Izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide (SiC), ezidume ngamandla azo angavamile, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, kanye nokuqina kokugqwala, zilungele ukuguqula izimboni ezisukela kumandla kuya ezindiza. Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zazo zezinto ezibonakalayo, isimo esishintshayo sobuchwepheshe, inqubomgomo, kanye nokusimama kuqhuba amathuba okukhula angakaze abonwe ezinsimbi ze-SiC. Lesi sihloko sihlola amathuba okuthuthukiswa okuguqulayo ezinsimbi ze-SiC, sigxile ekushintsheni kwemakethe, izitayela zokusungula izinto ezintsha, kanye noshintsho lwezimboni zomhlaba wonke oluhlukanisa indlela yalo yesikhathi esizayo nezicelo ezivamile.
1. Ukwanda Okukhulu Kwemakethe Okuqhutshwa Yisidingo Sezimboni Ezihlukahlukene
Imakethe yomhlaba wonke ye-SiC ceramics kulindeleke ukuthi ikhule ku-CAGR engu-9.2% kusukela ngo-2024 kuya ku-2030, iqhutshwa yindima yayo engenakuphikwa kubuchwepheshe besizukulwane esilandelayo:
（1）Ukubusa Kwe-Semiconductor: Njengomgogodla we-elekthronikhi yamandla kuma-EV kanye nezinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo, ama-substrate e-ceramic e-SiC abalulekile kumadivayisi ane-voltage ephezulu, ane-frequency ephezulu. Umkhakha we-EV wodwa kulindeleke ukuthi uqhube ama-30% esidingo se-SiC ngo-2030.
（2）Umnotho Wesikhala: Njengoba kuneziphuphutheki ezingaphezu kuka-15,000 ezihlelelwe ukukhishwa kuleli shumi leminyaka, izitsha ze-SiC zibalulekile ezingxenyeni ezilula, ezingamelani nemisebe kuma-thruster e-satellite kanye nezihlangu zokushisa.
（3）I-Hydrogen Revolution: Ama-electrolyzer e-solid oxide (SOEC) okukhiqizwa kwe-hydrogen eluhlaza athembele ekuzinzeni kwe-SiC ezindaweni ezibucayi ze-redox, okuhambisana nezinhloso zomhlaba wonke zokususa i-carbonization.
2. Inqubomgomo Yomhlaba Wonke Yokushintsha Amaketanga Okuphakelwa Kwempahla
Ohulumeni babeka phambili izinto zobumba ze-SiC ezinhlelweni zamasu kazwelonke:
（1）Umthetho we-US CHIPS: Wabela amaRandi ayizigidigidi ezingama-52 ukuqinisa izintambo zokuphakelwa kwe-semiconductor, kanti ukukhiqizwa kwe-SiC wafer kuthola uxhaso oluqondiwe.
（2）Uhlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14 lwaseShayina: Lubeka izinto zobumba ezithuthukisiwe “njengezinto ezintsha ezibalulekile,” luhlose ukuzimela kwasekhaya okungu-70% ezingxenyeni ze-SiC ngo-2025.
（3）Umthetho Wezinto Ezisetshenziswayo Ezibalulekile ze-EU: Ufaka i-silicon carbide ohlwini lwayo lwezinto zokwakha eziqondiwe, okukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwendawo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuthembela ekuthengisweni kwempahla kwase-Asia.
3. Ukushintshashintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe Emkhakheni Wokukhiqiza
Ukuthuthukiswa kokwenziwa kanye nokucubungula kunqobe izithiyo zomlando:
（1）Ukukhiqiza Okungeziwe: Ukuphrinta kwe-3D okusekelwe ku-laser manje kuvumela izingxenye ze-SiC eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezicishe zibe nomumo we-net ezine-<20 μm ngokunemba, okunciphisa imfucuza yezinto ngo-40%.
（2）Ukuthuthukiswa Kwenqubo Eqhutshwa yi-AI: Ama-algorithms okufunda komshini anciphisa izikhathi zokushiswa ngo-35% kuyilapho ethuthukisa ukuqina kokuqhekeka ngo-25%.
（3）Ukweqa Okunhlanzekile Kwe-Quantum: Ukufakwa komoya wamakhemikhali othuthukisiwe nge-Plasma (PE-CVD) kufinyelela ku-99.9995% we-SiC coatings emsulwa, okuvula izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-biomedical ekufakweni kwamalunga kanye nokufakelwa kwamazinyo.
4. Ukusimama njenge-Accelerator yokukhula
I-SiC ceramics iba yisisekelo sezinhlelo zezimboni eziyindilinga:
（1）Isivuseleli Sokungathathi-hlangothi Kwekhabhoni: Ama-reactor ahlanganiswe ne-SiC athuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-catalytic ezinhlelweni zokubamba ikhabhoni ngo-18%, esekela ngqo imigomo ye-net-zero.
（2）Ukuphakama Komjikelezo Wokuphila: Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi zendabuko, izingxenye ze-SiC ezitsheni zezimboni zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngo-22% esikhathini sazo sokuphila seminyaka eyi-10+.
（3）Ukuvuselela Ubuchwepheshe: Izinqubo ezintsha ze-hydrometallurgical zibuyisa u-95% we-SiC ezingxenyeni eziphelayo, ziguqula imfucuza ibe yi-feedstock ehlanzekile kakhulu.
5. Umngcele Omusha Wokuncintisana: Ukusebenzisana Kwezinhlelo Zemvelo
Njengoba ukuncintisana emakethe kukhula, impumelelo incike ekubambisaneni okunesu:
（1）Ukuhlanganiswa Okuqondile: Abaholi abanjengoCoorsTek kanye ne-KYOCERA bathola izimayini ze-silicon carbide feedstock ukuze bavikele izintambo zokuphakelwa.
（2）Ukubambisana Kwezimboni Ezihlukahlukene: Ama-giant ezimoto (isib. i-Tesla) asebenzisana ekwakheni amadiski amabhuleki e-SiC ceramic nabaphakeli bezinto zokwakha, ehlose ukunciphisa isisindo ngo-50% uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi ephonswe ngensimbi.
（3）Amapulatifomu Okusungula Izinto Ezivulekile: I-Global SiC Consortium, eyasungulwa ngo-2023, ihlanganisa izinsiza ze-R&D ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezingaphezu kuka-50 ukuze kwenziwe izinqubo zokuhlola zifane futhi kusheshiswe izinqubo zokuqinisekisa.
6. Izimakethe Ezisafufusa Ezichaza Kabusha Isifunda Sesidingo
Ngenkathi izimakethe zendabuko zivuthwa, kuvela iziqalo ezintsha zokukhula:
（1）INingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia: Izakhiwo ze-semiconductor eMalaysia naseVietnam zizoletha amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-1.2 ezidingweni ze-SiC ceramic zesifunda ngo-2027.
(2) I-Afrika: Amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa izimayini esifundeni saseCopperbelt adinga izingxenye zokugqoka ezisekelwe ku-SiC, okudala imakethe ekhethekile ebiza amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-300.
（3）Ingqalasizinda ye-Arctic: Njengoba imizila ye-polar ivuleka, izitsha ze-SiC zibalulekile kuma-sensor amelana neqhwa kanye namaseli kaphethiloli aphansi ezindaweni zokuthutha ze-Arctic.
Isiphetho: Ukuzulazula ku-SiC Ceramics Renaissance
Imboni ye-silicon carbide ceramics imi endaweni yokukhula, lapho isifiso sobuchwepheshe sihlangabezana nokuphuthuma kwezepolitiki kanye nezemvelo. Njengoba inani lemakethe elibikezelwe lizodlula amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-12 ngo-2030, ukukhula kwayo kuzokwakhiwa hhayi nje yizakhiwo ezibonakalayo, kodwa nangendlela ababambiqhaza abangakwenza ngayo ngempumelelo:
- Sebenzisa izindlela zokuxhasa ngezimali zomphakathi nezizimele
- Vala igebe lamathalente ngezinhlelo ezikhethekile zobunjiniyela be-ceramic
- Thuthukisa izintambo zokuhlinzeka ezisheshayo nezinezigaba eziningi
- Qondanisa imephu yendlela yomkhiqizo nemigomo yentuthuko esimeme ye-UN
Kumabhizinisi acabanga phambili, i-silicon carbide ceramics imelela okungaphezu nje kwezinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu—iyimpahla ebalulekile emjahweni womhlaba wonke wobukhosi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezimboni okusimeme. Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi i-SiC ceramics izoshintsha yini izimboni, kodwa ukuthi izinhlangano zingazivumelanisa ngokushesha kangakanani nokusebenzisa amandla azo aphelele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Mashi-19-2025