Ukutsha kwamalahle kwiindawo zokuvelisa umbane kuvelisa inkunkuma eqinileyo, njengothuthu olusezantsi noluphaphazelayo, kunye negesi yolwelo ekhutshwa emoyeni. Izityalo ezininzi kufuneka zisuse ukukhutshwa kwe-SOx kwigesi yolwelo kusetyenziswa iinkqubo zokususa i-flue gas desulfurization (FGD). Iiteknoloji ezintathu eziphambili ze-FGD ezisetyenziswa e-US kukukhuhla ngamanzi (85% yezinto ezifakelweyo), ukukhuhla ngamanzi (12%), kunye nokujova nge-sorbent eyomileyo (3%). Ii-scrubbers ezimanzi zihlala zisusa ngaphezulu kwe-90% ye-SOx, xa kuthelekiswa nee-scrubbers ezomileyo, ezisusa i-80%. Eli nqaku libonisa iiteknoloji zanamhlanje zokunyanga amanzi amdaka aveliswa ngamanzi amdaka.Iinkqubo ze-FGD.
Iziseko ze-Wet FGD
Iitekhnoloji ze-Wet FGD zifana kakhulu necandelo le-slurry reactor kunye necandelo lokukhupha amanzi aqinileyo. Kuye kwasetyenziswa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezifunxi, kuquka ii-packed and tray towers, ii-venturi scrubbers, kunye nee-spray scrubbers kwicandelo le-reactor. Ezi zifunxi zinciphisa iigesi ze-acidic nge-alkaline slurry yelayimu, i-sodium hydroxide, okanye i-limestone. Ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zoqoqosho, ii-scrubbers ezintsha zidla ngokusebenzisa i-limestone slurry.
Xa ilitye lekalika lidibana ne-SOx kwiimeko zokunciphisa i-absorber, i-SO 2 (inxalenye ephambili ye-SOx) iguqulwa ibe yi-sulfite, kwaye kuvela i-slurry etyebileyo kwi-calcium sulfite. Iinkqubo ze-FGD zangaphambili (ezibizwa ngokuba yi-oxidation yendalo okanye iinkqubo ze-oxidation ezithintelweyo) zivelise imveliso ye-calcium sulfite. Entsha.Iinkqubo ze-FGDSebenzisa i-reactor ye-oxidation apho i-calcium sulfite slurry iguqulwa ibe yi-calcium sulfate (gypsum); ezi zibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo ze-limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) FGD.
Iinkqubo ze-LSFO FGD eziqhelekileyo zanamhlanje zisebenzisa i-spray tower absorber ene-integral oxidation reactor kwisiseko (Umfanekiso 1) okanye inkqubo ye-jet bubbler. Kwi-gas nganye igesi ifunxwa kwi-limestone slurry phantsi kweemeko ze-anoxic; i-slurry emva koko idlulela kwi-aerobic reactor okanye kwindawo ye-reaction, apho i-sulfite iguqulwa ibe yi-sulfate, kwaye i-gypsum iyancipha. Ixesha lokubanjwa kwe-hydraulic kwi-oxidation reactor limalunga nemizuzu engama-20.
1. Inkqubo ye-FGD ye-spray column limestone forced oxidation (LSFO). Kwi-LSFO scrubber slurry idlulela kwi-reactor, apho umoya wongezwa khona ukunyanzela i-oxidation ye-sulfite ibe yi-sulfate. Le oxidation ibonakala iguqula i-selenate ibe yi-selenate, nto leyo ebangela ubunzima bonyango kamva. Umthombo: CH2M HILL
Ezi nkqubo zihlala zisebenza ngezinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo ze-14% ukuya kwi-18%. Izinto eziqinileyo ezixhonyiweyo ziquka izinto eziqinileyo ze-gypsum ezicolekileyo nezirhabaxa, uthuthu oluphaphazelayo, kunye nezinto ezingasebenziyo ezifakwe kwilitye lekalika. Xa izinto eziqinileyo zifikelela kumda ophezulu, i-slurry iyasuswa. Uninzi lweenkqubo ze-LSFO FGD zisebenzisa iinkqubo zokwahlula izinto eziqinileyo kunye nokukhupha amanzi ukuze zahlule i-gypsum kunye nezinye izinto eziqinileyo emanzini okucoca (Umfanekiso 2).
2. Inkqubo yokukhuculula amanzi ye-gypsum ye-FGD. Kwinkqubo yokukhuculula amanzi ye-gypsum eqhelekileyo, amasuntswana akwi-purity ahlulwe, okanye ahlulwe, abe ngamaqhezu aqinileyo nacolekileyo. Amasuntswana amancinci ahlulwe kwi-overflow evela kwi-hydroclone ukuze kuveliswe ukugeleza kwamanzi okuquka uninzi lweekristale ezinkulu ze-gypsum (ezinokuthengiswa) ezinokukhucululwa amanzi ziye kumxholo ophantsi wokufuma ngenkqubo yokukhuculula amanzi yebhanti ye-vacuum. Umthombo: CH2M HILL
Ezinye iinkqubo ze-FGD zisebenzisa izithambisi-mandla omhlaba okanye amachibi okuhlalisa ukuze kuhlulwe izinto eziqinileyo kunye nokukhuculwa kwamanzi, kwaye ezinye zisebenzisa ii-centrifuges okanye iinkqubo zokukhuculwa kwamanzi ze-rotary vacuum drum, kodwa uninzi lweenkqubo ezintsha zisebenzisa ii-hydroclones kunye neebhanti ze-vacuum. Ezinye zinokusebenzisa ii-hydroclones ezimbini ngokulandelelana ukwandisa ukususwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kwinkqubo yokukhuculwa kwamanzi. Inxalenye yokugcwala kwe-hydroclone inokubuyiselwa kwinkqubo ye-FGD ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwamanzi amdaka.
Ukucoca kungaqaliswa xa kukho ukuqokelelana kwee-chloride kwi-slurry ye-FGD, nto leyo efunekayo ngenxa yemida ebekwa kukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto zokwakha zenkqubo ye-FGD.
Iimpawu zamanzi amdaka e-FGD
Izinto ezininzi ezitshintshayo zichaphazela ukwakheka kwamanzi amdaka e-FGD, njengokwakheka kwamalahle kunye nelitye lekalika, uhlobo lwe-scrubber, kunye nenkqubo yokukhupha amanzi esetyenziswayo kwi-gypsum. Amalahle anegalelo kwiigesi ze-acidic - ezifana nee-chloride, ii-fluoride, kunye ne-sulfate - kunye neesinyithi eziguquguqukayo, kubandakanya i-arsenic, i-mercury, i-selenium, i-boron, i-cadmium, kunye ne-zinc. Ilitye lekalika linegalelo kwisinyithi kunye ne-aluminium (kwiiminerali zodongwe) ukuya kumanzi amdaka e-FGD. Ilitye lekalika lidla ngokucolwa kwi-ball mill emanzi, kwaye ukukhukuliseka kunye nokubola kweebhola kongeza isinyithi kwi-limestone slurry. Udongwe ludla ngokufaka isandla kwi-inert fines, enye yezizathu zokuba amanzi amdaka asuswe kwi-scrubber.
Ukusuka ku: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, PE; A. Thomas Sandy, PE; kunye noSilas W. Givens, PE.
Email: caroline@rbsic-sisic.com
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-04-2018