Iimveliso ze-silicon carbide: ukhetho oluhle kakhulu lokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu

Kuphuhliso oluqhubekayo loshishino lwanamhlanje kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukusebenza kwemathiriyeli kudlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ngokukodwa xa ujongene nemingeni yeendawo eziphakamileyo zokushisa, ukuzinza komsebenzi wezinto eziphathekayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kunye nobomi bezixhobo ezinxulumeneyo kunye neemveliso.Iimveliso ze-silicon carbide, ngokuxhathisa kwabo kubushushu obuphezulu, ngokuthe ngcembe baba lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zezicelo zobushushu obuphezulu.
I-Silicon carbide, ukusuka kumbono wesakhiwo samakhemikhali, i-compound eyakhiwe ngezinto ezimbini: i-silicon (Si) kunye ne-carbon (C). Le ndibaniselwano ikhethekileyo yeathom inika i-silicon carbide iipropathi ezizodwa zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali. Ubume bayo bekristale buzinzile kakhulu, kwaye ii-athomu ziqhagamshelwe ngokusondeleyo ngeebhondi ezidibeneyo, zinika i-silicon carbide amandla okuqina angaphakathi, eyona siseko sokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu.
Xa siphendulela ingqalelo yethu kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, inzuzo yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu beemveliso ze-silicon carbide iboniswa ngokupheleleyo. Kwintsimi yobushushu obuphezulu bobushushu bemizi-mveliso, izinto zelinen zemveli zithande ukuthamba, ukuguqulwa, kunye nomonakalo phantsi kokuvezwa kwexesha elide lobushushu obuphezulu, obungachaphazeli nje ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesithando somlilo kodwa kufuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo, ukunyuka kweendleko kunye nobunzima bokulondolozwa. Izinto zokugqoka ezenziwe nge-silicon carbide zifana nokubeka "i-suti yokukhusela" eqinile kwisithando somlilo. Kumaqondo obushushu afikelela kwi-1350 ℃, isenokugcina iipropati ezizinzileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali kwaye ayizukuthamba lula okanye ibole. Oku akukona nje ukwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yesithando somlilo kunye nokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokugcinwa, kodwa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuzinza kweziko zoshishino kwiindawo eziphezulu zokushisa, ukubonelela ngeziqinisekiso ezithembekileyo zenkqubo yokuvelisa.

Ngokomzekelo, kwibala le-aerospace, xa ibhabha ngesantya esiphezulu, iinqwelo-moya zivelisa ubushushu obuninzi ngokungqubana okukhulu nomoya, nto leyo ebangela ukwanda okubukhali kobushushu bomhlaba. Oku kufuna ukuba izinto ezisetyenziswa kwinqwelomoya kufuneka zibe nokuxhathisa okuhle kobushushu obuphezulu, kungenjalo ziya kujongana neengozi ezinzulu zokhuseleko. Izinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-silicon carbide ziye zaba zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvelisa iindawo eziphambili ezifana nezixhobo ze-injini yenqwelomoya kunye neenkqubo zokukhusela ukushisa kweenqwelomoya ngenxa yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Inokugcina ukusebenza kakuhle komatshini phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, iqinisekise ingqibelelo yolwakhiwo lwamacandelo, incede iinqwelomoya zoyise isantya kunye nokuncipha kobushushu, kwaye zifezekiseke ngakumbi kwaye zikhuselekile ukuhamba ngenqwelomoya.
Ukusuka kumbono we-microscopic, imfihlo yokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu be-silicon carbide ilele kwisakhiwo sayo sekristale kunye neempawu zebhondi yeekhemikhali. Njengoko bekutshiwo ngaphambili, i-covalent bond energy phakathi kwe-athom ye-silicon carbide iphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza kube nzima ukuba ii-athom zikhuphe ngokulula kwiindawo zazo ze-lattice kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ngaloo ndlela kugcinwe uzinzo lwesakhiwo sezinto. Ngaphezu koko, i-coefficient yokwandiswa kwe-thermal ye-silicon carbide iphantsi, kwaye ukuguqulwa kwevolumu yayo kuncinci xa ubushushu buguquka ngokuphawulekayo, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphepha ingxaki yokuphuka kwezinto ezibangelwa ukuxinzezeleka koxinzelelo ngenxa yokwandiswa kwe-thermal kunye nokunciphisa.

Ngokuqhubela phambili okuqhubekayo kwetekhnoloji, ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-silicon carbide nako kuphucuka ngokuqhubekayo. Abaphandi baye baphucula inkqubo yokulungiselela, ukulungiswa kwezinto eziphuculweyo, kunye nezinye iindlela zokuphakamisa ubushushu obuphezulu bokuchasana neemveliso ze-silicon carbide, ngelixa besandisa amathuba okusebenza kwabo kwiinkalo ezininzi. Kwixesha elizayo, sikholelwa ukuba iimveliso ze-silicon carbide ziya kukhanya kwaye zivelise ubushushu kumashishini amaninzi anjengamandla amatsha, i-electronics, kunye ne-metallurgy kunye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu okuphezulu, igalelo kuphuhliso lwamashishini ahlukeneyo.