"Umukinnyi w'ibintu byose" mu nganda zikora ibibumbano: gusobanura ubwiza budasanzwe bwa silicon carbide ceramics

Mu rwego rw'umusaruro w'inganda, ibikoresho bya ceramic birimo kwandika inkuru nshya. Bitandukanye n'ibikoresho bya ceramic mu buzima bwa buri munsi, ibikoresho bya ceramic byagaragaje imikorere yabyo ihebuje mu nzego z'ingenzi nko mu byuma, mu buhanga mu by'ubutabire, no mu ngufu nshya. Oxyde ya aluminiyumu, nitride ya silicon, oxyde ya zirconium n'ibindi bikoresho bifite imiterere yabyo, ariko iyo bigeze ku mbaraga zikomeye cyane z' "umukinnyi ukina ibintu byose",ibumba rya karubide rya silikoninta gushidikanya ko ari bo beza kurusha abandi.
Ibumba rya alumina ni nk'abanyabukorikori gakondo, bazwiho gukomera cyane no kugurwa, ariko bakunze kurengerwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ibumba rya silicon nitride, kimwe n'ibikoresho by'ubuhanga, rifite ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, ariko rishobora kugaragaza "imbavu zoroshye" mu duce tumwe na tumwe twangiza. Ibumba rya zirconia ni nk'abasirikare b'ingabo zidasanzwe, bazwiho gukomera cyane, ariko bashobora "gusezera" mu ntangiriro z'intambara zishyushye cyane kandi zimara igihe kirekire.
Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibumba rya silicon carbide ryagaragaje imbaraga zidasanzwe. Iki gikoresho cya kristu, cyubatswe neza na atome za silicon carbone, gifite ibyiza bitatu by'ingenzi: ubushobozi bwacyo bukomeye bwo gutwara ubushyuhe butuma "kituza" mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi, ubushobozi bwacyo bwo kudashira butuma "kigira ubutwari" mu bihe bikomeye byo gukora, kandi ubushobozi bwacyo bwihariye bwo kudashira bumeze nk'ingabo irinda karemano, irwanya kwibasirwa n'ibintu bitandukanye byangiza.

Mu rwego rwo gucunga ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa silicon carbide burakubye gatatu ugereranije n'ubw'icyuma gisanzwe. Ubu buryo bwo "gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe" butuma iba amahitamo meza ku mashyiga ashyushye cyane n'ibikoresho bya semiconductor. Bitewe n'ikibazo cyo kwangirika no gucika, ubukana bw'ubuso bwayo ni ubwa kabiri nyuma ya diyama, bigaragaza ko imara igihe kirekire cyane mu bihe nk'imashini zicukura amabuye y'agaciro n'imiyoboro y'ubwikorezi. Ikindi kidasanzwe ni uko iki gikoresho gishobora kugumana ibara ryacyo karemano ndetse no mu bidukikije byangiza nk'aside ikomeye, kikihuza neza n'ibikenewe byihariye by'ibikoresho bya chimique.
Bitewe n'iterambere rikomeye ry'inganda nshya z'ingufu, ibumba rya silikoni carbide riri gufungura uturere dushya two gukoreshwa. Mu rwego rwo gutanga ingufu za photovoltaic, iba ibikoresho byiza cyane bishyigikira ikirere; Ku murongo wo gukora bateri ya lithium, yahinduwemo plaque zikozwe neza cyane. Ubu bushobozi bwo "kwambuka imipaka" buturuka ku gukora kwayo ku buryo bwihariye - ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi bwa 1350 ℃ no gukora neza mu duce dukonje cyane twa -60 ℃.

Nk'inzobere mu bya tekiniki zikora cyane mu bijyanye na silicon carbide ceramics, dukomeza kunoza uburyo ibikoresho bitunganywa n'uburyo bitunganywa, dukomeza kugira ibyiza byacu gakondo, turushaho kunoza imbaraga za mekanike n'ubuziranenge bw'ibikoresho. Binyuze mu mibare nyayo y'ibikoresho fatizo n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gucura, ibicuruzwa byacu byarushijeho kuba byiza mu buryo bugaragara mu gihe cy'akazi katoroshye, bitanga garanti ikomeye y'ibikoresho bigezweho mu nganda.
Guhitamo ibikoresho bya ceramic mu nganda ni ugushaka uburinganire hagati y’imikorere n’ikiguzi. Silicon carbide ceramics, hamwe n’inyungu zayo nziza zo kugabanya ikiguzi, irimo kuvugurura amahame y’umusaruro w’inganda - kugabanya inshuro zo gusimbuza ibikoresho mu gihe kirekire, kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kubisana mu gihe imikorere ihamye, no koroshya guhitamo ibikoresho hakoreshejwe uburyo bwinshi bwo kubikoresha. Iyi ishobora kuba impamvu nyamukuru ituma abahanga benshi babishyira ku rutonde rw’ibikoresho bikunzwe cyane.
Iyo tuvuze ku iterambere ry’inganda, guhanga udushya mu bikoresho akenshi ni cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kandi cy’ingenzi cyane. Iterambere rihoraho rya silicon carbide ceramics ntirigaragaza gusa iterambere mu ikoranabuhanga rya ceramic, ahubwo rinagaragaza indi ntambwe mu musaruro mwiza w’inganda. Muri iki gihe cyo gushaka imikorere myiza, ibi bikoresho bya ceramic "bitekereza" birimo gufungura umwanya mushya w’ubuhanga mu nganda zigezweho.