Ngā uku hākawa silicon (SiC), e mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna kaha whakaharahara, tōna pakeketanga, tōna ātete ki te pāmahana teitei, me tōna manawanui ki te waikura, kua rite rātou ki te huri i ngā ahumahi mai i te pūngao ki te rererangi. Haunga ō rātou painga ā-roto, ko te whenua e whanake haere ana o te hangarau, te kaupapa here, me te pumau kei te akiaki i ngā whai wāhitanga tipu kore i kitea i mua mō ngā uku SiC. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tirohanga whanaketanga whakarerekētanga o ngā uku SiC, me te arotahi ki ngā hihiri mākete, ngā au auahatanga, me ngā nekehanga ahumahi o te ao e wehewehe ana i tōna huarahi ā-muri mai i ngā tono tuku iho.
1. Te Whanuitanga o te Mākete i Ārahihia e te Hiahia ā-Ahumahi
E matapaetia ana ka tipu te mākete uku SiC o te ao i te CAGR o te 9.2% mai i te tau 2024 ki te 2030, nā te mea he tūranga nui tōna i roto i ngā hangarau o te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei:
（1）Te Mana o te Pūhiko Ā-Haumaru: Hei pou tuara o ngā hikohiko mana i roto i ngā EV me ngā pūnaha pūngao hou, he mea nui ngā papa uku SiC mō ngā taputapu ngaohiko teitei, auau teitei. E matapaetia ana ko te rāngai EV anake ka akiaki i te 30% o te tono SiC i te tau 2030.
（2）Ōhanga Ātea: Neke atu i te 15,000 ngā amiorangi kua whakaritea kia whakarewaina i tēnei tekau tau, he mea nui ngā uku SiC mō ngā wāhanga mama, ātete-ira i roto i ngā pana amiorangi me ngā parenga wera.
（3）Te Huringa Hauwai: Ko ngā kaiwhakamātautau waikura totoka (SOEC) mō te hanga hauwai matomato e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pumau o te SiC i roto i ngā taiao redox tino kino, e hangai ana ki ngā whāinga tango waro o te ao.
2. Ngā Kaupapa Here o te Ao e Hurihuri Ana i ngā Mekameka Tuku
Kei te whakatairangahia e ngā kāwanatanga ngā uku SiC i roto i ngā mahere rautaki ā-motu:
（1）Te Ture Maramara o Amerika: Ka tohaina te $52 piriona hei whakapakari i ngā mekameka tuku haurua-haurua, me te whiwhi tautoko kua whakaritea mō te hanga wafer SiC.
（2）Te Mahere Tau Rima 14 o Haina: Te tohu i ngā uku matatau hei "rauemi hou matua", me te whai kia 70% te mana motuhake o te whare mō ngā wāhanga SiC i te tau 2025.
（3）Te Ture Rauemi Mata Tino Hira o te EU: Kei roto i tana rārangi rauemi rautaki te silicon carbide, e whakatenatena ana i te hanga ā-rohe kia whakaitihia te whakawhirinaki ki ngā kawemai Āhia.
3. Te Pekepeke Hangarau i roto i te Hanganga
Kei te wikitoria ngā putanga hou o te hanga me te tukatuka i ngā arai o mua:
（1）Te Hanganga Tāpiri: Mā te tānga 3D e hangai ana ki te taiaho ka taea te hanga i ngā wāhanga SiC matatini, tata ki te āhua kupenga, me te tika o raro i te 20 μm, ka whakaitihia te para rauemi mā te 40%.
（2）Te Arotautanga Tukanga e Ārahihia ana e te AI: Kei te whakaitihia e ngā rauropi ako mīhini ngā wā whakapūmau mā te 35%, me te whakarei ake i te pakari o te pakaru mā te 25%.
（3）Te Pekenga Parakore o te Irahiko: Ka tutuki i te 99.9995% ngā paninga SiC parakore mā te whakatakotoranga kohu matū whakarei ake i te plasma (PE-CVD), ka huakina ngā tono hauora i roto i ngā whakakapinga hononga me ngā tākai niho.
4. Te Oranga Tonu hei Kaikawe Tipu
Kei te noho ko ngā uku SiC hei poutokomanawa mō ngā pūnaha ahumahi porowhita:
（1）Whakahohe i te Kore Waro: Ka whakapai ake ngā tauhohenga SiC i te whai huatanga o te whakatere i roto i ngā pūnaha hopu waro mā te 18%, e tautoko tika ana i ngā whāinga kore-kore.
（2）Te Hiranga o te Huringa Ora: Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā konganuku tuku iho, ka whakaitihia e ngā wāhanga SiC i roto i ngā oumu ahumahi te whakapaunga pūngao mā te 22% i roto i tō rātou roanga ora 10+ tau.
（3）Te Auahatanga Hangarua: Ka whakahokia mai e ngā tukanga wai-whakarewa hou te 95% o te SiC mai i ngā wāhanga kua mutu te ora, ka hurihia te para hei rauemi whāngai parakore.
5. Te Rohe Whakataetae Hou: Te Mahi Tahi a te Pūnaha Rauropi
I te kaha haere o te whakataetae mākete, ko te angitu e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā hononga rautaki:
（1）Whakaurunga Poutū: Kei te hoko mai ngā kaiārahi pēnei i a CoorsTek me KYOCERA i ngā maina whāngai silicon carbide hei pupuri i ngā mekameka tuku.
（2）Ngā Hononga Ahumahi-maha: Kei te whakawhanake tahi ngā kamupene motuka nunui (hei tauira, a Tesla) i ngā kōpae parai uku SiC me ngā kaiwhakarato rauemi, me te whai kia 50% te whakaiti i te taumaha ki te rino maka.
（3）Ngā Pūhara Auaha Tuwhera: Ko te Global SiC Consortium, i whakarewaina i te tau 2023, e kohikohi ana i ngā rauemi R&D mai i te 50+ ngā whakahaere hei whakataurite i ngā kawa whakamātautau me te whakateretere i ngā tukanga tiwhikete.
6. Ngā Mākete Pūkenga e Whakahou Ana i te Ahua o te Hiahia
Ahakoa te pakari o ngā mākete tuku iho, kei te puta ake ngā pūwāhi tipu hou:
（1）Āhia ki te Tonga Rawhiti: Ka piki ake te tono uku SiC ā-rohe ki te $1.2 piriona i te tau 2027 nā ngā whare hanga hiko i Mareia me Whitināmu.
（2）Āwherika: Ko ngā kaupapa whakahou maina i te rohe o Copperbelt e hiahia ana ki ngā wāhanga kakahu SiC, ka hangaia he mākete motuhake e $300 miriona.
（3）Hanganga Ātiki: I te tuwheratanga o ngā ara porowhita, he mea nui ngā uku SiC mō ngā pūoko ātete-hukapapa me ngā pūtau wahie pāmahana-iti i roto i ngā pokapū kawe waka Ātiki.
Whakamutunga: Te Whakatere i te Whakahoutanga o ngā Uku SiC
Kei te tū te umanga uku silicon carbide i tētahi wāhi e tūtaki ai te wawata hangarau ki te hihiri ā-ao me te hihiri taiao. Me te uara mākete e matapaetia ana ka neke atu i te $12 piriona i te tau 2030, ka hangaia tōna tipu ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga rauemi anake, engari ko te whai huatanga o ngā kaipupuri hea:
- Whakamahia ngā tikanga putea ā-iwi-tūmataiti
- Whakakīia te āputa o ngā pūkenga mā roto i ngā kaupapa hangarau uku motuhake
- Whakawhanakehia he mekameka tuku tere, maha-taumata
- Whakahāngai i ngā mahere hua ki ngā Whāinga Whakawhanake Tauwhiro a te UN
Mō ngā umanga e anga whakamua ana, ehara i te mea he rauemi mahi-teitei ngā uku silicon carbide—he rawa rautaki rātou i roto i te whakataetae o te ao mō te mana motuhake hangarau me te ahumahi pumau. Ehara i te mea ko te pātai mēnā ka hurihia e ngā uku SiC ngā ahumahi, engari ko te tere o te urutau a ngā whakahaere ki te whakamahi i ō rātou pūmanawa katoa.
Wā tuku: Maehe-19-2025