Nā huahana Silicon carbide: he koho maikaʻi loa no ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe

I ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana o ka ʻoihana a me ka ʻenehana hou, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ka hana o nā mea. ʻOi loa aku i ka wā e kū nei i nā pilikia o nā wahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ke kūpaʻa o ka hana o kahi mea e pili pono ana i ka hana a me ke ola o nā lako a me nā huahana e pili ana.Nā huahana silikona carbide, me ko lākou kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa, ke lilo mālie nei i koho kūpono no nā kahua noi wela kiʻekiʻe he nui.
ʻO ka Silicon carbide, mai kahi kuanaʻike o ke ʻano kemika, he hui i haku ʻia me ʻelua mau mea: silicon (Si) a me ke kalapona (C). Hāʻawi kēia hui atomika kū hoʻokahi i ka silicon carbide i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika kū hoʻokahi. He paʻa loa kona ʻano kristal, a pili pono nā ʻātoma ma o nā pilina covalent, e hāʻawi ana i ka silicon carbide i ka ikaika hoʻopaʻa kūloko ikaika, ʻo ia ke kumu o kona kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe.
Ke hoʻohuli mākou i ko mākou manaʻo i nā noi kūpono, ua hōʻike piha ʻia ka pono o ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana silicon carbide. Ma ke kahua o nā umu ʻoihana wela kiʻekiʻe, ua palupalu nā mea uhi kuʻuna, hoʻololi ʻia, a hiki i ka hōʻino ʻia ma lalo o ka lōʻihi o ka wela kiʻekiʻe, ʻaʻole wale ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hana maʻamau o ka umu akā pono pū kekahi e hoʻololi pinepine, e hoʻonui ana i nā kumukūʻai a me nā pilikia mālama. ʻO ka mea uhi i hana ʻia me ka silicon carbide e like me ke kau ʻana i kahi "pale pale" ikaika ma ka umu. I nā mahana e like me 1350 ℃, hiki nō iā ia ke mālama i nā waiwai kino a me nā kemika paʻa a ʻaʻole e palupalu a palaho paha. ʻAʻole wale kēia e hoʻolōʻihi nui i ke ola lawelawe o ka uhi umu a hoʻemi i ka pinepine o ka mālama ʻana, akā hōʻoia pū kekahi i ka hana pono a paʻa o nā umu ʻoihana i nā wahi wela kiʻekiʻe, e hāʻawi ana i nā hōʻoia hilinaʻi no ke kaʻina hana.

No ka laʻana, ma ke kahua aerospace, i ka wā e lele ana ma nā wikiwiki kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopuka ka mokulele i ka nui o ka wela ma o ka friction ikaika me ka ea, e hoʻonui nui ana i ka mahana o ka ʻili. Pono kēia i nā mea i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o ka mokulele e loaʻa i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe, inā ʻaʻole e kū lākou i nā pōʻino palekana koʻikoʻi. Ua lilo nā mea hui i hoʻokumu ʻia i ka silicone carbide i mea nui no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi e like me nā ʻāpana mīkini mokulele a me nā ʻōnaehana pale wela mokulele ma muli o ko lākou kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa. Hiki iā ia ke mālama i ka hana mechanical maikaʻi ma lalo o nā kūlana wela kiʻekiʻe loa, hōʻoia i ka pono o ke kūkulu ʻana o nā ʻāpana, kōkua i ka mokulele e lanakila i nā palena o ka wikiwiki a me ka mahana, a hoʻokō i ka lele ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana.
Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona microscopic, ʻo ka mea huna o ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe o ka silicon carbide aia i loko o kona ʻano kristal a me nā ʻano pilina kemika. E like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma mua, he kiʻekiʻe loa ka ikehu pilina covalent ma waena o nā ʻātoma silicon carbide, kahi e paʻakikī ai i nā ʻātoma ke hoʻokaʻawale maʻalahi mai ko lākou mau kūlana lattice i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe, no laila e mālama ana i ke kūpaʻa o ka mea. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa iki ka coefficient hoʻonui wela o ka silicon carbide, a he liʻiliʻi iki ka loli o kona nui ke loli nui ka mahana, e pale pono ana i ka pilikia o ka haki ʻana o ka mea i hoʻokumu ʻia e ka nui o ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hoʻonui wela a me ka ʻūlū ʻana.

Me ka holomua mau o ka ʻenehana, ke hoʻomaikaʻi mau nei ka hana o nā huahana silicon carbide. Ua hoʻomaikaʻi nā mea noiʻi i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā ʻano hana mea, a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ke kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe o nā huahana silicon carbide, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i kā lākou hiki ke hoʻohana ma nā ʻano he nui. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei mākou e ʻālohilohi nā huahana silicon carbide a hoʻopuka i ka wela ma nā ʻoihana he nui e like me ka ikehu hou, nā mea uila, a me ka metallurgy me ko lākou kūpaʻa wela kiʻekiʻe maikaʻi loa, e kōkua ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻoihana like ʻole.