Zvigadzirwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide (SiC), inozivikanwa nesimba rayo rakasiyana, kuomarara, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, uye kutsungirira ngura, yakagadzirira kuchinja maindasitiri kubva kusimba kusvika kune emuchadenga. Kunze kwezvakanakira zvavo zvemukati, mamiriro ekuvandudza tekinoroji, mutemo, uye kuchengetedzeka kuri kutungamira mikana yekukura isingaenzaniswi yeSiC ceramics. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora mikana yekuvandudza SiC ceramics, ichitarisa pakuchinja kwemusika, mafambiro ekuvandudza, uye shanduko dzemaindasitiri epasi rose dzinosiyanisa nzira yayo yeramangwana kubva kumashandisirwo akajairika.
1. Kuwedzera Kwemusika Kunokurumidza Kukurumidziswa Nekuda Kwemaindasitiri Akasiyana-siyana
Musika wepasi rose weSiC ceramics unotarisirwa kukura paCAGR ye9.2% kubva muna 2024 kusvika 2030, zvichikonzerwa nebasa rayo risingatsiviwe muhunyanzvi hwechizvarwa chinotevera:
（1）Kutonga kweSemiconductor: Semusimboti wemagetsi emagetsi mumagetsi eEV uye masisitimu esimba rinodzokororwa, SiC ceramic substrates dzakakosha pamidziyo ine voltage yakawanda uye ine frequency yakakwira. Chikamu cheEV chega chinotarisirwa kufambisa 30% yekudiwa kweSiC panosvika 2030.
（2）Kupfuma Munzvimbo: Nemasatellite anopfuura 15,000 akarongerwa kutanga mumakore gumi ano, SiC ceramics inokosha kune zvikamu zvakareruka, zvisingapindi mwaranzi muma satellite thrusters uye thermal shield.
（3）Kuchinja kweHydrogen: Maelectrolyzer e-solid oxide (SOEC) ekugadzira hydrogen yakasvibirira anovimba nekugadzikana kweSiC munzvimbo dzakanyanya redox, zvichienderana nezvinangwa zvepasi rose zvekubvisa kabhoni.
2. Mutemo Wepasi Pose weTailwinds Unochinjazve Maketani Ezvekugovera
Hurumende dziri kuisa pamberi SiC ceramics muzvirongwa zvehurongwa hwenyika:
（1）US CHIPS Act: Inopa mari inosvika mabhiriyoni makumi mashanu nemaviri emadhora ekusimbisa macheni emagetsi e semiconductor, nekugadzirwa kweSiC wafer kuchiwana rubatsiro rwakanangana.
（2）Hurongwa hwemakore mashanu hwechi14 hweChina: Hunotara zviumbwa zvesimbi zvemhando yepamusoro se "chinhu chitsva chakakosha," zvichivavarira kuti 70% yezvivakwa zveSiC zvikwanise kuzviriritira panosvika gore ra2025.
（3）Mutemo weEU weZvinhu Zvinokosha: Unosanganisira silicon carbide mune runyorwa rwayo rwezvinhu zvine chekuita nehurongwa, zvichikurudzira kugadzirwa kwemuno kuderedza kuvimba nezvinhu zvinotengeswa kuAsia.
3. Kuchinja-chinja tekinoroji mukugadzira
Kubudirira mukugadzira nekugadzirisa kuri kukunda zvipingamupinyi zvekare:
（1）Kugadzira Zvinowedzerwa: Kudhinda kwe3D kwakavakirwa paLaser ikozvino kunogonesa zvikamu zveSiC zvakaoma, zvine chimiro chenet zvine <20 μm chaiyo, zvichideredza marara ezvinhu ne40%.
（2）Kugadzirisa Maitiro Ai: Maalgorithms ekudzidza kwemuchina ari kuderedza nguva yekupisa ne35% ukuwo achiwedzera kusimba kwekupwanyika kusvika ku25%.
（3）Kusvetuka kweQuantum muKuchena: Kuiswa kwePlasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PE-CVD) kunoita kuti SiC coatings ive yakachena ne99.9995%, zvichivhura mashandisirwo emishonga mukugadzirisa majoini uye ma implants emazino.
4. Kugara kwenguva refu senzira inokurumidza kukura
Zviumbwa zveSiC zviri kuva chinhu chikuru mumaindasitiri akaita sedenderedzwa:
（1）Carbon Neutrality Enabler: Ma reactor ane SiC anovandudza kushanda zvakanaka kwe catalytic mu carbon capture systems ne18%, zvichitsigira zvakananga zvinangwa zve net-zero.
（2）Kubudirira Kwenguva Yehupenyu: Zvichienzaniswa nesimbi dzechinyakare, zvikamu zveSiC mumaovheni emaindasitiri zvinoderedza kushandiswa kwesimba ne22% mukati memakore gumi zvichikwira ehupenyu hwazvo.
（3）Kudzokorodza Zvinhu Zvitsva: Maitiro matsva e hydrometallurgical anodzosa 95% yeSiC kubva kuzvinhu zvinoguma zvagadzirwa, zvichishandura marara kuita chikafu chakachena kwazvo.
5. Muganho Mutsva Wemakwikwi: Kushandira pamwe Kwezvakatipoteredza
Sezvo makwikwi emusika achikura, kubudirira kunoenderana nekudyidzana kwakarongeka:
（1）Kubatanidzwa Kwakatsetseka: Vatungamiriri vakaita saCoorsTek naKYOCERA vari kutenga migodhi yesilicon carbide kuti vawane cheni dzekutengesa.
（2）Kubatana Kwemaindasitiri Akabatana: Makambani makuru emotokari (semuenzaniso, Tesla) ari kugadzira pamwe chete madhisiki emabhureki eSiC ceramic nevatengesi vezvinhu, vachitarisira kudzikiswa kwehuremu ne50% zvichienzaniswa nesimbi yakakandwa.
（3）Mapuratifomu Ekuvandudza Akazaruka: Sangano reGlobal SiC Consortium, rakatangwa muna 2023, rinounganidza zviwanikwa zveR&D kubva kumasangano anopfuura makumi mashanu kuti riite kuti maitiro ekuyedza ave akaenzana uye kukurumidzisa maitiro ekupa zvitupa.
6. Misika Iri Kubudirira Inotsanangura Patsva Nzvimbo Yezvinodiwa
Kunyange zvazvo misika yechinyakare ichikura, zvinhu zvitsva zviri kubuda mukukura:
（1）Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweAsia: Makambani ekugadzira zvinhu zveSemiconductor muMalaysia neVietnam achawedzera kudiwa kweSiC ceramic yedunhu nemadhora mabhiriyoni 1.2 panosvika gore ra2027.
(2) Africa: Mapurojekiti ekuvandudza migodhi munharaunda yeCopperbelt anoda zvikamu zvekuchekwa zveSiC, zvichigadzira musika wepamusoro wemadhora mamiriyoni mazana matatu.
（3）Nzvimbo yeArctic: Sezvo nzira dzepolar dzichivhurika, SiC ceramics inokosha kuma sensors anodzivirira chando uye ma fuel cells anodziya zvishoma munzvimbo dzeArctic logistics hubs.
Mhedziso: Kufamba muSiC Ceramics Renaissance
Indasitiri yesimbi dzesilicon carbide ceramics iri padanho repamusoro, uko chinangwa chetekinoroji chinosangana nekukurumidzira kwezvematongerwo enyika uye nharaunda. Nekutarisirwa kwemutengo wemusika unodarika mabhiriyoni gumi nemaviri emadhora panosvika gore ra2030, kukura kwayo kuchaumbwa kwete chete nezvivakwa zvechisikigo, asi nekubudirira kwevane chekuita nazvo:
- Shandisa nzira dzekubatsira mari dzehurumende nedzemakambani
- Vhara musiyano wetarenda kuburikidza nemapurogiramu ehunyanzvi ekugadzira zveceramic
- Gadzirai cheni dzezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nekukurumidza uye zvine matanho akawanda
- Gadzirisa marongero ezvigadzirwa neUN Sustainable Development Goals
Kune makambani anofunga nezveramangwana, silicon carbide ceramics inomiririra zvinopfuura zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya—ipfuma yakakosha mumakwikwi epasi rose ekuzvitonga kwetekinoroji uye kusimudzira maindasitiri. Mubvunzo hausisiri wekuti SiC ceramics ichachinja maindasitiri here, asi kuti masangano anogona kukurumidza sei kugadzirisa kuti ashandise kugona kwawo kwakazara.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-19-2025