Mundima yekugadzira maindasitiri, zvinhu zveceramic zviri kunyora ngano itsva. Kusiyana nemidziyo yeceramic muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, zvigadzirwa zveceramic zveindasitiri zvakaratidza kushanda kwazvo kwakanaka muminda yakakosha senge simbi, makemikari, uye simba idzva. Aluminium oxide, silicon nitride, zirconium oxide nezvimwe zvinhu zvine hunhu hwazvo, asi kana zvasvika kune simba rakasimba re "mutambi weall-around",zviumbwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbideHapana mubvunzo kuti ndivo vakanakisisa.
Zvigadzirwa zveAlumina zvakafanana nemabasa emaoko echinyakare, zvinozivikanwa nekuoma kwazvo uye kukwanisika kutenga, asi zvinowanzo kundwa nekupisa kwakanyanya. Zvigadzirwa zveSilicon nitride, sezvishandiso zvakanyatsonaka, zvine simba rekudzivirira kupisa, asi zvinogona kuratidza "mbabvu dzakapfava" munzvimbo dzakati wandei dzinopisa. Zvigadzirwa zveZirconia zvakafanana nemasoja emauto akakosha, anozivikanwa nekusimba kwazvo, asi zvinogona "kurega basa" pakutanga kwehondo dzinopisa zvakanyanya uye dzinotora nguva refu.
Kusiyana neizvi, silicon carbide ceramics yakaratidza simba guru. Iyi crystal material, iyo yakavakwa zvakasimba nemaatomu esilicon carbon, ine zvakanakira zvitatu zvikuru: conductivity yayo yakasimba kwazvo yekupisa inoita kuti igare "yakadzikama" munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya, kuramba kwayo kupfeka kwakanaka kunoita kuti ive "yakashinga" mumamiriro ekushanda akaoma, uye kugadzikana kwayo kwemakemikari kwakasiyana kwakaita senhoo yekudzivirira yechisikigo, ichidzivisa kupinda kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emagetsi anoparadza.
Munyaya yekutarisira kupisa, simba rekupisa resilicon carbide ceramics rinopetwa katatu kupfuura simbi yakajairika. "Talent yekupisa" iyi inoigadzira sarudzo yakanaka yemakiln anodziya zvakanyanya uye ma semiconductor substrates. Yakatarisana nedambudziko rekusakara, kuomarara kwayo pamusoro pemadhaimani ndiko kunotevera dhaimani, zvichiratidza hupenyu hurefu hwebasa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai semichina yekuchera nepaipi dzekufambisa. Chinonyanya kushamisa ndechekuti chinhu ichi chinogona kuchengetedza ruvara rwacho rwechisikigo kunyangwe munzvimbo dzine ngura dzakadai seasidhi yakasimba, ichinyatsoenderana nezvinodiwa zvemichina yemakemikari.
Nekukura kwakasimba kweindasitiri itsva yesimba, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide zviri kuvhura nzvimbo itsva dzekushandisa. Mubasa rekugadzira simba re photovoltaic, inova chinhu chakanaka chekutsigira chinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze; Pamutsetse wekugadzira bhatiri re lithium, yakashandurwa kuita maplate ane sintered akanyatsogadzirwa. Kugona uku "kuyambuka miganhu" kunobva mukubatanidzwa kwayo kwakasiyana - inogona kutsungirira tembiricha dzakanyanya dze1350 ℃ uye kushanda zvakadzikama munzvimbo dzinotonhora zvakanyanya dze -60 ℃.
Senyanzvi dzehunyanzvi dzakabatikana zvakanyanya mubasa re silicon carbide ceramics, tinoramba tichigadzirisa maitiro ekugadzira zvinhu uye maitiro ekugadzira sintering, uku tichichengetedza zvakanakira zvedu zvechinyakare, tichigara tichivandudza simba remakanika uye kururama kwezvinhu. Kuburikidza nehuwandu hwezvinhu zvakabikwa uye tekinoroji itsva yekugadzira sintering, zvigadzirwa zvedu zvakavandudza kuvimbika mumamiriro ekushanda akaomarara, zvichipa vimbiso yakasimba yezvinhu zvemazuva ano zvemaindasitiri.
Kusarudza zvinhu zvesimbi zvemaindasitiri kunonyanya kutsvaga kuenzanisa pakati pekushanda nemutengo. Zvisimbi zvesimbi zvesilicon carbide, zvine mabhenefiti azvo ekubudirira pamutengo, zviri kutsanangura patsva mwero wekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri - kuderedza kuwanda kwekutsiva nehupenyu hurefu, kuderedza mari yekugadzirisa nekushanda kwakasimba, uye kurerutsa kusarudzwa kwemidziyo nekushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana. Ichi chingave chiri chikonzero chikuru nei mainjiniya akawanda ari kuzvinyora sezvinhu zvinofarirwa.
Patinotaura nezvekufambira mberi kwemaindasitiri, kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu kazhinji ndiyo nzvimbo yakakosha uye yakakosha yekubudirira. Kuenderera mberi kwekugadzirwa kwesimbi dzesilicon carbide hakungomiriri chete kubudirira mune tekinoroji yesimbi chete, asiwo kunoratidza imwe danho mukubudirira kwekugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. Munguva ino yekutsvaga kushanda kwepamusoro, zvinhu izvi zvesimbi "zvinofunga" zviri kuvhura nzvimbo itsva yekufungidzira yekugadzira yemazuva ano.
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-06-2025