Mu gawo lalikulu la sayansi ya zinthu, zoumba za silicon carbide zakhala "zokondedwa" m'magawo ambiri apamwamba chifukwa cha makhalidwe awo abwino monga kuuma kwambiri, mphamvu zambiri, kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha, komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. Kuyambira pakupanga ndege mpaka kupanga ma semiconductor, kuyambira magalimoto atsopano amphamvu mpaka makina amafakitale, zoumba za silicon carbide zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pakukonzekera zoumba za silicon carbide, njira yopangira sintering ndiyo chinthu chofunikira chomwe chimatsimikizira mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu wa ntchito. Lero, tifufuza njira yopangira sintering ya silicon carbide ndikuyang'ana kwambiri pakupeza zabwino zapadera za reaction sinteredsilicon carbide ceramics.
Njira zodziwika bwino zoyeretsera silicon carbide
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoyeretsera silicon carbide, iliyonse ili ndi mfundo zake zapadera komanso makhalidwe ake.
1. Kukanikiza kotentha: Njira iyi yokanikiza imaphatikizapo kuyika ufa wa silicon carbide mu nkhungu, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu inayake pamene ikutenthedwa, kuti amalize njira zowumbira ndi kukanikiza nthawi imodzi. Kukanikiza kotentha kumatha kupeza ceramics zolimba za silicon carbide pa kutentha kochepa komanso nthawi yochepa, ndi kukula kwa tirigu wabwino komanso mawonekedwe abwino amakina. Komabe, zida zokanikiza zotentha ndizovuta, mtengo wa nkhungu ndi wokwera, zofunikira pakupanga ndi zokhwima, ndipo zigawo zosavuta zokha ndi zomwe zingakonzedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito yopangira ikhale yochepa, zomwe zimalepheretsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu.
2. Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mpweya: Kuchepetsa mphamvu ya mpweya ndi njira yochepetsera mphamvu ya silicon carbide mwa kuitentha mpaka 2000-2150 ℃ pansi pa mphamvu ya mpweya ndi mlengalenga wopanda mpweya, powonjezera zothandizira zoyenera zochepetsera mphamvu. Imagawidwa m'njira ziwiri: kusungunuka kwa solid-state ndi kusungunuka kwa madzi. Kusungunuka kwa solid phase kumatha kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa silicon carbide, popanda gawo lagalasi pakati pa makristalo, komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakanika; Kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi ubwino wa kutentha kochepa, kukula kochepa kwa tirigu, komanso mphamvu yopindika bwino ya zinthu komanso kulimba kwa kusweka. Kusungunuka kwa mphamvu ya mpweya ndi mlengalenga kulibe zoletsa pa mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa chinthu, ndalama zochepa zopangira, komanso katundu wabwino kwambiri wazinthu, koma kutentha kwa kusungunuka ndi kwakukulu ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kumakhala kwakukulu.
3. Kusakaniza kwa Reaction: Reaction sintered silicon carbide idapangidwa koyamba ndi P. Popper m'zaka za m'ma 1950. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kusakaniza carbon source ndi silicon carbide powder, ndikukonzekera thupi lobiriwira pogwiritsa ntchito njira monga jekeseni, kukanikiza kouma, kapena kukanikiza kozizira kwa isostatic. Kenako, billet imatenthedwa mpaka madigiri 1500 Celsius pansi pa vacuum kapena mpweya wopanda mpweya, pomwe silicon yolimba imasungunuka kukhala silicon yamadzimadzi, yomwe imalowa mu billet yokhala ndi ma pores kudzera mu capillary action. Liquid silicon kapena silicon vapor imadutsa mu chemical reaction ndi C m'thupi lobiriwira, ndipo in-situ yopangidwa ndi β - SiC imaphatikizana ndi tinthu ta SiC toyambirira m'thupi lobiriwira kuti tipange reaction sintered silicon carbide ceramic materials.
Ubwino wa Zoumba za Silikoni Carbide za Reaction Sintering
Poyerekeza ndi njira zina zoyeretsera, zoumba za silicon carbide zoyeretsera zimakhala ndi zabwino zambiri:
1. Kutentha kochepa kwa sintering ndi mtengo wowongolera: Kutentha kwa sintering nthawi zambiri kumakhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa sintering komwe kumapangidwa mumlengalenga, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa kutentha kwakukulu kwa zida zosintering. Kutentha kotsika kwa sintering kumatanthauza kuti ndalama zochepa zosamalira zidazo ndi kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu panthawi yopanga, zomwe zimachepetsa bwino ndalama zopangira. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zinthu za silicon carbide zomwe zimapangidwa ndi reaction sintered zikhale ndi zabwino zambiri pazachuma popanga zinthu zazikulu.
2. Kupanga pafupifupi kukula kwake, koyenera nyumba zovuta: Panthawi yokonza zinthu, zinthuzo sizimachepa kwambiri. Khalidweli limapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri pokonzekera zinthu zazikulu komanso zovuta. Kaya ndi zinthu zolondola zamakina kapena zida zazikulu zamafakitale, zinthu za silicon carbide zozungulira zimatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga, kuchepetsa njira zotsatirira, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, komanso kuchepetsa kutayika kwa zinthu ndi kukwera kwa mtengo komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukonza.
3. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu: Mwa kulamulira momwe zinthu zimachitikira moyenera, kuwononga zinthu kumatha kupangitsa kuti zinthu za silicon carbide ceramics zikhale zolimba kwambiri. Kapangidwe kokhuthala kameneka kamapangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri, monga kulimba kwambiri komanso kulimba, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zikhalebe ndi mphamvu zambiri zakunja. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe kokhuthala kameneka kamathandizanso kuti zinthuzo zisamawonongeke komanso kuti zisawonongeke, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zigwire ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta komanso kuti zisamawonongeke.
4. Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala: Zida za silicon carbide zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Reaction sintered zimakhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa asidi amphamvu ndi zitsulo zosungunuka. M'mafakitale monga mankhwala ndi zitsulo, nthawi zambiri zida zimafunika kukhudzana ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zowononga. Zida za silicon carbide zomwe zimapangidwa ndi Reaction sintered zimatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzi, kuonetsetsa kuti zida zikugwira ntchito bwino, kuchepetsa ndalama zosamalira ndi kusintha, komanso kukonza kupitilira ndi kukhazikika kwa kupanga.
Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana
Ndi ubwino uwu, zoumba za silicon carbide zoyatsira mpweya zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo ambiri. Pazida zoyatsira moto zotentha kwambiri, zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zoumba zikugwira ntchito bwino; Mu zosinthira kutentha, kutentha kwawo kwabwino kwambiri komanso kukana dzimbiri zimapangitsa kuti zikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri; Pazida zoteteza chilengedwe monga ma nozzles otulutsa sulfurization, zimatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zowononga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zidazo zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, zoumba za silicon carbide zoyatsira mpweya zimathandizanso kwambiri m'minda yapamwamba monga photovoltaics ndi aerospace.
Zida za silicon carbide zozungulira zomwe zimapangika chifukwa cha reaction sintered zili ndi udindo wofunikira m'banja la silicon carbide ceramic chifukwa cha ubwino wawo wapadera. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo komanso kukonza njira, akukhulupirira kuti zida za silicon carbide zozungulira zomwe zimapangika chifukwa cha reaction sintered zidzawonetsa magwiridwe antchito awo abwino kwambiri m'magawo ambiri, kupereka chithandizo champhamvu chazinthu zopangira mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-13-2025