima, ukuguqulwa kwayo yi-1/4 kuphela yezixhobo zesinyithi.
Olu qina lungaqhelekanga luvela kwisakhiwo se-covalent bond esiqinileyo ngaphakathi kwezinto. I-athomu nganye yekhabhoni iqhagamshelwe ngokuqinileyo kwiiathom ezine ze-silicon ngokusebenzisana okuqinileyo, okwenza isakhiwo sekristale yenethiwekhi enemilinganiselo emithathu. Xa amandla angaphandle esebenza, esi sakhiwo se-lattice esizinzileyo sinokusasaza ngempumelelo uxinzelelo kunye nokulawula ukuguqulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-micrometer. Kwimimandla efana namaqonga e-precision optical kunye nezixhobo zokwenza i-semiconductor ezingenakho ukunyamezela ukuguqulwa, olu phawu luba ngundoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuchaneka.
2, Ifilosofi yezinto ezidibanisa ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka
Iiceramics ze-silicon carbide azibonisi nje kuphela ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu, kodwa zikwanokusebenza okumangalisayo okubanzi:
1. Iqinile kodwa ayiqhekeki: Amandla ayo okugoba adlula lawo entsimbi ekhethekileyo, kwaye nokuba iphantsi koxinzelelo olufana nolwendlovu endala emi ngonyawo olunye (malunga ne-400MPa), isenokugcina ulwakhiwo luluqilima. Olu dibaniso lokuqina okuphezulu kunye nokuqina okuphezulu kusombulula ingxaki yeshishini yokuba izinto zeseramikhi zemveli zibuthathaka.
2. Uzinzo lobushushu olufana nentaba: I-coefficient yokwandiswa kobushushu bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo yi-1/4 kuphela yentsimbi, kwaye ukuguquguquka kobungakanani kuncinci kumahluko obushushu angama-200 ℃. Idityaniswe nokuqhuba kwayo okugqwesileyo kobushushu, inokulinganisela ngokukhawuleza i-gradients yobushushu kwaye iphephe ukuqokelelwa kokuguquguquka okubangelwa luxinzelelo lobushushu.
3. Ukungaguquguquki: Phantsi koxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, izinga lokuqhekeka kwe-silicon carbide liphantsi kakhulu kunelezinto zesinyithi. Oku kuthetha ukuba nokuba iphantsi komthwalo ofanayo kangangeminyaka elishumi, utshintsho lwemilo yayo lusenokulawulwa ngaphantsi komda wokufunyanwa kwezixhobo.
3, ixabiso lobuchwepheshe eliqinileyo
Olu buchule bungaqhelekanga bokumelana nokuguqulwa kwezinto budala amathuba amatsha emizi-mveliso:
Kwiinkqubo ze-satellite optical, qinisekisa ukuba isibuko sigcina inqanaba le-nanometer lithe tyaba phantsi kobushushu obugqithisileyo kwindawo.
Gcina ukuchaneka kokubekwa kwe-sub micron yeqonga lokushukuma lezixhobo zokucubungula i-semiconductor wafer ngexesha lokusebenza ngesantya esiphezulu.
Gcina uzinzo lwejometri yesakhiwo esivaliweyo segumbi loxinzelelo lwezixhobo zokuhlola ulwandle olunzulu nokuba kungaphantsi koxinzelelo lwamanzi olumalunga neekhilomitha.
Siguqula le nzuzo yezinto eziphathekayo ibe kukukhuphisana kwezobuchwepheshe ngeenkqubo ezintsha: ukwamkela iindlela zokuvelisa eziphambili ukuphucula uxinano lwezinto eziphathekayo; Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuphambili obunelungelo lobunikazi, ukuqina kuyaphuculwa ngelixa kugcinwa ukuqina okuphezulu kakhulu. Iqela ngalinye lezinto livavanywa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimveliso ezihanjiswayo ziyahlangabezana okanye zidlule kwiimfuno zabathengi.
Namhlanje, njengoko ukwenziwa ngokuchanekileyo kuhambela kwi-nanoscale, ii-silicon carbide ceramics zitolika eyona nto iphambili kushishino lwanamhlanje "ngefilosofi yalo eqinileyo" - kusetyenziswa uzinzo olupheleleyo lwezinto ukuxhasa amathuba angenamkhawulo okwenziwa. Olu phuhliso lobuchwepheshe, olubonisa ubulumko besayensi yezinto, luya kuqhubeka nokufaka amandla amatsha "okusebenzisa ubulukhuni ukoyisa ukuguquguquka" kwimveliso yezixhobo eziphezulu.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-29-2025