ʻO ka puhi ʻana o ka lanahu i loko o nā hale hana mana e hoʻopuka i nā ʻōpala paʻa, e like me ka lehu lalo a me ka lehu lele, a me ke kinoea flue i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka lewa. Pono nā hale hana he nui e wehe i nā hoʻokuʻu SOx mai ke kinoea flue me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻōnaehana desulfurization gas flue (FGD). ʻO nā ʻenehana FGD alakaʻi ʻekolu i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻo ia ka wet scrubbing (85% o nā hale hana), ka dry scrubbing (12%), a me ka dry sorbent injection (3%). ʻO ka maʻamau, wehe nā wet scrubbers ma mua o 90% o ka SOx, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā dry scrubbers, kahi e wehe ai i 80%. Hōʻike kēia ʻatikala i nā ʻenehana hou loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻoneoneo i hana ʻia e ka pulu.Nā ʻōnaehana FGD.
Nā Kumu o ka FGD Pulu
Loaʻa i nā ʻenehana FGD pulu kahi ʻāpana reactor slurry a me kahi ʻāpana dewatering solids. Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano mea hoʻomoʻa like ʻole, me nā hale kiaʻi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me nā hale kiaʻi pā, nā mea holoi venturi, a me nā mea holoi pīpī i ka ʻāpana reactor. Hoʻopau nā mea hoʻomoʻa i nā kinoea waikawa me kahi slurry alkaline o ka lime, sodium hydroxide, a i ʻole ka limestone. No kekahi mau kumu waiwai, hoʻohana pinepine nā mea holoi hou i ka slurry limestone.
Ke hana ka limestone me SOx i nā kūlana hoʻemi o ka mea hoʻomoʻa, hoʻololi ʻia ʻo SO2 (ka ʻāpana nui o SOx) i sulfite, a hana ʻia kahi slurry waiwai i ka calcium sulfite. ʻO nā ʻōnaehana FGD ma mua (i kapa ʻia ʻo ka oxidation kūlohelohe a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana oxidation i kāohi ʻia) ua hana i kahi huahana calcium sulfite. ʻOi aku ka houNā ʻōnaehana FGDe hoʻohana i kahi reactor oxidation kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka slurry calcium sulfite i calcium sulfate (gypsum); ua kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he ʻōnaehana limestone forced oxidation (LSFO) FGD.
Hoʻohana nā ʻōnaehana LSFO FGD hou maʻamau i kahi mea hoʻomoʻa hale kiaʻi me kahi reactor oxidation integral i loko o ke kumu (Kiʻi 1) a i ʻole kahi ʻōnaehana bubbler jet. I loko o kēlā me kēia, ua omo ʻia ke kinoea i loko o kahi slurry limestone ma lalo o nā kūlana anoxic; a laila hele ka slurry i kahi reactor aerobic a i ʻole kahi reaction, kahi e hoʻololi ʻia ai ka sulfite i sulfate, a hoʻopūʻiwa ʻia ka gypsum. ʻO ka manawa paʻa hydraulic i loko o ka reactor oxidation ma kahi o 20 mau minuke.
1. ʻŌnaehana FGD i hoʻohana ʻia e ka limestone forced oxidation (LSFO). I loko o kahi LSFO scrubber, hele ka slurry i kahi reactor, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia ai ka ea e hoʻoikaika i ka oxidation o ka sulfite i sulfate. Me he mea lā e hoʻololi kēia oxidation i ka selenite i selenate, e hopena ana i nā pilikia lapaʻau ma hope. Puna: CH2M HILL
Hana maʻamau kēia mau ʻōnaehana me nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia o 14% a 18%. ʻO nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia he mau mea paʻa gypsum maikaʻi a me nā mea ʻinoʻino, ka lehu lele, a me nā mea inert i hoʻokomo ʻia me ka limestone. Ke hiki nā mea paʻa i kahi palena kiʻekiʻe, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka slurry. Hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana LSFO FGD i nā ʻōnaehana hoʻokaʻawale mea paʻa mechanical a me nā ʻōnaehana dewatering e hoʻokaʻawale i ka gypsum a me nā mea paʻa ʻē aʻe mai ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe (Kiʻi 2).
2. ʻŌnaehana hoʻohemo wai gypsum purge FGD. Ma kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohemo wai gypsum maʻamau, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana i loko o ka purge i nā ʻāpana coarse a me nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi i loko o ke kahe ʻana mai ka hydroclone e hana i kahi underflow i loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kristal gypsum nui (no ke kūʻai aku paha) hiki ke hoʻohemo wai ʻia i kahi ʻike makū haʻahaʻa me kahi ʻōnaehana hoʻohemo wai kāʻei vacuum. Puna: CH2M HILL
Hoʻohana kekahi mau ʻōnaehana FGD i nā mea hoʻomānoanoa umekaumaha a i ʻole nā loko hoʻokaʻawale no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea paʻa a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana i ka wai, a hoʻohana kekahi i nā centrifuges a i ʻole nā ʻōnaehana hoʻohemo wai pahu vacuum rotary, akā hoʻohana ka hapa nui o nā ʻōnaehana hou i nā hydroclones a me nā kāʻei vacuum. Hiki i kekahi ke hoʻohana i ʻelua hydroclones ma ke ʻano moʻo e hoʻonui i ka wehe ʻana i nā mea paʻa i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻohemo wai. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi ʻia kahi hapa o ka hydroclone overflow i ka ʻōnaehana FGD e hōʻemi i ke kahe ʻana o ka wai ʻino.
Hiki ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ke loaʻa kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā chlorides i loko o ka slurry FGD, i koi ʻia e nā palena i kau ʻia e ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala o nā mea kūkulu o ka ʻōnaehana FGD.
Nā ʻano wai ʻino o ka FGD
Hoʻopilikia ka nui o nā loli i ka haku mele ʻana o ka wai ʻino FGD, e like me ke ʻano o ka lanahu a me ka limestone, ke ʻano o ka scrubber, a me ka ʻōnaehana gypsum-dewatering i hoʻohana ʻia. Hāʻawi ka lanahu i nā kinoea acidic - e like me nā chlorides, fluorides, a me sulfate - a me nā metala volatile, me ka arsenic, mercury, selenium, boron, cadmium, a me ka zinc. Hāʻawi ka limestone i ka hao a me ka alumini (mai nā minelala lepo) i ka wai ʻino FGD. Hoʻowali pinepine ʻia ka limestone i loko o kahi wili pōpō pulu, a ʻo ka ʻino a me ka pala o nā pōpō e hāʻawi i ka hao i ka slurry limestone. Loaʻa i nā lepo ke hāʻawi i nā mea maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ai ka wai ʻino mai ka scrubber.
Mai: Thomas E. Higgins, PhD, PE; A. Thomas Sandy, PE; a me Silas W. Givens, PE.
Email: caroline@rbsic-sisic.com
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-04-2018