Mu nganda zishinzwe kubungabunga imiti, ingufu, no kubungabunga ibidukikije, imiyoboro imeze nk' "imitsi y'amaraso" y'ibikoresho, ihora itwara ibikoresho by'ingenzi bitandukanye. Ariko hari imiterere y'akazi ishobora kwitwa "purgatori": ibidukikije bishyushye cyane bishobora gutuma ibyuma byoroha, aside ikomeye na alkali bishobora kwangiza inkuta z'imiyoboro, kandi ibinyabutabire birimo bizakomeza kwangirika no gusaza. Muri iki gihe, imiyoboro gakondo ikunze kugorana, mu giheimiyoboro ya karubide ya silikonibarimo gukemura ibi bibazo bakoresheje kamere yabo idakuka.
Born Strong: Ijambobanga ry'imikorere rya Silicon Carbide
Imbaraga za silicon carbide ceramics ziri mu "genes" zayo - silicon carbide ceramics zizwi nka "diyama y'umukara" mu rwego rw'inganda, zifite ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi.
Ubukomere bwayo burenze ubwenge, ikaba iya kabiri nyuma ya diyama kandi ikaba ikubye inshuro eshanu icyuma gisanzwe. Ihanganye n'isuri irimo uduce duto, ni nk'iyambara "igitambaro kidashira" kidapfa kwambarwa cyoroshye kandi kimara igihe kirekire kurusha imiyoboro y'icyuma. Mu bushyuhe bwinshi, ni "umuhanga utuje", ndetse no mu bushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi ibihumbi, imiterere yayo iguma ihamye, bitandukanye n'icyuma kidashira kigira igabanuka ritunguranye ry'imbaraga ku bushyuhe buri hejuru gato. Kandi ishobora kwihanganira impinduka zikomeye z'ubushyuhe, kandi ntizacika nubwo yahura n'ibintu bishyushye cyane mu gihe cy'itumba.
Ikintu cy'ingenzi cyane ni "ubuhanga bwayo bwo kurwanya ingese", bushobora kwitwa "ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri" bushingiye ku aside. Byaba ari aside zikomeye nka aside sulfurike na aside hydrofluoric, ingano nini ya sodium hydroxide n'ibice bikomeye, cyangwa se umunyu n'icyuma gishongeshejwe, biragoye kwangiza urukuta rw'imiyoboro yayo. Ibi bikemura ikibazo gikomeye cy'ingese n'amazi mu miyoboro myinshi.
Ugereranije n'imigenzo: kuki ari iyo kwizerwa kurushaho?
Ugereranyije n'imiyoboro gakondo, inyungu y'imiyoboro ya silicon carbide ishobora kuvugwa ko ari "igitero cyo kugabanya imiterere".
Imiyoboro y'ibyuma ikunze koroha iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi bukabije kandi ishobora kwangirika hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi iyo ihuye na aside na alkali. Imyanda ishobora no kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutwara ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bwayo. Nubwo imiyoboro ya pulasitiki y'ubuhanga irwanya kwangirika, ubushyuhe bwayo ntibushobora kwangirika cyane, akenshi ikaba iri munsi ya 200 ℃, kandi ikunda gusaza no kwangirika. Imiyoboro isanzwe ya ceramic irwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi no kwangirika, ariko irangirika cyane kandi ishobora kwangirika ndetse n'ubushyuhe buke bushobora kwangirika.
Kandi imiyoboro ya silikoni karubide yirinda neza izi nenge, aho ubushobozi butatu bw'ingenzi ari bwo gukomera, kurwanya ubushyuhe, no kurwanya ingese bukoreshwa neza, ibyo bikaba byujuje neza ibisabwa n'inganda zigezweho kugira ngo "zirambe, zihamye, kandi zidakomeza kubungabungwa cyane" imiyoboro.
Injira mu nganda: Kubaho kwayo kuboneka hose
Muri iki gihe, imiyoboro ya silicon carbide yabaye "ihame" mu mikorere myinshi igoye. Mu nganda zikora imiti, ishinzwe gutwara aside na alkali zitandukanye zivanze nta gusimbuza no kubungabunga kenshi; Mu buryo bwo gusohora sulfurization no desnitrification mu nganda zitanga amashanyarazi, ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubushuhe bwinshi buterwa n'ubukonje, kandi igihe cyo kuyikoresha gishobora kurenza imyaka 10.
Mu nganda za semiconductor, ubuziranenge bwayo buri hejuru cyane butuma nta mwanda uhumanya ukoreshwa mu gutwara imyuka ifite ubuziranenge bwinshi, bigatuma iba "igipimo ngenderwaho cya zahabu" mu gukora chips; Mu nganda zikora ibyuma, ishobora gutwara uduce tw'ibyuma bishyushye cyane n'ifu y'amabuye y'agaciro nta bwoba bwo kwangirika no kwangirika. Ndetse no mu nganda zikora indege, imiyoboro ya gaze ishyushye cyane ya moteri za roketi ntishobora kubaho idafite inkunga yazo.
Bitewe n'iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihugu, ikiguzi cy'imiyoboro ya silikoni carbide cyaragabanutse cyane, kandi ishobora no guhuzwa n'ibice bishya nka hydrogen energy n'ikirere binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwa chemical. Uyu 'Diamond Warrior' mu miyoboro y'inganda arimo gukoresha imbaraga ze kugira ngo arinde imikorere ihamye y'inganda zitandukanye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 15 Ukwakira 2025