Kwimizi-mveliso yemichiza, amandla, nokukhusela imekobume, imibhobho ifana “nemithambo yegazi” yezixhobo, esoloko ithutha amajelo eendaba abalulekileyo. Kodwa ezinye iimeko zokusebenza zingabizwa ngokuthi "i-purgatory": indawo yokushisa ephezulu inokwenza isinyithi esithambileyo, i-acids eqinile kunye ne-alkali inokugqwala iindonga zemibhobho, kwaye ulwelo oluqulethe amasuntswana luya kuqhubeka nokubola kunye nokuguga. Kweli nqanaba, imibhobho yemveli ihlala inzima, ngelixaimibhobho ye-silicon carbidebasombulula ezi ngxaki ngobume bazo obungenakwaphuka.
Uzelwe Omelele: Igama Lokugqitha leSilicon Carbide
Amandla e-silicon carbide ceramics alele "kwimizila yemfuza" - i-silicon carbide ceramics yaziwa ngokuba "yidayimane emnyama" yecandelo lezoshishino, kunye neenzuzo ezintathu eziphambili.
Ukuqina kwayo ngaphaya kokuthelekelela, okwesibini kuphela kwidayimani kunye nokuphindwe kahlanu kobentsimbi eqhelekileyo. Xa ujongene nokhukuliseko lolwelo olunamasuntswana aqinileyo, kufana nokunxiba “isikrweqe esingagugiyo” esinganxitywa lula yaye esinobomi obude benkonzo kunemibhobho yentsimbi. Kwiimeko ezingqongileyo zobushushu obuphezulu, 'yinkosi epholileyo', nakwiqondo lobushushu elingamawakawaka eqondo lobushushu, ubume bayo buhlala buzinzile, ngokungafaniyo nentsimbi engatyiwayo eyehla ngesiquphe amandla kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kancinci. Kwaye inokumelana nokutshintsha kwamaqondo obushushu, kwaye ayiyi kuqhekeka nokuba ivele ngokukhawuleza kwimidiya yobushushu obuphezulu ebusika.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu "yitalente ye-anti-corrosion", enokuthiwa yi-acid-base "i-immune". Nokuba ziiasidi ezomeleleyo ezifana ne-asidi ye-sulfuric egxininisiweyo kunye ne-hydrofluoric acid, i-sodium hydroxide ephezulu kunye neziseko eziqinileyo, okanye ityuwa yokutshiza kunye nesinyithi esityhidiweyo, kunzima ukugqwala udonga lombhobho wayo. Oku kusombulula ingxaki enkulu yokubola kwemibhobho kunye nokuvuza kwiimeko ezininzi zemizi-mveliso.
Xa kuthelekiswa nesiko: kutheni ithembeke ngakumbi?
Xa kuthelekiswa nemibhobho yemveli, iadvanteji yemibhobho ye-silicon carbide inokuthiwa "lugwayimbo lokunciphisa umyinge".
Imibhobho yesinyithi ithanda ukuthamba kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye inokungena kwi-electrochemical corrosion xa ibekwe kwi-asidi kunye nealkali. Ukungcola kunokude kugqithise ngexesha lokuthuthwa kweendaba ezichanekileyo, ezichaphazela umgangatho wazo. Nangona imibhobho yeplastiki yobunjineli ikwazi ukumelana nomhlwa, umda wayo wokuxhathisa ubushushu uphantsi kakhulu, udla ngokuba ngaphantsi kwe-200 ℃, kwaye iyakwazi ukwaluphala kunye nokuqhekeka okunqabileyo. Imibhobho ye-ceramic eqhelekileyo iyaxhathisa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuguga, kodwa i-brittle kakhulu kwaye inokuqhekeka kunye nokuguquguquka okuncinci kobushushu.
Kwaye imibhobho ye-silicon carbide inqanda ngokugqibeleleyo ezi ntsilelo, kunye nezakhono ezintathu ezinkulu zokuqina, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nokumelana nokubola zisetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo, ezihlangabezana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno eziphambili zeshishini lanamhlanje "lokuphila ixesha elide, ukuzinza, kunye nokugcinwa okuncinci" kwemibhobho.
Ukungena kwishishini: Ubukho bayo bunokufumaneka kuyo yonke indawo
Namhlanje, imibhobho ye-silicon carbide iye yaba "ngumgangatho" kwiimeko ezininzi zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo. Kwishishini lemichiza, linoxanduva lokuthutha i-asidi edibeneyo kunye ne-alkali ngaphandle kokutshintshwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwa; Kwinkqubo ye-desulfurization kunye ne-denitrification yezityalo zamandla, inokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye nokufuma okuphezulu kweendawo ezinobungozi, kwaye ubomi bayo benkonzo bunokugqithisa iminyaka eyi-10.
Kwiifektri ze-semiconductor, i-ultra-high purity iqinisekisa ukungcola kwe-zero ekuthuthweni kweegesi ezihlambulukileyo, okwenza kube "umgangatho wegolide" wokuvelisa i-chip; Kwishishini le-metallurgical, inokuthutha iincinci zetsimbi ezinobushushu obuphezulu kunye ne-ore powders ngaphandle kokwesaba ukukhukuliseka kunye nokugqoka. Nakwishishini le-aerospace, i-gas ephezulu yobushushu beenjini ze-rocket ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwenkxaso yabo.
Ngokuphumelela kwetekhnoloji yasekhaya, iindleko zemibhobho ye-silicon ye-carbide yehle kakhulu, kwaye zinokuhlengahlengiswa kwiindawo ezivelayo ezifana namandla e-hydrogen kunye ne-aerospace ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zekhemikhali ezilungelelanisiweyo. Le' iGorha leDayimane 'kwimibhobho yemizi-mveliso isebenzisa amandla akhe ukukhusela ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwemizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-15-2025