"Inzobere idashira" yihishe mu muyoboro: kuki umuyoboro wa silikoni carbide ari ingirakamaro cyane?

Mu nganda, imiyoboro imeze nk' "imitsi y'amaraso" y'ibikoresho, ishinzwe gutwara ibikoresho "bishyushye cyane" nk'umucanga, amabuye, n'ibyuka bishyushye cyane. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, inkuta z'imbere z'imiyoboro isanzwe zirashanguka byoroshye ndetse zishobora no kuva amazi, bigasaba kubungabungwa no gusimburwa kenshi, kandi bishobora no kudindiza iterambere ry'umusaruro. Mu by'ukuri, kongeramo "imyenda yihariye yo kurinda" ku muyoboro bishobora gukemura ikibazo, ari cyoumuyoboro wa silikoni karubide urimo urukutaTugiye kuganiraho uyu munsi.
Hari abantu bashobora kwibaza bati, ese koko inkomoko y’ibibumbano bya silikoni byumvikana nk’ “ibikomeye”? Mu magambo make, ni ibikoresho bya silikoni bikozwe mu bikoresho bikomeye nka silikoni binyuze mu buryo bwihariye, kandi ikintu kinini kiyiranga ni “ubudahangarwa”: ubukomere bwayo ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, kandi ishobora kwihanganira kwangirika k’umucanga n’amabuye n’ibikoresho byangiza buhoro buhoro, bitandukanye n’ibibumbano bisanzwe by’icyuma bishobora kwangirika no gusaza, kandi inarwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi n’ingaruka kurusha ibibumbano bya pulasitiki.
Ishingiro ryo gushyiramo utwuma twa silikoni mu miyoboro ni ukongeraho "uruzitiro rukomeye" ku rukuta rw'imbere. Mu gushyiraho, nta mpamvu yo gushyiramo imbaraga nyinshi. Akenshi, ibice bya silikoni bya kera bifatanye n'urukuta rw'imbere rw'umuyoboro hakoreshejwe kole zidasanzwe kugira ngo bikore urwego rwuzuye rwo kurinda. Uru ruvange rw' 'uruzitiro' rushobora gusa n'aho rudakomeye, ariko imikorere yarwo ni ingirakamaro cyane:
Ubwa mbere, ni 'ubudahangarwa bwuzuye'. Yaba ari ugutwara uduce tw'amabuye y'agaciro dufite impande zityaye cyangwa utuntu duto dutemba cyane, ubuso bw'urukuta rwa silicon carbide buba bworoshye cyane. Iyo ibikoresho birenga, ubukana buba buto, ibyo bikaba bitangiza urukuta gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ubudahangarwa mu gihe cyo gutwara ibikoresho, bigatuma gutwara ibintu byoroha. Imiyoboro isanzwe ishobora gusaba gusuzumwa nyuma y'igice cy'umwaka imaze kwangirika, mu gihe imiyoboro ifite uruvange rwa silicon carbide ishobora kongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha, ikagabanya ingorane n'ikiguzi cyo kuyisimbura kenshi.
Hanyuma hariho "ubudahangarwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubudahangarwa n'imirongo ibiri". Mu nganda nyinshi, ibikoresho bigezwamo bifite ibintu byangiza nka aside na alkali, kandi ubushyuhe ntibuba buri hasi. Imirongo isanzwe irangirika kandi igacika, cyangwa igahinduka nabi bitewe no guteka mu bushyuhe bwinshi. Ariko silicon carbide ceramics ubwayo ifite imiterere ihamye ya shimi kandi ntitinya aside na alkali. Nubwo yahura n'ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa dogere selisiyusi amagana, ishobora kugumana imiterere ihamye, bigatuma ikoreshwa mu "biryo bikomeye" nko mu binyabutabire, mu byuma, no mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro.

Indi ngingo y'ingenzi ni "nta mpungenge kandi nta mpungenge". Imiyoboro iriho silicon carbide ntisaba kuzimwa kenshi kugira ngo ikomeze gukoreshwa, kandi yoroshye kuyitunganya - ubuso bwayo ntibukunda gukururwa cyangwa ngo bumanikwe ibikoresho, kandi ikeneye gusukurwa gato buri gihe. Ku bigo, ibi bivuze kugabanya ibyago byo guhagarika umusaruro no kuzigama amafaranga menshi yo kubungabunga n'ibikoresho, bingana no "gushyiraho rimwe gusa, nta mpungenge z'igihe kirekire".
Hari abantu bashobora gutekereza ko ubwo bufatanye burambye buhenze cyane? Mu by’ukuri, kubara "ibaruramari ry’igihe kirekire" birasobanutse: nubwo igiciro cya mbere cy’ubufatanye busanzwe ari gito, bugomba gusimburwa buri mezi atatu kugeza kuri atanu; Ishoramari rya mbere ry’ubufatanye bwa silicon carbide riri hejuru gato, ariko rishobora gukoreshwa imyaka myinshi, kandi igiciro mpuzandengo ku munsi mu by’ukuri kiri hasi. Byongeye kandi, rishobora kwirinda igihombo giterwa n’ibyangiritse by’imiyoboro, kandi igiciro cyaryo mu by’ukuri kiri hejuru cyane.
Muri iki gihe, imiyoboro ya silikoni karubide yagiye iba "igisubizo gikunzwe" cyo kurinda imiyoboro y'inganda, kuva ku miyoboro itwara imiyoboro mu birombe, kugeza ku miyoboro y'ibikoresho byangiza mu nganda zikora imiti, kugeza ku miyoboro ya gaze ishyushye cyane mu nganda zikora ingufu z'amashanyarazi, bigaragara ko ihari. Mu magambo make, ni nk'"umurinzi bwite" w'imiyoboro, irinda bucece imikorere myiza y'umusaruro w'inganda hamwe n'ubukana bwayo n'uburambe bwayo - iyi ni nayo mpamvu amasosiyete menshi yiteguye guha imiyoboro iyi "myenda yihariye yo kuyirinda".