Ibumba rya silicon carbide (SiC), izwiho imbaraga zidasanzwe, ubukana bwazo, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, no kwihanganira ingese, yiteguye guhindura inganda kuva ku ngufu kugeza ku by’ikirere. Uretse inyungu zabyo z’ibanze, ikoranabuhanga, politiki, no kuramba biri gutuma ibintu bya SiC ceramics bikura mu buryo butigeze bubaho. Iyi nkuru irasuzuma amahirwe yo guhindura iterambere rya SiC ceramics, yibanda ku miterere y’isoko, udushya, n’impinduka mu nganda ku isi zitandukanya inzira yazo y’ejo hazaza n’ikoreshwa risanzwe.
1. Kwaguka kw'isoko bikabije bitewe n'ubusabe bw'inganda zitandukanye
Isoko ry’isi rya SiC ceramics riteganijwe kwiyongera ku kigero cya CAGR cya 9.2% kuva mu 2024 kugeza mu 2030, bitewe n’uruhare rudasimburwa rwaryo mu ikoranabuhanga ry’igihe kizaza:
（1）Ubushobozi bwa Semiconductor: Nk'inkingi y'amashanyarazi mu byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi ya elegitoroniki (EV) no mu byuma bikoresha ingufu zisubira, ibikoresho bya SiC ceramic substrates ni ingenzi cyane ku bikoresho bifite voltage nyinshi kandi bifite frequency nyinshi. Urwego rwa EV rwonyine rwitezweho kuzamura 30% by'ubusabe bwa SiC mu 2030.
（2）Ubukungu bw'Ibintu Bihari: Hateganyijwe ko satelite zirenga 15.000 zizakoreshwa muri iki gihe cy'imyaka icumi, SiC ceramics ni ingenzi cyane ku bice byoroheje kandi birwanya imirasire mu bikoresho bya satelite thrusters n'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe.
（3）Impinduka ya Hydrogen: Imashini zitunganya hydrogen zikomeye (SOEC) zikoresha hydrogen y’icyatsi kibisi zishingira ku buryo SiC ihamye mu bidukikije bikomeye bya redox, zigahuza n’intego zo gukuraho karubone ku isi.
2. Politiki Mpuzamahanga Ihindura Imiyoboro y'Ingufu
Guverinoma zishyira imbere ibikoresho bya SiC mu ngamba z’igihugu:
（1）Itegeko rya US CHIPS: Ritanga miliyari 52 z'amadolari yo gukomeza urusobe rw'ibikoresho bya semiconductor, aho umusaruro wa SiC wafer uhabwa inkunga yihariye.
（2）Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu y’Ubushinwa: Igena ibibumbano bigezweho nk’ “ibikoresho bishya by’ingenzi,” bigamije ko 70% by’abaturage bihaza mu bice bya SiC bitarenze umwaka wa 2025.
（3）Itegeko ry’Ibikoresho by’ingenzi by’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’u Burayi: Rishyira karubide ya silikoni mu rutonde rw’ibikoresho by’ingenzi, rigashishikariza umusaruro wo mu gihugu kugira ngo bigabanye kwishingikiriza ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga byo muri Aziya.
3. Guhindura ikoranabuhanga mu nganda
Iterambere mu gukora no gutunganya ibintu riri gutsinda imbogamizi zabayeho mu mateka:
（1）Gukora inyongeramusaruro: Icapiro rya 3D rishingiye kuri laser ubu rituma ibice bya SiC bitoroshye, bifite ishusho ya hafi ya net bifite ubuziranenge buri munsi ya 20 μm, bigabanya imyanda y'ibikoresho ku kigero cya 40%.
（2）Gutunganya Uburyo Bushingiye ku Buhanga bwa AI: Algorithm zo kwigira ku mashini zigabanya ibihe byo gushwanyaguza ho 35% mu gihe zongerera imbaraga zo gushwanyagurika ho 25%.
（3）Kuzamuka kwa Quantum mu Buziranenge: Gushyira umwuka mu mubiri mu buryo bwa plasma (PE-CVD) bitanga 99.9995% bya SiC pure coating, bigatuma habaho uburyo bwo gusimbuza ingingo n'imashini zitera amenyo.
4. Kuramba nk'uburyo bwo kwihutisha iterambere
Ibumba rya SiC riri kuba inkingi ikomeye y'inganda zizengurutse:
（1）Ishobora Guteza Imbere Karuboni: Imashini zikora SiC zituma imikorere ya catalytic irushaho kuba myiza muri sisitemu zo gufata karuboni ku kigero cya 18%, zigashyigikira intego za zeru.
（2）Ubuhanga mu mibereho: Ugereranije n'ibyuma gakondo, ibice bya SiC mu itanura ry'inganda bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu ho 22% mu gihe cy'imyaka 10+.
（3）Guhanga mu Gutunganya Ibintu: Uburyo bushya bwo gukoresha amazi mu byuma bikoresha amashanyarazi bugarura 95% bya SiC mu bice bipfa, bugahindura imyanda mo ibiryo bifite isuku nyinshi.
5. Umupaka Mushya w'Irushanwa: Ubufatanye mu Rusobe rw'Ibidukikije
Uko ipiganwa ku isoko rirushaho kwiyongera, intsinzi ishingiye ku bufatanye bw’ingamba:
（1）Guhuza Ibikoresho Bihagaze: Abayobozi nka CoorsTek na KYOCERA barimo kugura ibirombe bya silikoni bya karuboni kugira ngo babone uburyo bwo kubitanga.
（2）Ubufatanye mu nganda zitandukanye: Ibigo bikomeye by’imodoka (urugero, Tesla) birimo gukorana mu gutunganya disiki za feri za SiC zikozwe mu ruganda hamwe n’abatanga ibikoresho, hagamijwe kugabanya ibiro 50% ugereranije n’ibyuma bikozwe mu ruganda.
（3）Public Innovation Platforms: Ishyirahamwe Mpuzamahanga rya SiC Consortium, ryatangijwe mu 2023, rihuriza hamwe inkunga y’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere iturutse mu bigo birenga 50 kugira ngo habeho uburyo bwo guhuza protocole zo gupima no kwihutisha inzira zo gutanga ibyemezo.
6. Isoko Rikiri Gushya mu Gusobanura Ubushakashatsi ku Bikenewe
Mu gihe amasoko gakondo akura, hari ibintu bishya by’iterambere birimo kugaragara:
（1）Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba: Inganda zikora ibikoresho bya semiconductor muri Maleziya na Vietnam zizatuma umubare w'ibikoresho bya SiC mu karere urushaho kwiyongera bitarenze umwaka wa 2027.
(2) Afurika: Imishinga yo kuvugurura ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro mu karere ka Copperbelt isaba ibikoresho bya SiC byo kwambara, bigatuma isoko ryihariye rigura miliyoni 300 z'amadolari.
（3） Ibikorwaremezo bya Arctique: Mu gihe inzira zo mu gice cy'izuba zifunguye, ibumba rya SiC ni ingenzi ku bikoresho birwanya urubura n'uturemangingo twa lisansi dushyuha cyane mu bice by'ingenzi bya Arctique.
Umwanzuro: Gukoresha uburyo bwa SiC Ceramics Renaissance
Inganda zikora ibumba rya silikoni zihagaze neza cyane, aho intego y’ikoranabuhanga ihura n’ibyihutirwa bya politiki n’ibidukikije. Hamwe n’agaciro k’isoko kateganijwe ko kazarenga miliyari 12 z’amadolari mu 2030, iterambere ryaryo rizashingira ku miterere y’ibikoresho gusa, ahubwo n’uburyo abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gukora neza:
- Gukoresha uburyo bwo gutera inkunga leta n'abikorera ku giti cyabo
- Kuziba icyuho cy'impano binyuze muri gahunda zihariye z'ubuhanga mu by'ubudozi
- Guteza imbere imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ikora mu buryo bwihuse kandi bufite ibyiciro byinshi
- Huza gahunda z'ibikorwa bigamije iterambere rirambye rya Loni
Ku bigo bitekereza ku bya kera, silicon carbide ceramics zigaragaza ibirenze ibikoresho bikora neza cyane—ni umutungo w’ingenzi mu isiganwa ry’ubusugire bw’ikoranabuhanga n’inganda zirambye. Ikibazo ntikikiri niba SiC ceramics izahindura inganda, ahubwo ni uburyo imiryango ishobora kwihuta kugira ngo ikoreshe ubushobozi bwayo bwose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-19-2025