Iiseramikhi zeSilicon carbide (SiC), ezidume ngamandla azo angaqhelekanga, ubulukhuni, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, zikulungele ukuguqula amashishini ukusuka kumandla ukuya kwi-aerospace. Ngaphandle kweenzuzo zazo zezinto ezibonakalayo, imeko-bume eguqukayo yetekhnoloji, umgaqo-nkqubo, kunye nokuzinza iqhuba amathuba okukhula angazange abonwe ngaphambili kwi-SiC ceramics. Eli nqaku liphonononga amathuba ophuhliso oluguqukayo lwe-SiC ceramics, ligxile kwi-dynamics yemarike, iindlela ezintsha, kunye notshintsho lwemizi-mveliso yehlabathi oluhlula indlela yayo yexesha elizayo kwizicelo zesiqhelo.
1. Ukwanda Okukhulu Kwemarike Okuqhutywa Yimfuno Yamashishini Ahlukeneyo
Imarike yehlabathi ye-SiC ceramics kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kwi-CAGR ye-9.2% ukusuka ngo-2024 ukuya ku-2030, ikhuthazwa yindima yayo engenakutshintshwa kubuchwepheshe besizukulwana esilandelayo:
（1）Ulawulo lweSemiconductor: Njengomqolo we-elektroniki yamandla kwii-EV kunye neenkqubo zamandla avuselelekayo, ii-substrates ze-ceramic zeSiC zibalulekile kwizixhobo ezine-voltage ephezulu, ezisebenzisa i-frequency ephezulu. Icandelo le-EV lodwa kulindeleke ukuba liqhube i-30% yemfuno yeSiC ngo-2030.
（2）Uqoqosho Lwasesithubeni: Njengoko iisathelayithi ezingaphezu kwe-15,000 zicwangciselwe ukuqaliswa kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo, iiseramikhi zeSiC zibalulekile kwizinto ezikhaphukhaphu nezimelana nemitha kwiithruster zesathelayithi kunye nezikhuselo zobushushu.
（3）Inguqu yeHydrogen: Ii-electrolyzers ze-oxide eqinileyo (SOEC) zemveliso yehydrogen eluhlaza zixhomekeke kuzinzo lweSiC kwiindawo ezixineneyo ze-redox, zihambelana neenjongo zehlabathi zokususa icarbonization.
2. Umgaqo-nkqubo weHlabathi weTailwinds oguqula iiKhonkco zoNikezelo
Oorhulumente babeka phambili iiseramikhi zeSiC kwizicwangciso zesicwangciso-qhinga sikazwelonke:
（1）US CHIPS Act: Yabela i-$52 yeebhiliyoni ukuqinisa uthungelwano lokubonelela nge-semiconductor, kwaye imveliso ye-SiC wafer ifumana inkxaso-mali ejoliswe kuyo.
（2）Isicwangciso seminyaka emihlanu se-14 saseTshayina: Sichaza iiseramikhi eziphambili njenge "zinto ezintsha ezibalulekileyo," sijolise ekubeni i-70% yasekhaya ikwazi ukuzimela kwiinxalenye zeSiC ngo-2025.
（3）UMthetho weZinto eziKhawulezayo ze-EU: Ubandakanya i-silicon carbide kuluhlu lwayo lwezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo, nto leyo ekhuthaza imveliso yasekuhlaleni ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwiimveliso ezivela e-Asia.
3. Ukuqhubela phambili kweTekhnoloji kwiMveliso
Ubuchule bokwenziwa kunye nokucubungula buyoyisa iingxaki zembali:
（1）Ukwenziwa kweZongezo: Ukuprinta kwe-3D okusekwe kwi-laser ngoku kuvumela izixhobo ze-SiC ezintsonkothileyo, ezikwimo ekufutshane ne-net ezine-<20 μm ngokuchanekileyo, okunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto nge-40%.
（2）Ukuphuculwa kweNkqubo eqhutywa yi-AI: Ii-algorithms zokufunda koomatshini zinciphisa amaxesha okusila ngama-35% ngelixa zonyusa ukuqina kokuqhekeka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-25%.
（3）Ukunyuka kweQuantum kwiPurity: Ukufakwa komphunga wekhemikhali ophuculweyo ngePlasma (PE-CVD) kufikelela kwi-99.9995% ye-SiC coatings ecocekileyo, kuvula usetyenziso lwe-biomedical kwiindawo zokutshintshwa kwamalungu kunye nee-implants zamazinyo.
4. Uzinzo njengeSikhawuleziso sokuKhula
Iiseramikhi zeSiC ziba yinxalenye ephambili yeenkqubo zoshishino ezijikelezayo:
（1）Isincedisi sokungathathi cala kwekhabhoni: Ii-reactors ezine-SiC ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-catalytic kwiinkqubo zokubamba ikhabhoni nge-18%, zixhasa ngokuthe ngqo iinjongo ze-net-zero.
（2）Umgangatho woBomi: Xa kuthelekiswa neentsimbi zemveli, izinto zeSiC ezikwiifeni zoshishino zinciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngama-22% kwiminyaka yazo eli-10 nangaphezulu yobomi.
（3）Uhlaziyo Lokusetyenziswa Kabutsha: Iinkqubo ezintsha ze-hydrometallurgical zibuyisa i-95% ye-SiC kwizinto eziphelayo, ziguqula inkunkuma ibe yi-feedstock ecocekileyo kakhulu.
5. Umngcele Omtsha Wokhuphiswano: Intsebenziswano Yenkqubo Yendalo
Njengoko ukhuphiswano lwemarike lusiya lusanda, impumelelo ixhomekeke kubudlelwane obucwangcisiweyo:
（1）Ukuhlanganiswa Okuthe Tye: Iinkokheli ezifana neCoorsTek kunye neKYOCERA zithenga imigodi ye-silicon carbide ukuze zikhusele uthungelwano lokubonelela.
（2）Intsebenziswano phakathi kwamashishini ahlukeneyo: Iinkampani ezinkulu zeemoto (umz., iTesla) ziphuhlisa iidiski zeebrake ze-SiC ceramic kunye nababoneleli bezinto eziphathekayo, zijolise ekunciphiseni ubunzima nge-50% xa kuthelekiswa nentsimbi ephosiweyo.
（3）Amaqonga Okuvelisa Izinto Ezintsha Avulekileyo: I-Global SiC Consortium, eyasungulwa ngo-2023, ihlanganisa izixhobo zophando nophuhliso ezivela kwimibutho engaphezu kwama-50 ukuze kulungelelaniswe imigaqo yovavanyo kwaye kukhawuleziswe iinkqubo zokuqinisekisa.
6. IJografi yeeMarike eziKhulayo ezichaza ngokutsha iMfuno
Ngelixa iimarike zemveli zikhula, kuvela iindawo ezintsha ezibangela ukukhula:
（1）UMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia: Iifektri ze-semiconductor eMalaysia naseVietnam ziya kunyusa i-$1.2 yezigidigidi kwimfuno ye-ceramic yengingqi ye-SiC ngo-2027.
(2) Afrika: Iiprojekthi zokuhlaziya imigodi kummandla weCopperbelt zifuna izixhobo zokunxiba ezisekelwe kwiSiC, nto leyo edala imakethi ekhethekileyo exabisa i-$300 yezigidi.
（3）Iziseko zeArctic: Njengoko iindlela zePolar zivuleka, iiSiC ceramics zibalulekile kwiisensa ezimelana nomkhenkce kunye neeseli zamafutha ezinobushushu obuphantsi kwiindawo zothutho lweArctic.
Isiphelo: Ukuhambahamba kwiSiC Ceramics Renaissance
Ishishini le-silicon carbide ceramics limi kwindawo yokunyuka kwesantya, apho iminqweno yetekhnoloji ihlangabezana nokungxamiseka kwezopolitiko kunye nokusingqongileyo. Njengoko ixabiso lemarike eliqikelelweyo liza kudlula i-$12 yeebhiliyoni ngo-2030, ukukhula kwalo akuyi kubunjwa ziimpawu zezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela, kodwa nangendlela abachaphazelekayo abanokwenza ngayo oku:
- Sebenzisa iindlela zokuxhasa ngemali karhulumente nabucala
- Vala umsantsa weetalente ngeenkqubo zobunjineli be-ceramic ezikhethekileyo
- Phuhlisa imixokelelwane yokubonelela ekhawulezayo nenemigangatho emininzi
- Lungelelanisa iindlela zemveliso neenjongo zoPhuhliso oluZinzileyo lwe-UN
Kumashishini acinga phambili, ii-silicon carbide ceramics zimele okungaphezulu nje kwezinto ezisebenza kakuhle—ziyimpahla ebalulekileyo kugqatso lwehlabathi lokuzimela kwezobuchwepheshe kunye nophuhliso oluzinzileyo lwemizi-mveliso. Umbuzo awusekho wokuba ii-SiC ceramics ziya kutshintsha na amashishini, kodwa kukuba imibutho inokuziqhelanisa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ukuze isebenzise amandla ayo apheleleyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Matshi-19-2025