Zida za silicon carbide (SiC), odziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zapadera, kuuma kwawo, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupirira dzimbiri, ali okonzeka kusintha mafakitale kuyambira mphamvu mpaka ndege. Kupatula zabwino zawo zakuthupi, kusintha kwa ukadaulo, mfundo, ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu kukuyendetsa mwayi wokulirapo wa SiC ceramics. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kuthekera kosintha kwa SiC ceramics, kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusintha kwa msika, njira zatsopano, ndi kusintha kwa mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi komwe kumasiyanitsa njira yake yamtsogolo ndi ntchito zachikhalidwe.
1. Kukula kwa Msika Mwachangu Chifukwa cha Kufunika kwa Makampani Osiyanasiyana
Msika wapadziko lonse wa SiC ceramics ukuyembekezeka kukula pa CAGR ya 9.2% kuyambira 2024 mpaka 2030, chifukwa cha gawo lake losasinthika muukadaulo wa m'badwo wotsatira:
（1）Kulamulira kwa Semiconductor: Monga maziko a zamagetsi zamagetsi mu ma EV ndi machitidwe amagetsi obwezerezedwanso, ma substrates a SiC ceramic ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazida zamagetsi amphamvu komanso zama frequency apamwamba. Gawo la EV lokha likuyembekezeka kuyendetsa 30% ya kufunikira kwa SiC pofika chaka cha 2030.
（2）Zachuma Chamlengalenga: Ndi ma satellite opitilira 15,000 omwe akuyembekezeka kuyambitsidwa m'zaka khumi zino, ma ceramic a SiC ndi ofunikira kwambiri pazinthu zopepuka, zosagwira ma radiation mu ma satellite thrusters ndi zishango zotenthetsera.
（3） Kusintha kwa Hydrogen: Ma electrolyzers olimba a oxide (SOEC) opangira haidrojeni wobiriwira amadalira kukhazikika kwa SiC m'malo ovuta kwambiri a redox, mogwirizana ndi zolinga zapadziko lonse lapansi za decarbonization.
2. Ndondomeko Yapadziko Lonse Yosintha Maunyolo Opereka Zinthu
Maboma akuika patsogolo zinthu za SiC ceramics m'mapulani adziko lonse:
（1）US CHIPS Act: Imagawa $52 biliyoni kuti ilimbikitse unyolo woperekera zinthu za semiconductor, ndipo kupanga kwa SiC wafer kumalandira ndalama zothandizira.
（2）Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14 ku China: Imasankha zoumba zapamwamba ngati "zinthu zatsopano zofunika kwambiri," zomwe cholinga chake ndi 70% yokwanira zinthu za SiC m'nyumba pofika chaka cha 2025.
（3）EU Critical Raw Materials Act: Ikuphatikiza silicon carbide pamndandanda wake wazinthu zofunika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kupanga zinthu zakunja kuchepe kudalira zinthu zochokera ku Asia.
3. Kusinthasintha kwa Ukadaulo mu Kupanga Zinthu
Kupita patsogolo kwa kupanga ndi kukonza zinthu kukugonjetsa zovuta zakale:
（1）Kupanga Zowonjezera: Kusindikiza kwa 3D kochokera ku laser tsopano kumalola zigawo zovuta za SiC, zomwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi ukonde, zomwe zimachepetsa zinyalala za zinthu ndi 40%.
（2）Kukonza Njira Zoyendetsedwa ndi AI: Ma algorithms ophunzirira makina akuchepetsa nthawi yowuma ndi 35% pomwe akuwonjezera kulimba kwa kusweka ndi 25%.
（3）Kudumpha kwa Quantum mu Chiyero: Kuyika kwa plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) kumakwaniritsa 99.9995% zophimba za SiC zoyera, ndikutsegula ntchito zamankhwala m'malo olumikizirana mafupa ndi zoyika mano.
4. Kukhazikika monga Chothandizira Kukula
SiC ceramics ikukhala maziko a machitidwe ozungulira a mafakitale:
（1）Chothandizira Kusalowererapo kwa Mpweya: Ma reactor okhala ndi SiC amathandizira kuti zinthu zigwire bwino ntchito m'makina olandirira mpweya ndi 18%, zomwe zimathandiza mwachindunji zolinga za zero.
（2）Kupambana kwa Moyo: Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zachikhalidwe, zigawo za SiC zomwe zili mu uvuni wamafakitale zimachepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 22% pa moyo wawo wa zaka 10+.
（3）Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu Zatsopano: Njira zatsopano zogwiritsira ntchito madzi zimabwezeretsa 95% ya SiC kuchokera ku zinthu zomwe zimafa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinyalala zikhale zoyera kwambiri.
5. Mpikisano Watsopano: Mgwirizano wa Zachilengedwe
Pamene mpikisano wa msika ukukulirakulira, kupambana kumadalira mgwirizano wanzeru:
（1）Kuphatikizana Kolunjika: Atsogoleri monga CoorsTek ndi KYOCERA akupeza migodi ya silicon carbide kuti apeze unyolo woperekera zinthu.
（2）Mgwirizano wa Makampani Osiyanasiyana: Makampani akuluakulu a magalimoto (monga Tesla) akupanga ma disk a mabuleki a SiC ceramic ndi ogulitsa zinthu, cholinga chawo ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa 50% poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chopangidwa ndi cast steel.
（3）Mapulogalamu Otseguka Opanga Zinthu Zatsopano: Bungwe la Global SiC Consortium, lomwe linayambitsidwa mu 2023, limasonkhanitsa zinthu zofufuza ndi chitukuko kuchokera ku mabungwe opitilira 50 kuti likhazikitse njira zoyesera ndikufulumizitsa njira zotsimikizira.
6. Misika Yatsopano Yofotokozeranso Kufunika kwa Malo
Pamene misika yachikhalidwe ikukula, pali zinthu zatsopano zomwe zikuyambitsa kukula:
（1）Kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia: Makampani opanga zinthu zoyezera kutentha ku Malaysia ndi Vietnam adzafuna ndalama zokwana $1.2 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2027.
(2) Africa: Mapulojekiti amakono a migodi m'chigawo cha Copperbelt amafunikira zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi SiC, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msika ukhale ndi ndalama zokwana $300 miliyoni.
（3）Njira Zachilengedwe Zaku Arctic: Pamene njira za polar zikutseguka, ma ceramic a SiC ndi ofunikira kwambiri pa masensa osagwa ndi ayezi komanso ma cell amafuta otentha kwambiri m'malo osungiramo zinthu ku Arctic.
Kutsiliza: Kuyenda mu SiC Ceramics Renaissance
Makampani opanga zinthu zopangidwa ndi silicon carbide ali pamalo ofunikira kwambiri, pomwe cholinga chaukadaulo chikukumana ndi kufunika kwa dziko komanso chilengedwe. Popeza mtengo wamsika ukuyembekezeka kupitirira $12 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2030, kukula kwake kudzapangidwa osati ndi zinthu zakuthupi zokha, komanso momwe okhudzidwa ndi izi angathandizire:
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira zothandizira ndalama za boma ndi zachinsinsi
- Sinthani kusiyana kwa luso kudzera mu mapulogalamu apadera a ceramic engineering
- Pangani unyolo wogulira zinthu wosavuta komanso wosiyanasiyana
- Gwirizanitsani mapu a zinthu ndi zolinga za UN Sustainable Development Goals
Kwa mabizinesi oganiza bwino, ma silicon carbide ceramics samangotanthauza zinthu zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri—ndi chuma chofunikira kwambiri pa mpikisano wapadziko lonse wa ukadaulo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika. Funso sililinso ngati ma SiC ceramics adzasintha mafakitale, koma momwe mabungwe angasinthire mwachangu kuti agwiritse ntchito mphamvu zawo zonse.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-19-2025