Emkhakheni omkhulu wesayensi yezinto zokwakha, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide sezibe “isithandwa” semikhakha eminingi yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zazo ezinhle kakhulu njengokuqina okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, ukuzinza okuhle kokushisa, kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali. Kusukela ezindiza kuya ekukhiqizweni kwe-semiconductor, kusukela ezimotweni zamandla amasha kuya emishinini yezimboni, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide zidlala indima ebalulekile. Enqubweni yokulungiselela izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide, indlela yokusila iyisici esiyinhloko esinquma izakhiwo zayo kanye nobubanzi bokusetshenziswa. Namuhla, sizohlola inqubo yokusila ye-silicon carbide futhi sigxile ekuhloleni izinzuzo eziyingqayizivele zokusabela okusila.i-silicon carbide ceramics.
Izindlela ezivamile zokuhlanza i-silicon carbide
Kunezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhlanza i-silicon carbide, ngayinye inezimiso zayo ezihlukile kanye nezici zayo.
1. Ukucindezela ngokucindezela okushisayo: Le ndlela yokucindezela ihilela ukufaka i-silicon carbide powder esikhumbeni, ukusebenzisa ingcindezi ethile ngenkathi kushisa, ukuze kuqedwe izinqubo zokubopha nokucindezela ngasikhathi sinye. Ukucindezela ngokucindezela okushisayo kungathola i-silicon carbide ceramics eningi emazingeni okushisa aphansi futhi ngesikhathi esifushane, enobukhulu obuncane bezinhlamvu kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle zemishini. Kodwa-ke, imishini yokucindezela ngokucindezela okushisayo iyinkimbinkimbi, izindleko zesikhunta ziphakeme, izidingo zenqubo yokukhiqiza ziqinile, futhi izingxenye ezilula kuphela ezingalungiswa, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi, okuthi ngezinga elithile kukhawulele ukusetshenziswa kwayo okukhulu.
2. Ukushiswa kwengcindezi yomoya: Ukushiswa kwengcindezi yomoya kuyinqubo yokushiswa kwe-silicon carbide ngokuyifudumeza ku-2000-2150 ℃ ngaphansi kwengcindezi yomoya kanye nezimo zomoya ongasebenzi, ngokungeza izinsiza ezifanele zokushiswa. Ihlukaniswe ngezinqubo ezimbili: ukushiswa kwe-solid-state kanye nokushiswa kwe-liquid-phase. Ukushiswa kwe-solid phase kungafinyelela ukuminyana okuphezulu kwe-silicon carbide, ngaphandle kwesigaba sengilazi phakathi kwamakristalu, kanye nezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zomshini wokushisa okuphezulu; Ukushiswa kwe-liquid phase kunezinzuzo zokushisa okuphansi kokushiswa, usayizi omncane wokusanhlamvu, kanye namandla athuthukisiwe okugoba kwezinto kanye nokuqina kokuqhekeka. Ukushiswa kwengcindezi yomoya akunamingcele ngesimo nosayizi womkhiqizo, izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphansi, kanye nezakhiwo zezinto eziphelele ezinhle kakhulu, kodwa izinga lokushisa lokushiswa liphezulu futhi ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.
3. Ukushisa kokusabela: I-silicon carbide e-Reaction sintered yahlongozwa okokuqala ngu-P. Popper ngawo-1950. Le nqubo ihilela ukuxuba umthombo wekhabhoni kanye ne-silicon carbide powder, nokulungisa umzimba oluhlaza ngezindlela ezifana nokubumba ngomjovo, ukucindezela okomile, noma ukucindezela okubandayo kwe-isostatic. Ngemuva kwalokho, i-billet ishiswa ibe ngaphezu kuka-1500 ℃ ngaphansi kwe-vacuum noma umoya ongenawo umoya, lapho i-silicon eqinile incibilika khona ibe yi-silicon ewuketshezi, efaka i-billet equkethe ama-pores ngesenzo se-capillary. I-silicon ewuketshezi noma umhwamuko we-silicon udlula ekusabeleni kwamakhemikhali nge-C emzimbeni oluhlaza, bese i-β - SiC ekhiqizwa endaweni engaphakathi ihlangana nezinhlayiya ze-SiC zokuqala emzimbeni oluhlaza ukuze zakhe izinto ze-ceramic ze-silicon carbide ezi-reaction sintered.
Izinzuzo ze-Reaction Sintering Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela zokuhlanza, i-silicon carbide ceramics ephendukile yokusabela inezinzuzo eziningi ezibalulekile:
1. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusila kanye nezindleko ezingalawuleki: Izinga lokushisa lokusila lokusabela livame ukuba ngaphansi kunezinga lokushisa lomoya lokusila, okunciphisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu zemishini yokusila. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusila lisho izindleko zokulungisa eziphansi zemishini kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, okunciphisa ngempumelelo izindleko zokukhiqiza. Lokhu kwenza i-reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics ibe nezinzuzo ezinkulu kwezomnotho ekukhiqizweni okukhulu.
2. Ukwakheka kosayizi ocishe ube sezingeni elifanele, okulungele izakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi: Ngesikhathi senqubo yokushisa ukusabela, izinto azinciphisi ivolumu. Lesi sici senza ukuthi zifaneleke kakhulu ekulungiseleleni izingxenye zesakhiwo ezinkulu nezinobukhulu obuyinkimbinkimbi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izingxenye zemishini ezinembile noma izingxenye zemishini emikhulu yezimboni, i-reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics ingahlangabezana ngokunembile nezidingo zomklamo, inciphise izinyathelo zokucubungula ezilandelayo, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza, futhi inciphise ukulahlekelwa kwezinto kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko okubangelwa ukucubungula.
3. Izinga eliphezulu lokuminyana kwezinto: Ngokulawula izimo zokusabela ngokufanele, ukushiswa kokusabela kungafinyelela izinga eliphezulu lokuminyana kwezinto zobumba ze-silicon carbide. Isakhiwo esiminyene sinikeza izinto izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini, njengamandla aphezulu okugoba kanye namandla okucindezela, okwenza zikwazi ukugcina ubuqotho besakhiwo ngaphansi kwamandla angaphandle abalulekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo esiminyene siphinde sithuthukise ukumelana nokuguguleka kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto, okuvumela ukuthi zisebenze kahle ezindaweni zokusebenza ezinzima futhi zandise impilo yazo yesevisi.
4. Ukuqina okuhle kwamakhemikhali: Izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide ezisabela kahle zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nama-asidi aqinile nezinsimbi ezincibilikisiwe. Ezimbonini ezifana nezamakhemikhali nezensimbi, imishini ivame ukudinga ukuthintana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zemidiya ebolile. Izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide ezisabela kahle zingamelana ngempumelelo nokuguguleka kwalezi zitsha zobumba, ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini, zinciphise izindleko zokulungisa nokufaka esikhundleni, futhi zithuthukise ukuqhubeka kokukhiqiza kanye nokuzinza.
Kusebenza kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene
Ngalezi zinzuzo, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide ezisebenza ngokusabela ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eminingi. Emkhakheni wemishini yesitofu esisebenza ngokushisa okuphezulu, ingamelana nezimo zokushisa okuphezulu futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kwezitsha zobumba; Kuma-heat exchanger, ukuhanjiswa kwazo okuhle kakhulu kokushisa kanye nokumelana nokugqwala kuzenza zibe ukukhetha okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo; Emishinini yokuvikela imvelo efana nama-nozzles e-desulfurization, ingamelana nokuguguleka kwemidiya egqwalisayo futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesikhathi eside kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izitsha zobumba ze-silicon carbide ezisebenza ngokusabela nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile emikhakheni ephezulu njenge-photovoltaics kanye ne-aerospace.
I-reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics ithatha isikhundla esibalulekile emndenini we-silicon carbide ceramic ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo eziyingqayizivele. Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwenza ngcono okuqhubekayo kwezinqubo, kukholelwa ukuthi i-reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramics izobonisa ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu emikhakheni eminingi, inikeze ukwesekwa okuqinile kwezinto zokwakha ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni ezahlukahlukene.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-13-2025