Kwintsimi enkulu yesayensi yezinto, ii-silicon carbide ceramics ziye zaba "ziintandane" kwiinkalo ezininzi zobugcisa obuphezulu ngenxa yeempawu zazo ezintle ezifana nokuqina okuphezulu, amandla aphezulu, uzinzo oluhle lobushushu, kunye nozinzo lweekhemikhali. Ukusuka kwi-aerospace ukuya kwimveliso ye-semiconductor, ukusuka kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha ukuya koomatshini bemizi-mveliso, ii-silicon carbide ceramics zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela ii-silicon carbide ceramics, indlela yokusila yeyona nto iphambili emisela iimpawu zayo kunye noluhlu lwesicelo. Namhlanje, siza kujonga kwinkqubo yokusila ye-silicon carbide kwaye sigxile ekuhloleni izibonelelo ezikhethekileyo ze-reaction sinterediiseramikhi zesilicon carbide.
Iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokusila i-silicon carbide
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusila i-silicon carbide, nganye inemigaqo yayo kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa.
1. Ukucofa ngobushushu: Le ndlela yokucofa ibandakanya ukubeka umgubo we-silicon carbide kwisikhunta, ukusebenzisa uxinzelelo oluthile ngelixa kufudunyezwa, ukuze kugqitywe iinkqubo zokubumba kunye nokucofa ngaxeshanye. Ukucofa ngobushushu kunokufumana iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezixineneyo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwaye ngexesha elifutshane, ezinobukhulu obucolekileyo kunye neempawu ezilungileyo zoomatshini. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokucofa ngobushushu ziyinkimbinkimbi, iindleko zokubumba ziphezulu, iimfuno zenkqubo yemveliso zingqongqo, kwaye ziindawo ezilula kuphela ezinokulungiswa, nto leyo ebangela ukusebenza okuphantsi kwemveliso, nto leyo ethintela ukusetyenziswa kwayo okukhulu.
2. Ukusila koxinzelelo lomoya: Ukusila koxinzelelo lomoya yinkqubo yokusila i-silicon carbide ngokuyifudumeza ukuya kuma-2000-2150 ℃ phantsi koxinzelelo lomoya kunye neemeko zomoya ongasebenziyo, ngokongeza izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokusila. Yahlulwe yaba ziinkqubo ezimbini: ukusila okuqinileyo kunye nokusila okwenziwa liquid-phase. Ukusila okuqinileyo kunokufikelela kuxinano olukhulu lwe-silicon carbide, ngaphandle kwesigaba seglasi phakathi kweekristale, kunye neepropati ezintle kakhulu zoomatshini ezinobushushu obuphezulu; Ukusila okwenziwa liquid phase kuneengenelo zobushushu obuphantsi bokusila, ubungakanani obuncinci bengqolowa, kunye namandla aphuculweyo okugoba kwezinto kunye nokuqina kokuqhekeka. Ukusila koxinzelelo lomoya akukho miqathango kwimo kunye nobukhulu bemveliso, iindleko eziphantsi zemveliso, kunye neepropati ezintle zezinto ezibanzi, kodwa ubushushu bokusila buphezulu kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuphezulu.
3. Ukusinyisa i-Reaction: I-Reaction sintered silicon carbide yaqala ukucetyiswa nguP. Popper ngeminyaka yoo-1950. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukuxuba umthombo wekhabhoni kunye nomgubo we-silicon carbide, kunye nokulungiselela umzimba oluhlaza ngeendlela ezifana nokubumba ngenaliti, ukucinezela okomileyo, okanye ukucinezela okubandayo kwe-isostatic. Emva koko, i-billet ifudunyezwa ibe ngaphezulu kwe-1500 ℃ phantsi kwe-vacuum okanye umoya ongangeniyo, apho i-silicon eqinileyo inyibilika ibe yi-silicon engamanzi, engena kwi-billet eneembobo ngesenzo se-capillary. I-silicon engamanzi okanye umphunga we-silicon udlula kwi-chemical reaction ene-C emzimbeni oluhlaza, kwaye i-β-SiC eveliswa kwindawo idibana nee-SiC particles zokuqala emzimbeni oluhlaza ukwenza izinto ze-ceramic ze-silicon carbide ezisinyiweyo.
Iingenelo zeReaction Sintering Silicon Carbide Ceramics
Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokusila, iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisilahliweyo ze-reaction zineengenelo ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:
1. Ubushushu obuphantsi bokutshiza kunye neendleko ezilawulekayo: Ubushushu bokutshiza i-reaction buhlala buphantsi kunobushushu bokutshiza obusemoyeni, nto leyo enciphisa kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunye neemfuno zokusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu kwizixhobo zokutshiza. Ubushushu obuphantsi bokutshiza buthetha ukuba iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo ziphantsi kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kuncitshisiwe ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo iindleko zemveliso. Oku kwenza ukuba iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezitshizwayo zibe neenzuzo ezinkulu kwezoqoqosho kwimveliso enkulu.
2. Ukwakheka kobukhulu obuphantse bube yi-net, kufanelekile kwizakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo: Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila i-reaction, izinto azikwazi ukuncitshiswa kakhulu. Olu phawu lwenza ukuba zifaneleke ngokukodwa ukulungiselela izinto ezinkulu nezintsonkothileyo zesakhiwo. Nokuba zizinto ezichanekileyo zoomatshini okanye izixhobo ezinkulu zemizi-mveliso, iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisinkisiweyo ze-reaction zinokuhlangabezana ngokuchanekileyo neemfuno zoyilo, zinciphise amanyathelo okucubungula alandelayo, ziphucule ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso, kwaye zinciphise ukulahleka kwezinto kunye nokunyuka kweendleko okubangelwa kukucubungula.
3. Inqanaba eliphezulu loxinano lwezinto: Ngokulawula iimeko zokusabela ngokufanelekileyo, ukunyibilikisa i-reaction kunokufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu loxinano lwee-ceramics ze-silicon carbide. Isakhiwo esixineneyo sinika izinto iimpawu ezintle zoomatshini, ezinje ngamandla aphezulu okugoba kunye namandla okucinezela, okwenza ukuba zigcine ukuthembeka kwesakhiwo phantsi kwamandla angaphandle abalulekileyo. Kwangaxeshanye, isakhiwo esixineneyo sikwaphucula ukumelana nokuguguleka kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kwezinto, zivumela ukuba zisebenze ngokuzinzileyo kwiindawo zokusebenza ezinzima kwaye zandise ubomi bazo benkonzo.
4. Uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali: Iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered zinokumelana okuhle kakhulu nee-asidi ezinamandla kunye neentsimbi ezinyibilikisiweyo. Kwimizi-mveliso efana neekhemikhali kunye ne-metallurgical, izixhobo zihlala zifuna ukudibana neentlobo ngeentlobo ze-corrosive media. Iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered zinokumelana ngempumelelo nokukhukuliseka kwezi zixhobo, ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo, zinciphise iindleko zokugcina nokutshintsha, kwaye ziphucule ukuqhubeka kwemveliso kunye nokuzinza.
Isebenza kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo
Ngenxa yezi nzuzo, iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered ziye zasetyenziswa kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi. Kwicandelo lezixhobo ze-oven ezisebenzisa i-oven ezisebenzisa i-high-temperature, zinokumelana neendawo ezishushu kakhulu kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-oven; Kwi-heat exchangers, i-thermal conductivity yazo egqwesileyo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala kuzenza zibe lukhetho olufanelekileyo lwezinto eziphathekayo; Kwizixhobo zokukhusela okusingqongileyo ezifana nee-desulfurization nozzles, zinokumelana nokukhukuliseka kwe-corrosive media kwaye ziqinisekise ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwexesha elide kwezixhobo. Ukongeza, iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered nazo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo eziphezulu ezifana ne-photovoltaics kunye ne-aerospace.
Iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered zithatha indawo ebalulekileyo kusapho lwe-silicon carbide ceramic ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezikhethekileyo. Ngokuqhubeka kweteknoloji kunye nokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kweenkqubo, kukholelwa ukuba iiseramikhi ze-silicon carbide ezisebenzisa i-reaction sintered ziya kubonisa ukusebenza kwazo okuhle kakhulu kwiindawo ezininzi, zibonelela ngenkxaso enamandla yezinto zokwakha kuphuhliso lwamashishini ahlukeneyo.
Ixesha leposi: Juni-13-2025